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Orgasm-associated urinary in continence(climacturia)following radical prostatectomy:a review of pathophysiology and current treatment options

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 549-554页

作者： christopher k.n.ady Jonathan Clavell-Hernandez Division of Urology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA St.Joseph Medical Center HoustonTX 77002USA

Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence,or climacturia,is a common side effect after radical prostatectomy(RP)that is gaining more attention due to the distress it causes to patients.A range of treatment options have been reported in the literature and are outlined in this *** goal of our study is to review the pathophysiology and current management options for climacturia following RP.A PubMed search was used to review the current literature relating to the pathophysiology and the treatment of postprostatectomy *** reviewed the currently available treatment options and their success rates for *** techniques were found to subjectively help improve the amount and bother of patients'*** include pelvic floor muscle training(PFMT),penile variable tension loop,soft silicone occlusion loop,artificial urethral sphincter,male urethral sling,and the Mini-Jupette *** rates ranged from 48%to 100%depending on the modality *** patients with erectile dysfunction and climacturia,the Mini-Jupette graft could be a valuable *** the lack of validated measurement tools and management options,climacturia has become a challenge for *** a condition that has not garnered much attention,there are several management options from conservative to invasive treatments that have shown a hopeful promise for the treatment of *** options should be discussed with patients to determine the best treatment for each *** clinical trials are n eeded to assess the efficacy and impact of the d iff ere nt treatme nt options before a defi nitive recommendation regarding management can be made.

关键词： climacturia male urethral sling Mini-Jupette graft orgasm-associated urinary inc on tinence prostate can cer radical prostatectomy

Colometer:A real-time quality feedback system for screening colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4270-4277页

作者： Dobromir Filip Xuexin Gao Leticia Angulo-Rodriguez Martin P Mintchev Shane M Devlin Alaa Rostom Wayne Rosen christopher n Andrews Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Calgary Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

AIM:To investigate the performance of a new software-based colonoscopy quality assessment ***:The software-based system employs a novel image processing algorithm which detects the levels of image clarity,withdrawal velocity,and level of the bowel preparation in a real-time fashion from live video *** levels of image blurriness and the withdrawal velocity below which the visualization could be considered adequate have initially been determined arbitrarily by review of sample colonoscopy videos by two experienced ***,an overall colonoscopy quality rating was computed based on the percentage of the withdrawal time with adequate visualization(scored 1-5;1,when the percentage was 1%-20%;2,when the percentage was 21%-40%,etc.).In order to test the proposed velocity and blurriness thresholds,screening colonoscopy withdrawal videos from a specialized ambulatory colon cancer screening center were collected,automatically processed and *** ratings on the withdrawal were compared to the insertion in the same ***,3 experienced endoscopists reviewed the collected videos in a blinded fashion and rated the overall quality of each withdrawal(scored 1-5;1,poor;3,average;5,excellent) based on 3 major aspects:image quality,colon preparation,and withdrawal *** automated quality ratings were compared to the averaged endoscopist quality ratings using Spearman correlation ***:Fourteen screening colonoscopies were *** polyps were detected in 4/14(29%) of the collected colonoscopy video *** a proof of concept,the Colometer software rated colonoscope withdrawal as having better visualization than the insertion in the 10 videos which did not have any polyps(average percent time with adequate visualization:79% ± 5% for withdrawal and 50% ± 14% for insertion,P ng which no polyps were removed ranged from 4-12 *** median quality rating from the automa

关键词： Colonoscopy Quality assurance Quality improvement Withdrawal time Colon cancer Bowel preparation

The complexity of sediment recycling as revealed by common Pb isotopes in k-feldspar

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第5期9卷 1515-1527页

作者： Simon P.Johnson christopher L.kirkland noreen J.Evans Brad J.McDonald Huntly n.Cutten Geological Survey of Western Australia Mineral House100 Plain StreetEast PerthWestern Australia6004Australia Centre for Exploration Targeting-Curtin node The Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied GeologyWestern Australian School of MinesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia John de Laeter Centre The Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied Geology and Applied PhysicsCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia

Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has become the gold standard in evaluating source to sink relationships in sedimentary basins. However, the physical and chemical robustness of zircon, which make it such a useful mineral for provenance studies, is also a hindrance as zircon can be recycled through numerous sedimentary basins, thus obscuring the first cycle source to sink relationship. An elegant approach to addressing this potential issue is to compare the Pb isotope composition of detrital k-feldspar, a mineral which is unlikely to survive more than one erosion-transport-deposition cycle, with that of magmatic k-feldspar from potential basement source terranes. Here we present new in situ Pb isotope data on detrital k-feldspar from two Proterozoic arkosic sandstones from Western Australia, and magmatic k-feldspar grains from potential igneous source rocks, as inferred by the age and Hf isotope composition of detrital zircon grains. The data indicate that the detrital zircon and k-feldspar grains could not have been liberated from the same source rocks, and that the zircon has most likely been recycled through older sedimentary basins. These results provide a more complete understanding of apparently simple source to sink relationships in this part of Proterozoic Western Australia.

关键词： Detrital zircon k-feldspar Pb isotopes Sediment provenance Sediment recycling

A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

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neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon Sen christopher Adams David n.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi k.n.ula nikolaos Tzerakis Divya M.Chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

African Cassava Whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,Resistance in African and South American Cassava Genotypes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 327-336页

作者： christopher A Omongo Robert kawuki Antony C Bellotti Titus Alicai Yona Baguma M n Maruthi Anton Bua John Colvin national Crops Resources Research Institute NamulongeP.O.Box 7084KampalaUganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) A.A.6713CaliColombia natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeChathamKent ME4 4TBUK

The whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,is a major pest of cassava,particularly in Africa where it is responsible both for the transmission of plant viruses and,increasingly,for direct damage due to feeding by high *** date,there have been no practical solutions to combat this emerging problem,due to the inability of the subsistence farmers that grow cassava to afford expensive inputs such as insecticides.A programme of research was carried out link.n. institutes in Africa,the Uk and South America,to identify possible resistance sources in cassava to the whitefly,Bemisia *** South American genotype MEcu 72 and several Ugandan cassava landraces including Ofumba Chai,nabwire 1 and Mercury showed good levels of resistance to *** and screen-house experiments showed that all of the improved,high-yielding cassava mosaic disease（CMD）resistant cassava genotypes assessed were highly susceptible to *** and supported high populations of all life *** data support the hypothesis that the continuing high populations of cassava *** in Uganda are due,in part,to the widespread adoption of CMD-resistant cassava varieties during the CMD *** also show that the whitefly,Aleurotrachelus socialis,resistance present in the South American cassava genotypes could have broader applicability in the Old World.

关键词： whitefly resistance cassava direct pest Africa South America

Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： Flavia TERMIGnOnI-GARCIA Matthew I.M.LOUDER christopher n.BALAkRISHnAn Lauren O’COnnELL Scott V.EDWARDS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of *** advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped,in some cases,confirming predictions of k.n.selection *** for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB,primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which modern-omics approaches,in particular genome sequencing,transcriptomics,and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of ana-lysis of avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenom-ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream,context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics.-Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time,but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or *** of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB,and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny

Stability and transferability assessment of the cotton fiber strength QTL qFS-c7-1 on chromosome A07

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The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 380-386页

作者： David D.Fang Linghe Zeng Gregory n.Thyssen christopher D.Delhom Efrem Bechere Don C.Jones Ping Li Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMS 38776USA Cotton Chemistry&Utilization Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Incorporated CaryNC 27513USA

Previously we identified a major cotton fiber strength QTL(qFS-c7-1)on chromosome A07 using a multiparent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC)*** assess the stability and transferability of this QTL and its utility in cotton breeding,we made ten new *** populations were developed from crosses between MAGIC recombinant inbred lines,or between cotton cultivars that are different from the MAGIC parents.A total of 2801 F_(2) plants were grown and their fiber quality traits were *** also selected a subset of F_(3) seeds from two populations,and grew F_(3) progeny plots to further evaluate the stability of this *** results showed that the peak of qFS-c7-1 is at 70–72 Mb *** QTL had a major effect on fiber strength explaining 21.9%phenotypic *** effect on other fiber quality attributes such as micronaire,short fiber content,length and uniformity varied between populations,and no effect on fiber elongation was *** QTL effects were stable in the populations analyzed,and in different generations of the same *** SSR and SnP markers near and within the QTL peak reported herein will assist selecting superior fiber quality traits in breeding,with a recommendation that the parental cotton lines should be analyzed using the seven DnA markers within the QTL peak before fully implementing marker assisted selection in a cotton breeding program.

关键词： Cotton Fiber quality Fiber strength MAGIC population qFS-c7-1

Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： natasha Logan Claire McVey christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimick.n. activity of gold nanoparticles(AunPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the naCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AunPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in naCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OEG-AunPs for the oxidation of TMB was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drink.n. water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

Generalized Boltzmann solution for non-equilibrium flows and the computation of flowfields of binary gas mixture

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Propulsion and Power Research 2012年第1期1卷 48-57页

作者： Baoguo Wang Geng Qian Ramesh k.Agarwal christopher D.Wilson School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA Boeing Company St.LouisMO 63166USA

Hypersonic flows about space vehicles produce flowfields in thermodynamic non-equilibrium with the local knudsen numbers kn which may lie in all the three regimes:continuum,transition and *** flows can be modeled accurately by solving the navier–Stokes(nS)equations;however,the flows in transition and rarefied regimes require a k.n.tic approach such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC)method or the solution of the Boltzmann *** Boltzmann equation and the general solution approach,using the splitting method,will be introduced in this *** of the method used for solving both the classical Boltzmann equation(CBE)and the generalized Boltzmann equation(GBE)are also *** gas mixture discussed in this paper may consist of both monoatomic and diatomic *** particular,the method is applied to simulate two of the three primary constituents of air(n_(2),O_(2),and Ar)in a binary mixture at 1:1 density ratio at Mach 2 and 5,with gases in translational,rotational and vibrational non-equilibrium.

关键词： Generalized Boltzmann equation non-equilibrium flow Monoatomic gas Diatomic gas Splitting method