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An updated empirical model for ground control in *** coal mines

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2021年第2期31卷 163-174页

作者： christopher Mark Mine safety and Health Administration PittsburghPA 15217USA

Multiple seam interactions are a major source of ground instability in several *** methods are well suited for this problem,because while the mechanics multiple seam interactions are very complex and poorly understood,many mining case histories are available for *** study makes use of an updated database that includes 356 multiseam case histories,including 67 unsuccessful *** paper describes in detail the process used to design the study,collect the data,conduct the statistical analysis,and develop the quantitative *** model can be used for mine planning in multiple seam situations,and has been made available as a module within the Analysis of Coal Pillar stability(ACPs)computer program.

关键词： Underground Coal Multiseam Ground control Pillar design Empirical

self‑Generated Buried submicrocavities for High‑Performance Near‑Infrared Perovskite Light‑Emitting Diode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 355-367页

作者： Jiong Li Chenghao Duan Qianpeng Zhang Chang Chen Qiaoyun Wen Minchao Qin christopher C.s.Chan shibing Zou Jianwu Wei Zuo Xiao Chuantian Zuo Xinhui Lu Kam sing Wong Zhiyong Fan Keyou Yan school of Environment and Energy State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and RecyclingSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510000People’s Republic of China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloon 999077Hong KongPeople’s Republic of China school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAs) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

ABsTRACT Embedding submicrocavities is an effective approach to improve the light out-coupling efficiency(LOCE)for planar perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs).In this work,we employ phenethylammonium iodide(PEAI)to trigger the Ostwald ripening for the downward recrystallization of perovskite,resulting in spontaneous formation of buried submicrocavities as light output *** simulation suggests the buried submicrocavities can improve the LOCE from 26.8 to 36.2%for near-infrared ***,PeLED yields peak external quantum efficiency(EQE)increasing from 17.3%at current density of 114 mA cm^(−2)to 25.5%at current density of 109 mA cm^(−2)and a radiance increasing from 109 to 487 W sr^(−1)m^(−2)with low *** turn-on voltage decreased from 1.25 to 1.15 V at 0.1 W sr^(−1)m^(−2).Besides,downward recrystallization process slightly reduces the trap density from 8.90×10^(15)to 7.27×10^(15)cm^(−3).This work provides a self-assembly method to integrate buried output coupler for boosting the performance of PeLEDs.

关键词： Perovskite light-emitting diodes Downward recrystallization Buried submicrocavities Light out-coupling efficiency Radiative recombination

Comparing children＇s Homo sapiens and chimpanzees＇ Pan troglodytes quantity judgments of sequentially presented sets of items

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 419-420,421-428页

作者： Michael J. BERAN Julie s. JOHNsON-PYNN christopher READY Language Research Center Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30302 USA Department of Psychology Berry College Mount Berry GA 30149 USA

We presented a quantity judgment task that involved comparing two sequentially presented sets of items to preschoolers and chimpanzees using nearly identical procedures that excluded verbal instructions to children. Trial difficulty in this task reflected the ratio difference between sets of discrete items where larger ratios (e.g., 0.80 as from comparing 4 to 5) were more difficult than smaller ones (e.g., 0.50 as from comparing 4 to 8). Children also completed verbal-based tasks probing the relationship between counting proficiency and performance on the quantity judgment task of sequentially presented identical sized items. Both species’ performance was best when ratios between comparison sets were small regardless of set size in all types of tasks. Generally, chimpanzees and older children performed better than younger children except at larger ratios. Children’s counting proficiency was not related to success in choosing the larger of two quantities of identical-sized items. These results indicate that chimpanzees and children share an approximate number sense that is reflected through analog magnitude estimation when comparing quantities.

关键词：学龄前儿童黑猩猩智人计数能力计算能力比率比例物种

MicroRNA-based therapeutics for optic neuropathy:opportunities and challenges

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 1996-1997页

作者： Heather K.Mak christopher K.s.Leung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Optic nerve degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide with glaucoma being the most common optic neuropathy,affecting approximately 76 million people worldwide in *** optic nerve comprises axons of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),the output neurons of the inner *** RGCs and axons from degeneration and regenerating RGC axons to preserve and recover vision in patients with progressive optic neuropathy is an unmet *** embryonic neurons,mature neurons of the mammalian central nervous system fail to regenerate their axons following *** age-related loss of axon regenerative capacity of RGCs over time renders vision loss from optic neuropathy *** failure of injured RGCs to regenerate axons is largely attributed to inhibitory molecules in the extrinsic environment and a change in the intrinsic molecular makeup of aging *** studies have demonstrated that RGCs require specific molecular signals for the stimulation of axon growth even without inhibitory molecules in the extrinsic environment,leading successive efforts to focus on uncovering the intrinsic signaling pathways that control axon extension during RGC development.

关键词： neuropathy degeneration stimulation

Repair of traumatic plasmalemmal damage to neurons and other eukaryotic cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1033-1042页

作者： George D.Bittner christopher s.spaeth Andrew D.Poon Zachary s.Burgess christopher H.Mc Gill Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at Austin

The repair（sealing） of plasmalemmal damage,consisting of small holes to complete transections,is critical for cell survival,especially for neurons that rarely regenerate cell *** first describe and evaluate different measures of cell *** measures,including morphological/ultra-structural observations,membrane potential,and input resistance,provide very ambiguous assessments of plasmalemmal *** contrast,measures of ionic current flow and dye barriers can,if appropriately used,provide more accurate *** describe the effects of various substances（calcium,calpains,cytoskeletal proteins,EsCRT proteins,m UNC-13,NsF,PEG） and biochemical pathways（PKA,PKC,PLC,Epac,cytosolic oxidation） on plasmalemmal sealing probability,and suggest that substances,pathways,and cellular events associated with plasmalemmal sealing have undergone a very conservative *** sealing,calcium ion influx mobilizes vesicles and other membranous structures（lysosomes,mitochondria,etc.） in a continuous fashion to form a vesicular plug that gradually restricts diffusion of increasingly smaller molecules and ions over a period of seconds to ***,we find no direct evidence that sealing occurs through the collapse and fusion of severed plasmalemmal leaflets,or in a single step involving the fusion of one large wound vesicle with the nearby,undamaged *** describe how increases in perikaryal calcium levels following axonal transection account for observations that cell body survival decreases the closer an axon is transected to the ***,we speculate on relationships between plasmalemmal sealing,Wallerian degeneration,and the ability of polyethylene glycol（PEG） to seal cell membranes and rejoin severed axonal ends – an important consideration for the future treatment of trauma to peripheral nerves.A better knowledge of biochemical pathways and cytoplasmic structures involved in plasmalemmal sealing might provide insights to develo

关键词： sealing traumatic eukaryotic vesicles axonal membranous closer biochemical vesicular muscular

In situ stabilization of arsenic in soil with organoclay,organozeolite,birnessite,goethite and lanthanum-doped magnetic biochar

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 764-776页

作者： saeed BAGHERIFAM Trevor C.BROWN christopher M.FELLOWs Ravi NAIDU sridhar KOMARNENI Chemistry-school of science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia) Global Centre for Environmental Remediation Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW 2308(Australia) Department of Ecosystem science and Management and Materials Research Institute 204 Energy and the Environment LaboratoryPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802(USA)

Arsenic(As)is a known carcinogen and naturally occurring semi-metal in soils and in the Earth's *** of soils and water with As poses a serious threat to millions of people worldwide due to its health hazards and toxicological ***,devising novel and efficient methods for remediation of contaminated areas has attracted a great deal of interest across the *** this study,we investigated the usefulness of synthetic birnessite,goethite,hexadecylpyridinium chloride-modified montmorillonite(HDPC-M),hexadecylpyridinium bromide-modified zeolite(HDPB-Z),and lanthanum(La)-doped magnetic biochar produced from eucalyptus bark(La-Euchar)as adsorbents at 10%dosage for As stabilization in a soil spiked with 1000 mg kg^(-1)*** effectiveness of the above adsorbents in As immobilization in soil was assessed using single-step extractions with 2 mol L^(-1)HNO_(3)and deionized water,the simplified bioaccessibility extraction test(sBET)method,and sequential extraction with the modified Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)*** of the adsorbents shifted the exchangeable fraction of As to more recalcitrant fractions and dramatically reduced the exchangeable fraction by 6%-99%and the extractable amounts with HNO_(3),deionized water,and sBET method by 30%-92%,17%-95%,and 12%-90%,respectively,compared to the unamended *** immobilizing effects of adsorbents on As decreased in the sequence of birnessite>La-Euchar>goethite>HDPB-Z>*** exhibited great affinity for As and drastically reduced As extractability by more than 90%in all single *** results revealed that HDPC-M,HDPB-Z,La-Euchar,birnessite,and goethite are promising immobilizing agents for in situ stabilization of As in terrestrial environments.

关键词： adsorbent bioaccessibility bioavailability environmental contamination immobilizing agent modified biochar modified clay remediation technique

Phalloplasty following penectomy for penile cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 460-466页

作者： Wai Gin Lee A.Nim christopher David J.Ralph University College London Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom st Peter’s Andrology LondonUnited Kingdom

Objective:Penile reconstruction or phalloplasty following penectomy can be offered where the functional penile length is inadequate for a man to void while standing or to have sexual *** is usually staged due to the complex surgical techniques *** narrative review describes the technical concepts and summarises the contemporary outcomes following phalloplasty in this challenging ***:A retrospective review of the English literature was performed between January 1946 till November *** data were synthesised and complemented by the expert opinion of the authors with 20 years of experience in this *** flaps are ideally designed with an integrated urethra or alternatively,a further free flap urethroplasty can be ***-plasty is further complicated following penectomy by scarring from the previous surgery and the potential loss of structures that would normally be present at the recipient ***:There are limited published data with a total of 19 men recorded in the *** the radial artery forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh flap have been described in this cohort of *** outcomes including standing micturition,sensation in the neo-phallus,and the ability to orgasm are *** quality of life and satisfaction was also good despite the high risk for long-term complications of the neophallus and donor ***:Phalloplasty following penectomy requires microsurgical transfer of a free flap or a pedicled flap to reconstruct a *** erectile device is inserted at a later stage to facilitate sexual intercourse,if *** scarring from penectomy and the potential loss of vasculature that would normally be present at the recipient site may further complicate *** and functional outcomes are acceptable based on the limited published experience to date.

关键词： Humans Male Myocutaneous flap or transplantation Penis or surgery Phalloplasty Reconstructive surgical procedures Retrospective study surgical flap Thigh or surgery Treatment outcome Urethra or surgery

Biomolecular mechanisms of epileptic seizures and epilepsy: a review

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Acta Epileptologica 2023年第4期6卷 201-222页

作者： Komang Trisna sumadewi saktivi Harkitasari David christopher Tjandra Anatomy-Histology Department Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceWarmadewa UniversityDenpasar80235Indonesia Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceWarmadewa UniversityDenpasar80235Indonesia Bachelor of Medicine study Program Faculty of MedicineUdayana UniversityDenpasar80234Indonesia

Epilepsy is a recurring neurological disease caused by the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This disease has caused about 50 new cases in 100,000 populations every year with the clinical manifestations of awareness loss, bruising, and mobility abnormalities. Due to the lack understanding of the pathophysiology behind the illness, a wide variety of medications are available to treat epilepsy. Epileptogenesis is the process by which a normally functioning brain undergoes alterations leading to the development of epilepsy, involving various factors. This is related to the inflammation which is driven by cytokines like IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) leads to neuronal hyperexcitability. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated microglia and astrocytes in epileptic tissue initiate an inflammatory cascade, heightening neuronal excitability and triggering epileptiform activity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains central nervous system integrity through its tight endothelial connections, but inflammation impact BBB structure and function which leads to immune cell infiltration. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway’s excessive activation influences epileptogenesis, impacting neuronal excitability, and synapse formation, with genetic mutations contributing to epilepsy syndromes and the modulation of autophagy playing a role in seizure onset. The apoptotic pathway contribute to cell death through glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, involving pro-apoptotic proteins like p53 and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the activation of caspases and the disruption of calcium homeostasis. Ionic imbalances within neural networks contribute to the complexity of epileptic seizures, involving alterations in voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, and the formation of diverse ion channel subtypes. Epileptogenesis triggers molecular changes in hippocampus, including altered neurogenesis and enhanced expression of neurotrophic factors and p

关键词： Epilectic seizures Epilepsy Epileptogenesis Molecular mechanism

Adaptively driven X-ray diffraction guided by machine learning for autonomous phase identification

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2036-2043页

作者： Nathan J.szymanski christopher J.Bartel Yan Zeng Mouhamad Diallo Haegyeom Kim Gerbrand Ceder Department of Materials science&Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Machine learning(ML)has become a valuable tool to assist and improve materials characterization,enabling automated interpretation of experimental results with techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electron *** ML models are fast once trained,there is a key opportunity to bring interpretation in-line with experiments and make on-the-fly decisions to achieve optimal measurement effectiveness,which creates broad opportunities for rapid learning and information extraction from ***,we demonstrate such a capability with the development of autonomous and adaptive *** coupling an ML algorithm with a physical diffractometer,this method integrates diffraction and analysis such that early experimental information is leveraged to steer measurements toward features that improve the confidence of a model trained to identify crystalline *** validate the effectiveness of an adaptive approach by showing that ML-driven XRD can accurately detect trace amounts of materials in multi-phase mixtures with short measurement *** improved speed of phase detection also enables in situ identification of short-lived intermediate phases formed during solid-state reactions using a standard in-house *** findings showcase the advantages of in-line ML for materials characterization and point to the possibility of more general approaches for adaptive experimentation.

关键词： phase diffraction autonomous