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Modeling and optimization of Terminalia catappa *** oil extraction using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Chinedu Matthew Agu Matthew chukwudi Menkiti Ekwe Bassey Ekwe Albert Chibuzor Agulanna Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Gregory UniversityUturuNigeria Materials and Energy Technology Department Projects Development Institute(PRODA)Emene Industrial AreaEnuguNigeria

In this study,response surface methodology(RSM)and artificial neural network(ANN)were used to optimize Terminalia catappa *** oil(TCKO)*** extraction method was used for the oil extraction,with n-hexane as the extracting *** highest oil yield was obtained at 55℃,150 min,and 0.5 *** physicochemical properties of the TCKO were determined using standard *** chromatographic(GC)analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)were respectively,used to determine the fatty acid composition and prevalent functional groups in *** optimum conditions of temperature,particle size and extraction time,the RSM predicted oil yield was 62.92%,which was validated as 60.34%,whereas ANN predicted yield was 60.39%,which was validated as 60.40%.The results of the physicochemical characterization of TCKO showed that the dielectric strength(DS),viscosity,flash and pour points values were 30.61 KV,20.29 mm^2 s^−1,260°C,and 3℃,*** characterization and FTIR results of TCKOindicated its potential industrial application,especially as transformer *** acids compositions result indicated that the oil was highly unsaturated;while XRD results of Terminalia catappa ***(TCK)samples obtained,both before and after extraction,showed difference in their peaks and corresponding intensities,due to the damage effect of ***,the obtained optimization results indicated that ANN was a better and more effective tool than RSM,due to its higher R^2 and lower RMS values.

关键词： Response surface methodology Artificial neural network Optimization Terminalia catappa L.kernel

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Avalanche activity and characteristics of its triggering factors in the western Tianshan Mountains,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第7期15卷 1397-1411页

作者： HAO Jian-sheng HUANG Fa-rong LIU Yang Amobichukwu chukwudi AMANAMBU LI Lan-hai State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 818 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 China. University of Chinese Academy of sciences Bering 100049 China Yili Station for Watershed Ecosystem Research Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 818 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 China. Xinjiang Regional Center of Resources and Environmental Science Instrument Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment in Central Asia No. 818 South Beijing Road Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 China

Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.

关键词： Snow avalanche Snow properties Snow climate Triggering conditions Risk management

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Correlation and path coefficient analyses of yield and yield components of eggplant (Solanum melongena) in a coarse-textured Ultisol

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 173-181页

作者： Vincent NOnyia Uchechukwu Paschal chukwudi Augustus Chika Ezea Agatha I.Atugwu Chikezie O.Ene Department of Crop Science University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Agriculture Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-AlikeNigeria Department of Crop Science North-West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa

Assessment of variability and understanding of traits relationship in eggplant species are vital pre-requisite for formulating an effective breeding *** studied 23 genotypes of eggplants in a coarse-textured Ultisol using a randomized complete block design experiment with three *** were collected on number of branches,number of leaves,number of nodes and internodes,stem diameter,plant height,floral and yield *** revealed significant(p=0.05)variation in the flowering and fruiting pattern of the genotypes.‘Yalo x K3BC2P10 gave the highest individual fruit weight of 80.8 *** fruit weight contributed the highest direct positive effect on the fruit *** acted majorly through plant height,number of branches,number of leaves and number of days to first fruit set as revealed in the path coefficient *** fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,plant height,number of days to 50%flowering,number of branches,numbers of days to first flowering and 50%fruit set had positive direct effect on *** traits should be considered in developing high yielding eggplant breeding programme.

关键词： Correlation Genetic improvement Path coefficient Solanum melongena Ultisol Yield

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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infection on the Hematology of Ducks and Chickens

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 113-121页

作者： Chekwube Paul Eze John Osita Arinze Okoye Innocent okonkwo Ogbonna Wilfred Sunday Ezema Didacus Chukwuemeka Eze Emmanuel chukwudi Okwor Christian Okorie-Kanu Kalu Idika Idika Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Microbiology Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria

The hematological lesions consequent upon velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection were investigated in 6-week-old ducks and chickens. Following intramuscular inoculation, the results indicated significantly lower (p < 0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) in infected chickens (IC) on days 3 - 9 post inoculation (PI) and in infected ducks (ID) on days 3 - 15 PI. The hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in IC on days 3, 6 and 15 PI while in the ID, they were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on days 3, 9 and 15 PI. The total erythrocyte counts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in IC on days 3, 9 and 15 PI and in ID, they were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 9 PI. The mean corpuscular values indicated macrocytic hypochromic anemia in IC and macrocytic normochromic anemia in ID. The leucogram showed leucopenia in IC and initial leucopenia followed by leucocytosis in ID. The hematological pictures of the velogenic NDV in this experiment indicate less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. The severity of this virus infection in chickens and the mild clinical signs and lesions presented by ducks showed that ducks are far less susceptible than chickens.

关键词： Velogenic Newcastle Disease Experimental Infection Hematology Ducks Chickens

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Evaluation of the Level and Impact of Selected Physiochemical Parameters of Fertilizer Effluent on Obinna River, Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第7期6卷 722-730页

作者： Chizoba Chinelo Agu Matthew chukwudi Menkiti Bernard Ibezim Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji Center for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

This work quantitatively evaluates the level and impact of selected physiochemical properties of fertilizer effluent on the Obinna River of Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria. The fertilizer effluent originated from surrounding farms and flushed into the Obinna River. Water samples were collected from designated points along the river and analysed for physical, chemical and biological properties using standard methods of APHA. Impact of selected key parameters such as nitrate, phosphate, manganese, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and heavy metals (lead, iron and manganese), was studied. The results of the parameters were compared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible standard for freshwater. Measured concentrations of phosphate (5.00, 7.21, 3.92 mg/L), manganese (1.53, 1.18, 1.47 mg/L) and lead (18.9, 21.7, 39.7 ppm) were found to be above the WHO standard while nitrate (0.04, 0.03, 0.03 mg/L) and iron (0.001, 0.001, 0.1 mg/L) were within the standard. The mean concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Fe (0.034) 1 to downstream S3, with manganese and lead being above WHO standard. The results showed a level of significance for the chi-square distribution and correlation coefficients while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results was conflicting. It could be inferred that the impact of the selected parameters contributed to the pollution of Obinna River.

关键词： Physiochemical Heavy Metals WHO Pollution Obinna River

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Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Portable Water Quality Monitoring System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2405-2424页

作者： Anabi Hilary Kelechi Mohammed H.Alsharif Anya chukwudi-eke Anya Mathias *** Samson Aiyudubie Uyi Peerapong Uthansakul Jamel Nebhen Ayman A.Aly Department of Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringAirForce Institute of TechnologyKadunaNigeria Department of Electrical Engineering College of Electronics and Information EngineeringSejong UniversityGwangjin-guSeoul05006Korea Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering College of EngineeringCovenant UniversityCanaanlandOtaP.M.B 1023OgunNigeria School of Telecommunication Engineering Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Computer Engineering and SciencesAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Water is one of the needs with remarkable significance to man and other living *** quality management is a concept based on the continuous monitoring of water *** monitoring scheme aims to accumulate data to make decisions on water resource descriptions,identify real and emergent issues involving water pollution,formulate priorities,and plan for water quality *** regularly considered parameters when conducting water quality monitoring are turbidity,pH,temperature,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand,ammonia,and metal *** usual method employed in capturing these water parameters is the manual collection and sending of samples to a laboratory for detection and ***,this method is impractical in the long run because it is laborious and consumes a considerable amount of human *** integrated into a mobile phone application interface can address this *** paper aims to design and implement an Internet of Things-based system comprising pH,temperature,and turbidity sensors,which are all integrated into a mobile phone application interface for a water monitoring *** project utilizes the Bluetooth Standard(IEEE 802.15.1)for communication/transfer of data,while the water quality monitoring system relies on the pH,turbidity,and temperature of the test water.

关键词： Temperature sensor pH sensor turbidity IoT water monitoring

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Incidence of Sub-Clinical Prostatic Disease at Autopsy in the University College Hospital, Ibadan

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Open Journal of Urology 2013年第2期3卷 80-86页

作者： chukwudi Okani Effiong Akang Olufemi Ogunbiyi Department of Pathology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria

This prospective study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence, histology and pathological features of different types of asymptomatic or sub clinical prostatic diseases. Prostate glands were obtained from 79 consecutive adult males aged 30 years and above who died from non-prostate related diseases at the University College Hospital Ibadan over an eighteen months period. The glands were weighed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The sampling method of the prostate gland described by Vainer et al. (2011) was employed in this study. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and were systematically examined for focal prostate disease. The patients’ ages ranged from 30 to 86 years. The most common lesions were nodular hyperplasia (81%), followed by adenocarcinoma (6.3%). Three cases (3.8%) had schistosomiasis. Adenocarcinoma and nodular hyperplasia occurred in relatively older patients than those with normal glands or chronic prostatitis/schistosomiasis (p = 0.05). There was an increase in weight of the prostate with age (p < 0.001) and normal prostate glands weighed significantly less than diseased glands (p = 0.02). Focal prostatic atrophy was observed in 24.1% and metaplastic changes were observed in eight (10.1%) of the cases. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was not seen in any case, not even amongst the adenocarcinomas. The low frequency of prostatic adenocarcinoma and the absence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in this study despite the observation of increasing number of prostatic carcinoma required further investigation. Schistosomiasis was also found to be present in the adult male population.

关键词： Prostate Adenocarcinoma Schistosomiasis Prostatitis Ibadan

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Application of Single Angle Turbidimetry on Coag-Flocculation Effect of <i>Detarium microcarpum</i>Seed in Brewery Effluent

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第6期5卷 416-429页

作者： Bernard Ibezim Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji Matthew chukwudi Menkiti Victor Ifeanyi Ugonabo Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Coagulation-flocculation is a proven technique for the removal of suspended solids in wastewater, through the application of single angle turbidimetric measurement. Through this measurement, the coag-flocculation kinetics and functional parameters behavior of Detarium microcarpumin brewery effluent with respect to pH, dosage and time were followed at room temperature. Process parameters such as order of reaction α, rate constant (K), coagulation period τ1/2 etc were determined. Results indicated that reaction order, rate constant, period, pH and dosage recorded optimum values at 2, 1.8 × 10-2 L/***, 0.152 min, 4 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Maximum efficiency recorded was 96.07% at 30 min. Detarium microcarpum has shown potential as an effective bio-coagulant for the removal of turbidity from brewery effluent.

关键词： Detarium microcarpum Coagulation-Flocculation Brewery Effluent Turbidimetry

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Parametric Response Evaluation for Xanthosoma spp. Induced Coag-Flocculation of Brewery Effluent

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2014年第1期4卷 7-14页

作者： Bernard Ibezimako Okolo Patrick chukwudi Nnaji Matthew chukwudi Menkiti Victor Ifeanyi Ugonabo Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Chemical Engineering Department Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Chemical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

This paper presents the kinetic and functional parametric behavior of cocoyam coagulant (CYC) in respect of pH and time variation in brewery effluent at room temperature. The study employed standard nephelometric jar test while CYC production was based on method reported by Ndabigengesere. Coag-flocculation parameter such as order of reaction α, rate constant K, coagulation period, τ1/2 etc. were determined. Maximum parameter values are recorded at K of 6 × 10-1 L/mg·min;dosage of 200 mg/L, pH 8 and τ1/2 of 0.00146 min while the minimum values are recorded at 3 × 10-7 L/mg, dosage of 100 mg/L, pH 10 and τ1/2 of 20.4 min. The maximum coag-flocculation efficiency E (%) obtained was 92.28, thus establishing CYC as a potential effective coag-flocculaant.

关键词： Cocoyam Brewery Effluent Coag-Flocculation Xanthosoma spp. Perikinetic

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Comparison of the Serum Proteins and Immune Responses of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Chickens and Ducks

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 122-128页

作者： Chekwube Paul Eze Vincent S. O. Shoyinka John Osita Arinze Okoye Wilfred Sunday Ezema Innocent okonkwo Ogbonna Didacus Chukwuemeka Eze Emmanuel chukwudi Okwor Ogbu Kenneth Ikejiofor Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Microbiology Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Nigeria

The effect of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) on the immune responses and serum proteins was investigated in six-week-old ducks and chickens. Results showed that weight loss was markedly significant (p < 0.05) from days 3 - 21 (PI) in chickens and mild (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 15 PI in ducks. The antibody response obtained showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in infected chickens (IC) than those of the infected ducks (ID). While the total serum protein and serum globulin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in IC on days 7 and 14 PI, they decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in ID only on day 21 PI. The immune responses and serum protein values in this experiment X-ray showed less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. This may be related to marked anorexia and severe dehydration observed in the latter consequent upon serum concentration. Ducks could be maintaining the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) as reservoir host.

关键词： Velogenic Newcastle Disease Experimental Infection Immune Response Serum Proteins Ducks Chickens

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