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Melanization in living organisms: a perspective of species evolution

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 830-841页

作者： christopher j vavricka Bruce M.Christensen jianyong Li CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CASPMI)Beijing 100101China Department of Pathobiology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Eumelanin is a heteropolymer that is generally composed of hydroxylated indole residues and plays diverse protective functions in various *** is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and production of melanin is a highly complex oxidative process with a number of steps that can either proceed enzymatically or *** melanin plays important protective roles in many species,during melanization,particularly in steps that can proceed non-enzymatically,many toxic intermediates are produced,including semiquinones,dopaquinone,indole-quinones and moreover,the production of many reactive oxygen *** mitigate the production of reactive species,a number of proteins that regulate the biochemical process of melanization have evolved in various living species,which is closely related to adaptation and physiological *** this communication,we discuss differences between non-enzymatic and enzymatic processes of melanization and the enzymatic regulation of melanization in difference species with an emphasis on differences between mammals and *** between melanization and insect sclerotization is also emphasized which raises some interesting questions about the current models of these pathways.

关键词： melanization melanogenesis sclerotization tanning dopa tyrosinase dopachrome tautomerase

What job can a bug give?A controversy over the arsenic-guzzling bacterium cultured by NASA

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Protein & Cell 2011年第4期2卷 261-263页

作者： Mingwei Sun christopher j.vavricka Baoli Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CASPMI)Beijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The mysteries of life’s evolution on our planet drive us to explore the limits of *** forms on Earth as we know are composed of six essential elements:carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,sulfur and ***,a recently published research work funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),USA,has almost shaken the fundamental knowledge about what is life made of on *** research team led by NASA astrobiologist Felisa Wolfe-Simon described a microbe isolated from California’s Mono Lake that could sustain its growth by using toxic chemical arsenic(As)instead of phosphorus(P).This surprising discovery was published online by Science Express on December 2 last year(Wolfe-Simon et al.,2010,online).If the authors of the paper were right,we would have to expand our definition of life on this *** arsenic-bug they grew was dubbed GFAj-1,which interestingly stands for“Give Felisa A job.”

关键词： bug planet Express

Tyrosine aminotransferase: biochemical and structural properties and molecular dynamics simulations

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1023-1032页

作者： Prajwalini Mehere Qian Han justin A.Lemkul christopher j.vavricka Howard Robinson David R.Bevan jianyong Li Department of Biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Biology Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

Tyrosine aminotransferase(TAT)catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine and other aromatic amino *** enzyme is thought to play a role in tyrosinemia type II,hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma *** objective of this study is to investigate its biochemical and structural characteristics and substrate specificity in order to provide insight regarding its involvement in these *** TAT(mTAT)was cloned from a mouse cDNA library,and its recombinant protein was produced using Escherichia coli cells and purified using various chromatographic *** recombinant mTAT is able to catalyze the transamination of tyrosine usingα-ketoglutaric acid as an amino group acceptor at neutral *** enzyme also can use glutamate and phenylalanine as amino group donors and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate,phenylpyruvate and alpha-ketocaproic acid as amino group *** macromolecular crystallography we have determined the mTAT crystal structure at 2.9Å*** crystal structure revealed the interaction between the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate cofactor and the enzyme,as well as the formation of a disulphide *** detection of disulphide bond provides some rational explanation regarding previously observed TAT inactivation under oxidative conditions and reactivation of the inactive TAT in the presence of a reducing *** dynamics simulations using the crystal structures of Trypanosoma cruzi TAT and human TAT provided further insight regarding the substrate-enzyme interactions and substrate *** biochemical and structural properties of TAT and the binding of its cofactor and the substrate may help in elucidation of the mechanism of TAT inhibition and activation.

关键词： tyrosine aminotransferase crystal structure substrate specificity tyrosine tyrosinemia

Atypical group 1 neuraminidase pH1N1-N1 bound to a group 1 inhibitor

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Protein & Cell 2015年第10期6卷 771-773页

作者： Ying Wu christopher j. vavricka Yan Wu Qina Li Santosh Rudrawar Robin j.Thomson Mark yon Itzstein George F. Gao jianxun Qi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Nathan QLD 4222 Australia

Influenza virus is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and is the causative agent of seasonal and pandemic flu.

关键词： Influenza Influenza Virus Oseltamivir Plaque Reduction Assay I149V Mutant

Crystal structure of the swine-origin A (H1N1)- 2009 influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) reveals similar antigenicity to that of the 1918 pandemic virus

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Protein & Cell 2010年第5期1卷 459-467页

作者： Wei Zhang jianxun Qi Yi Shi Qing Li Feng Gao Yeping Sun Xishan Lu Qiong Lu christopher j.vavricka Di Liu jinghua Yan George F.Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Life Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Network Information Center Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Influenza virus is the causative agent of the seasonal and occasional pandemic *** current H1N1 influenza pandemic,announced by the WHO in june 2009,is highly contagious and responsible for global economic losses and *** the H1N1 gene segments have three origins in terms of host species,the virus has been named swine-origin influenza virus(S-OIV)due to a predominant swine origin.2009 S-OIV has been shown to highly resemble the 1918 pandemic virus in many *** is responsible for the host range and receptor binding of the virus and is therefore a primary indicator for the potential of *** sequence analysis of the 2009 S-OIV hemagglutinin(HA)reveals its closest relationship to that of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus,however,analysis at the structural level is necessary to critically assess the functional *** this report,we report the crystal structure of soluble hemagglutinin H1(09H1)at 2.9Å,illustrating that the 09H1 is very similar to the 1918 pandemic HA(18H1)in overall structure and the structural modules,including the five defined antiboby(Ab)-binding *** results provide an explanation as to why sera from the survivors of the 1918 pandemics can neutralize the 2009 S-OIV,and people born around the 1918 are resistant to the current pandemic,yet younger generations are more susceptible to the 2009 pandemic.

关键词： Influenza virus pandemic 2009 1918 S-OIV hemagglutinin(HA) structure

Induced opening of influenza virus neuraminidase N2 150-loop suggests an important role in inhibitor binding

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Induced opening of influenza virus neuraminidase N2 150-loop...