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Properties Correlations and Characterization of Athabasca Oil Sands-derived Synthetic Crude Oil

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Petroleum Science 2007年第3期4卷 84-90页

作者： Wang Jun Zhao Suoqi Xu Chunming chung keng h. State Key Laboratory of heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochemical Institute of PetroChina Beijing 10083 China EnergyINet Calgary Alberta Canada

Narrow fractions of Athabasca oil sands-derived synthetic crude oil （SCO） from Canada were obtained by distillation at 20 ℃ to 500 ℃ and characterized. The yield and properties, such as density, refractive index, viscosity, freezing point, sulfur and nitrogen content and UOP K-index, were correlated as a function of boiling temperature （Tb）. The properties of naphtha fractions, jet fuel and diesel fractions could be predicted accurately with the correlations, which are useful for process design considerations, such as optimizing operating conditions of refinery processing units. The other key properties and characteristics of naphtha fractions, jet fuel, diesel and vacuum gas oil were also determined.

关键词： SCO properties correlation characterization

Characterization of heavy petroleum fraction by positive-ion electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation: Bond dissociation behavior and aromatic ring architecture of basic nitrogen compounds

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 874-882页

作者： ZhANG LinZhou ZhANG Yahe ZhAO SuoQi XU ChunMing chung keng h. ShI Quan State Key Laboratory of heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

This paper examined the bond dissociation behavior and aromatic ring architecture of basic nitrogen compounds in Sudan heavy petroleum fraction. Both broadband and quadrupole isolation modes positive-ion electrospray ionization （ESI） Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICR MS） coupled with collision induced dissociation （CID） tech- niques were used to characterize a low sulfur crude oil derived vacuum residuum （VR）. The appropriate CID operating condi- tion was selected by comparing the molecular weight distributions of the basic nitrogen compounds under various CID operat- ing conditions. Both odd- and even-electron fragment ions were observed from the mass spectrum, indicating that the hetero- lyric and homolytic bond cleavages occurred simultaneously during the CID process. The odd-electron fragment ions were predominant in each class species, indicating preferential heterolytic bond cleavages. At the optimal CID condition, the alkyl groups decomposed deeply and just left the aromatic cores of the nitrogen compounds. No Significant variation in double bond equivalent （DBE） value was observed between the fragment and parent ions, revealing that the domination of single core structure.

关键词： FT-ICR MS CID heavy oil molecular structure

Thermal transformation of acid compounds in high TAN crude oil

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 848-855页

作者： YANG BaiBing XU ChunMing ZhAO SuoQi hSU Chang Samuel chung keng h. ShI Quan State Key Laboratory of heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

The Liaohe crude oil with high total acid number （TAN） was subjected to thermal reaction at 300 ℃ to 500℃. Reaction products were collected and analyzed by negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （ESI FT-ICR MS） to determine acid compounds in the crude oil. The double-bond equivalence （DBE） versus carbon number was used to characterize the oxygenated components in the feed and reaction products. The 02 class which mainly corresponds to naphthenic acids decarboxylated at 350-400℃, resulting in a sharply decrease in TAN. Phenols （O1 class） are more thermally stable than carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids were also thermally cracked into smaller molecular size acids, evidenced by the presence of acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butyric acid in the liquid product. These small acid species are strong acids likely responsible for corrosion problems in refineries.

关键词： naphthenic acid TAN ESI FT-ICR MS thermal cracking

Effects of experimental conditions on the molecular composition of maltenes and asphaltenes derived from oilsands bitumen: Characterized by negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 863-873页

作者： WANG LiTao hE Chen LIU Yang ZhAO SuoQi ZhANG Yahe XU ChunMing chung keng h. ShI Quan State Key Laboratory of heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Well Resources Inc.

A vacuum topped Canadian oilsands bitumen （VTB） was subjected to solvent precipitation and subsequently characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatograph （GPC）, Ih-NMR spectroscopy and negative-ion electrospray ionization （ESI） Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICR MS）. Effects of experimental conditions such as solvent types （n-Cs, n-C6, and n-C7）, solvent purity, and solvent washing time on asphaltenes yields, bulk composition, and molecular composition of detectable heteroatom compounds in ESI source were determined. Elemental nitrogen and sulfur were enriched in asphaltenes while elemental oxygen had comparable content in maltenes and asphaltenes. Molecular compo- sition of asphaltenes varies with separation conditions. The N1 and O1 species identified by ESI FT-ICR MS were enriched in maltenes. The 02 species exhibited two different double bond equivalents （DBE） distributions and solubility in normal paraffin solvents, indicating two types of molecular structures. Multi oxygen atom containing compounds mainly detected in asphal- tenes. Compound class distributions are similar for maltenes derived from n-Cs, n-C6, and n-C7 , as well as for asphaltenes. The cyclic paraffin impurities in normal paraffin solvents had a significant influence on asphaltenes yields and heteroatom molecu- lar composition. A portion of neutral N1 species and acidic 02 species adsorbed on asphaltenes could be dissolved by increas- ing washing time. Cautions should be exercised when interpreting the properties and composition of asphaltenes obtained with different experimental conditions.

关键词： asphaltene precipitation experimental conditions bulk properties molecular composition ESI FT-ICR MS

Accurate identification of glass crystallization helps in selecting high electronic conductivity materials

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 503-511页

作者： Fanhou Kong Shuli Li Suoqi Zhao huiwen Li Lin Li Zhenting Zang Rui Zhang hongrui Liu Lehan Wang Changjiu Li keng h.chung Dongying Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices & School of Chemical Engineering Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology Special Glass Key Lab of hainan Province & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University

Though the current research on vanadium-based glass electrodes has made great progress, the conductivity theory of V-based glasses has not been obviously improved and crystals cannot be positioned precisely. The changes in the valence state of V3+, V4+and V5+are regulated by the strong reducing agent Fe2P to realize valence bond transformation of the amorphous electrode, explore the redox process of multi-electron reactions and further optimize the conductivity of electrode materials. VPFe2 and VPFe3 precipitate VO2crystals and VPFe4 precipitates VO2and V6O11crystals. Electron back-scattered diffraction was used to accurately identify the distribution and specific positions of both types of crystals. V6O11crystals exhibit a strong texture according to pole figure and inverse pole figure. XPS reveals that Fe2P and V2O5, undergo a redox reaction during the hightemperature melting process, where V5+is reduced to V4+and V3+and V4+renders a positive influence on conductivity. The addition of Fe2P increases the content of V4+in the glass and VPFe3 glass contains the highest content of V4+, leading to the highest electronic conductivity. V2O5transforms into VO2crystals and VO2transforms into V6O11with the increase of Fe2P content. The type of nanocrystal precipitation in glass affects electronic conductivity.

关键词： Electron back-scattered diffraction Electronic conductivity Glass crystallization Multi-electron reactions V2O5

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石油组分高分辨质谱分析进展与展望

中国科学：化学 2014年第5期44卷 694-700页

作者：史权张亚和徐春明赵锁奇 chung keng h 中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室北京102249

石油是一种复杂体系,研究石油分子组成是分析化学领域的经典难题.近年来,傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术(Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry,FT-ICR MS)的发展,为从分子水平认识石油组成提供了机会,引起了... 详细信息

石油是一种复杂体系,研究石油分子组成是分析化学领域的经典难题.近年来,傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术(Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry,FT-ICR MS)的发展,为从分子水平认识石油组成提供了机会,引起了石油化学界的高度关注,并被期待能在石油、石化领域的相关研究中实现重大突破.本文从质谱分辨率和电离技术方面介绍了石油样品的分析需求,总结了近几年基于FT-ICR MS技术对石油分子组成的研究进展,分析了其在应用中存在的关键技术问题及下一步研究方向,并对FT-ICR MS的发展前景给予展望.

关键词：石油 FT—ICR 质谱石油组学分子组成

Self-adhesive pads in defi brillation or cardioversion: risks due to unfamiliarity and recommendations

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 64-66页

作者： hansol chung Department of Emergency Medicine Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu 42415Republic of Korea

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),defibrillation,or cardioversion,the use of self-adhesive pads instead of conventional paddles has gradually become *** particular,it was recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic,as it allows defibrillation or cardioversion to be performed without close contact between the rescuer and patient.[1,2]Self-adhesive pads can minimize the downtime of chest compressions before and after defibrillation and protect the patient from electric arc formation,skin burns,and fi *** the pads are attached,electrocardiographic rhythm analysis,defibrillation,synchronous cardioversion,and cardiovascular support are all *** paddles,self-adhesive pads can save time because the application of conductive jelly,repeated positioning,and application of 10-12 kg of pressure on the chest are not *** European Resuscitation Council(ERC)Guidelines 2021 state that the use of self-adhesive pads is recommended in advanced cardiovascular life support(ACLS).[3]Nevertheless,some medical staff still tend to prefer the use of conventional paddles instead of self-adhesive pads in hospitals.

关键词： attached cardio conductive

100 W-class green hydrogen production from ammonia at a dual-layer electrode containing a Pt-Ir catalyst for an alkaline electrolytic process

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 352-360,I0009页

作者： Donghyun Yoon Sunki chung Minjun Choi Eunhyeok Yang Jaeyoung Lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GISTGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis GISTGwangju 61005Republic of Korea TKG huchems Co.Ltd 963Sangam-roYeosu-siJeollanam-do 59614Republic of Korea

Ammonia allows storage and transport of hydrogen over long distances and is an attractive potential hydrogen *** decomposition has recently been used for the conversion of ammonia to hydrogen and is regarded as a future technology for production of CO_(2)-free pure ***,a heterostructural Pt-Ir dual-layer electrode is developed and shown to achieve successful long-term operation in an ammonia electrolyzer with an anion exchange membrane(AEM).This electrolyzer consisted of eight membra ne electrode assemblies(MEAs)with a total geometric area of 200 cm~2 on the anode side,which resulted in a hydrogen production rate of 25 L h~(-1).We observed the degradation in MEA performance attributed to changes in the anode catalyst layer during hydrogen production via ammonia ***,we demonstrated the relationship between the ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).

关键词： Ammonia oxidation Dual-layer catalyst Green hydrogen Electrolytic process Oxygen evolution reaction

Coordinated Robust PID-based Damping Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Low-frequency Oscillations Considering Power System Operational Uncertainties

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第4期12卷 1042-1051页

作者： Rehan Sadiq Zhen Wang Chi Yung chung Deqiang Gan Cunzhi Tong College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China The hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong KongChina State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Hangzhou 310007China

In recent years, with the growth of wind energy resources,the capability of wind farms to damp low-frequency oscillations(LFOs) has provided a notable advantage for the stabilityenhancement of the modern power grid. Meanwhile, owingto variations in the power system operating point (OP), thedamping characteristics of LFOs may be affected adversely. Inthis respect, this paper presents a coordinated robust proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based damping control approachfor permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs)to effectively stabilize LFOs, while considering power system operationaluncertainties in the form of a polytopic model constructedby linearizing the power system under a given set ofOPs. The proposed approach works by modulating the DC-linkvoltage control loop of the grid-side converter (GSC) via a supplementaryPID controller, which is synthesized by transformingthe design problem into h-infinity static output feedback(SOF) control methodology. The solution of h-infinity SOF controlproblem involves satisfying linear matrix inequality (LMI)constraints based on the parameter-dependent Lyapunov functionto ensure asymptotic stability such that the minimal h-infinityperformance objective is simultaneously accomplished forthe entire polytope. The coordinated damping controllers forthe multiple wind farms are then designed sequentially by usingthe proposed approach. Eigenvalue analysis confirms the improveddamping characteristics of the closed-loop system forseveral representative OPs. Afterward, the simulation results, includingthe performance comparison with existing approaches,validate the higher robustness of the proposed approach for awide range of operating scenarios.

关键词： Permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) low-frequency oscillation(LFO) proportional-integralderivative(PID) robust control h-infinity static output feed-back control linear matrix inequality(LMI)