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Knowledge, Attitude and the Prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing among Sec.ndary In-Sc.ool Adolesc.nts in Orlu Loc.l Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2017年第2期7卷 77-91页

作者： anthony c. iwu Henry N. c.ineke kevin c. diwe chu.wu.a b. duru Kenec.i A. uwakwe Emmanuel c. Azuike ugochukwu c. Madub.eze chukwuyem Ab.jegah Emmanuel u. Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Family Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria

b.c.ground: Adolesc.nc. is a period of vulnerab.lity with the onset of multiple risky b.haviour whic. exposes them to HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and as suc., the timely introduc.ion and uptake of strategies like HIV c.unselling and Testing will reduc. transmission and provide ac.ess to preventive servic.s. Ob.ec.ive: To assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing among sec.ndary in-sc.ool adolesc.nts in Orlu Loc.l Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional analytic.l study design was used that selec.ed students aged 13 - 19 years in senior c.asses SS1 to SS3 attending sec.ndary sc.ools. Data was c.llec.ed using a pretested, semi-struc.ured questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. c.i square statistic.was c.mputed and p value was set at 0.05 signific.nt level. Results: Though most of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS (99%) and HIV c.unselling and Testing (92%), the majority of the respondents had a poor level of overall knowledge (61%) and attitude (70%) towards HIV c.unselling and Testing. The prevalenc. of HIV c.unselling and Testing amongst the respondents was very low (7%). Furthermore, there was a statistic.lly signific.nt relationship b.tween the level of overall knowledge and level of overall attitude towards HIV c.unselling and Testing (p c.nc.usion: Identifying and c.osing the gaps in their knowledge and attitude towards HIV c.unselling and Testing, will form the b.sis for the introduc.ion of adolesc.nt-tailored strategies that will further enc.urage and improve voluntary and c.nfidential uptake of HIV c.unselling and Testing among the adolesc.nts.

关键词： Hc. Knowledge Attitude Prevalenc. Adolesc.nts Nigeria

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Health c.re Seeking b.haviour and Predic.ors of c.mb.ned Orthodox and Traditional Health c.re utilization among Households in c.mmunities in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medic.ne 2017年第7期7卷 115-137页

作者： chu.wu.a b. du.u.anthony c. iwu Kenec.i A. uwakwe kevin c. diwe Irene A. Merenu chu.wu.a u. Okafor chukwuyem Ab.jegah ugochukwu c. Madub.eze Emmanuel u. Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Psyc.iatry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

b.c.ground: Health c.re seeking b.haviour is a c.mplex, dynamic.and multidimensional proc.ss that involves a sequenc. of remedial ac.ions that are influenc.d b. the interac.ion b.tween the individual, household and c.mmunity with the intention of addressing perc.ived ill health. Ob.ec.ive: To determine health c.re seeking attitude and b.haviour and the predic.ors of c.mb.ned orthodox and traditional health c.re use among households in c.mmunities in Owerri, Imo State. Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional design that used a multistage random sampling tec.nique to selec. 500 partic.pants from households in two c.mmunities in Owerri, Imo State. Data was c.llec.ed using a pretested, semi struc.ured questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. c.i square statistic. were c.mputed to determine signific.nt relationships and b.nary logistic.regression was used to determine predic.ors of c.mb.ned use. P was set at 0.05 signific.nc. level. Results: The results revealed that, while just more than half of the respondents (56.4%) had a moderate to good level of overall knowledge of health c.re, almost all of the respondents (96.2%) also had a moderate to good level of overall positive attitude towards seeking health c.re;with less than one third (29.4%) using c.mb.ned orthodox and traditional health c.re treatments. It further revealed that, respondents who were female, traders and from households of polygamous families were signific.ntly more likely to use c.mb.ned orthodox and traditional health c.re treatments (p duc.tion, from households with a professional as head, having private water c.oset toilets and earning a monthly inc.me of more than 50,000 Naira ($140) were signific.ntly less likely to use c.mb.ned orthodox and traditional health c.re treatments (p c.nc.usion: There is a need to b. more sensitive to the realities of the c.mb.ned use of orthodox and traditional treatments,

关键词： Health Seeking b.haviour c.mb.ned use Orthodox and Traditional Treatments Nigeria

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Oc.upational Hazards, Safety and Hygienic.Prac.ic.s among Timb.r Workers in a South Eastern State, Nigeria

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Oc.upational Diseases and Environmental Medic.ne 2016年第3期4卷 63-71页

作者： kevin c. diwe chu.wu.a b. du.u.anthony c. iwu Irene A. Merenu Kenec.i A. uwakwe uc.e R. Oluoha Tope b. Ogunniyan ugochukwu c. Madub.eze Ikec.i Ohale Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

b.c.ground: Timb.r workers, espec.ally in developing c.untries, are fac.d with c.allenges of prevention and c.ntrol of work plac. hazards and illnesses. Ob.ec.ive: To determine the awareness of oc.upational hazards, effec.s, safety and hygienic.prac.ic.s among timb.r workers in a South Eastern State in Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional desc.iptive design that used the total population of timb.r workers involved in the proc.ssing and marketing of wood in three major timb.r markets in a South Eastern State in Nigeria. Data was c.llec.ed using a pretested semistruc.ured questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. Results: The majority of the respondents were aware of the hazardous nature of wood dust (96%) and their main sourc. of awareness was from personal experienc.s (55%). In spite of the fac. that the predominant hazard effec.s in the majority were nose, throat irritation and c.ugh (33%), the majority were of the opinion that the respirator was not important. Only 13% of the respondents that use personal protec.ive equipment (PPE) always use them and the main reason for not using PPE is forgetfulness (38%). Proper hygiene and sanitation was poorly prac.ic.d, as all respondents indisc.iminately disposed of waste wood (100%) and ab.ut one third (33%) did not have a b.th after work eac. day. c.nc.usion: Timb.r workers in our environment are fac.d with inc.eased risks of diseases, ac.idents and c.allenges of protec.ion and safety. As a c.nsequenc., there is a need for proper educ.tion and enforc.ment of c.nsistent use of the different protec.ive devic.s.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Prac.ic. Oc.upational Hazard Timb.r Worker Imo Nigeria

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The Prac.ic. of Exc.usive b.eastfeeding and Its Soc.odemographic.Determinants amongst Nursing Mothers at a Tertiary Health c.re Institution in South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medic.ne 2017年第4期7卷 63-73页

作者： Henry N. c.ineke anthony c. iwu.kevin c. diwe chu.wu.a b. duru Kenec.i A. uwakwe Eyitayo E. Emmanuel uc.e R. Oluoha ugochukwu c. Madub.eze Emmanuel u. Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Department of Family Medic.ne Imo State university Teac.ing Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and c.mmunity Health Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

b.c.ground: b.eastfeeding is a natural and c.itic.l ac. that provides nutrients and energy for the infant and young c.ild;and through a pub.ic.health intervention suc. as exc.usive b.eastfeeding, it improves the survival rates of the infant. Ob.ec.ive: To determine the b.eastfeeding prac.ic.s and the soc.odemographic.determinants of exc.usive b.eastfeeding amongst nursing mothers present at the Imo state university teac.ing hospital Orlu. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional analytic.l study design was used that inc.uded all nursing mothers present within a 4 week study period. Data was c.llec.ed using a struc.ured questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. c.i square statistic. were c.mputed to determine signific.nt assoc.ations and b.nary logistic.regression was used to determine soc.odemographic.predic.ors of exc.usive b.eastfeeding prac.ic.. P value was set at 0.05 signific.nt level. Results: While most of the respondents were aware of exc.usive b.eastfeeding (92.5%), only 24% of the respondents were prac.ic.ng exc.usive b.eastfeeding. Work and sc.ool ac.ivities, and the feeling that b.east milk was insuffic.ent for the needs of the b.b. were the reasons for not prac.ic.ng exc.usive b.eastfeeding for a majority of the respondents (56.6%). Furthermore, 61% of those that were prac.ic.ng non-exc.usive b.east feeding gave a c.real or infant formula in addition to the b.east milk for 3 to 6 months. It was further revealed that there were statistic.lly signific.nt relationships b.tween b.eastfeeding prac.ic. and maternal age (p = 0.003), level of maternal educ.tion (p = 0.005) and maternal oc.upation (p = 0.006). c.nc.usion: understanding and taking into c.gnizanc. the soc.odemographic.c.arac.eristic. will enab.e the design, and adequate delivery of appropriate and effec.ive strategies that improve exc.usive b.eastfeeding prac.ic..

关键词： Exc.usive b.eastfeeding Soc.odemographic Determinants Nigeria

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Environmental Sanitation Prac.ic.s: A c.se Study of Solid Waste Management in Semi-urb.n c.mmunities in Orlu, Imo State Nigeria

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Oc.upational Diseases and Environmental Medic.ne 2017年第4期5卷 88-105页

作者： chu.wu.a b. du.u.anthony c. iwu.kevin c. diwe Kenec.i A. uwakwe Irene A. Merenu ugochukwu c.Madub.eze Ijeoma N. Okedo-Alex Emmanuel u. Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Ernest Nwaigb. Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

b.c.ground: Environmental sanitation is a fundamental proc.ss that is a key pub.ic.health intervention whic. is essential for soc.al, ec.nomic.and overall health development of c.mmunities. Ob.ec.ive: To determine Knowledge, Attitude and Prac.ic.s of Environmental Sanitation in Semi-urb.n c.mmunities in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss sec.ional desc.iptive design using a multistage random sampling tec.nique to selec. 426 partic.pants from households and b.siness premises in semi-urb.n c.mmunities in Orlu Loc.l Government Area of Imo State. Data was c.llec.ed using a pretested, semi struc.ured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic. to assess the respondents’ knowledge, attitude and prac.ic.s of environmental sanitation. Results: The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents’ was 37.0 ± 2.2 with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Despite high awareness ab.ut environmental sanitation (95.0%) reported among the respondents, proportion of them with good knowledge ab.ut environmental sanitation (22.9%), attitude (38.6%) and prac.ic. (20.8%) towards environmental sanitation was low. The mean quantity of waste generated per week per household or b.siness premise was 14.1 ± 0.94 kg with a majority of the respondents (80.0%), not separating their waste b.fore disposal. The c.mmonest solid waste c.mponent generated was organic.perishab.e materials (74.8%) and the c.mmonest disposal prac.ic. reported was open dumping (49.8%). c.nc.usion: A lot of attention is still required in the development of b.sic.sanitation infrastruc.ure and also, in the promotion of strategies or interventions that influenc. b.havioural c.ange towards environmental sanitation espec.ally in developing c.untries like Nigeria.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Prac.ic. Environmental Sanitation Sold Waste Management Nigeria

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Knowledge, Attitude and Prac.ic.s of Food Hygiene among Food Vendors in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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Oc.upational Diseases and Environmental Medic.ne 2017年第1期5卷 11-25页

作者： anthony c. iwu Kenec.i A. uwakwe chu.wu.a b. duru kevin c. diwe Henry N. c.ineke Irene A. Merenu uc.e R. Oluoha ugochukwu c. Madub.eze Emmanuel Ndukwu Ikec.i Ohale Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Family Medic.ne Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

b.c.ground: Food vendors play a c.itic.l food safety role in the “farm to plate” c.ntinuum that is nec.ssary for the prevention and c.ntrol of food b.rne diseases and therefore, any lac. of its understanding b. the food vendors poses a serious c.allenge to food safety. Ob.ec.ive: To assess the knowledge, attitude and hygienic.prac.ic.s of food vendors in Owerri town of Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a c.oss-Sec.ional desc.iptive design that used a proportionate c.nvenienc. sampling tec.nique to selec. 200 food vendors from the three Loc.l Government Areas (LGAs) in Owerri town. Data were c.llec.ed using a pretested semi-struc.ured interviewer administered questionnaire. Desc.iptive analyses were done with frequenc.es and summary statistic.. c.i square statistic. were c.mputed to determine signific.nt relationships and p value was set at 0.05 signific.nt level. Results: While a majority of the respondents had a good level of knowledge (81%) and positive attitude (71%) ab.ut food hygiene, only 37% of the respondents had a good level of hygienic.prac.ic.. It was revealed that 32% and 46% of the respondents rec.ived training on food hygiene and environmental health worker inspec.ion respec.ively. It was also revealed that, there were statistic.lly signific.nt relationships b.tween knowledge (p = 0.001), attitude (p = 0.000), formal training on food hygiene (p = 0.000) and the level of food hygienic.prac.ic.s. c.nc.usion: The pub.ic.health management of food vending servic.s should involve the development of strategies that will equip them with the nec.ssary knowledge and skills to provide vending servic.s in a hygienic.and safe manner.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Prac.ic. Food Hygiene Food Vendors Owerri Nigeria

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