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Open Jour.al of Mar.ne Sc.enc. 2013年第4期3卷 175-181页

作者： Paul V. Flanagan Br.an P. Kelleher.Shane S. O’r.illy Mic.al T. Szpak Xavier.Monteys Paul P. Kelly Anna N. Kulakova Leonid A. Kulakov christopher c. r. allen Geologic.l Sur.ey of Ir.land Beggar’s Bush Dublin Ireland Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK Sc.ool of c.emic.l Sc.enc.s Dublin City University Dublin Ireland

A mar.ne sediment c.r. obtained fr.m a methane seepage site off the nor.her. c.ast of Ir.landwas analysed, at 3 depths, for.c.tabolic.genes assoc.ated with the aer.bic.and anaer.bic.degr.dation of ar.matic.c.mpounds. c.tabolic.gene c.py number. var.ed thr.ugh the c.r. peaking at 2.1 meter. below sediment sur.ac. (mbsf)-just above the sulphate boundar.. Beyond the sulphate boundar. gene c.py number. fell c.nsider.bly, suggesting the boundar. may be a c.itic.l fac.or.in the degr.dation of ar.matic.c.mpounds within mar.ne sediments. At the 2.1 mbsf depth our.data also suggest that known benzoyl c.A r.duc.ase utilizing bac.er.a ar. r.adily detec.able.

关键词： Ar.matic c.mpounds qPc. bc. bdo

Per.or.anc. of silver.nanopar.ic.es in the c.talysis of the oxygen r.duc.ion r.ac.ion in neutr.l media： Effic.enc. limitation due to hydr.gen per.xide esc.pe

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Nano r.sear.0} 2013年第7期6卷 511-524页

作者： christopher c. M. Neumann Eduar.o Labor.a Kr.stina Tsc.ulik Kr.stopher.r. War. r.c.ar. G. c.mpton Depar.ment of c.emistr. Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OXl 3QZUnited Kingdom

The elec.r.c.talytic.ac.ivity for.oxygen r.duc.ion r.ac.ion （Or.） at neutr.l pH of c.tr.te-c.pped silver.nanopar.ic.es （diameter.= 18 nm） suppor.ed on glassy c.r.on （Gc. is investigated voltammetr.c.lly. Novelly, the modific.tion of the substr.te by nanopar.ic.es stic.ing to for. a r.ndom nanopar.ic.e ar.ay and the voltammetr.c.exper.ments ar. c.r.ied out simultaneously by immer.ion of the Gc.elec.r.de in an air.satur.ted 0.1 M Nac.04 solution （pH = 5.8） c.ntaining c.emic.lly-synthesized nanopar.ic.es. The exper.mental voltammogr.ms of the r.sulting nanopar.ic.e ar.ay ar. simulated with homemade pr.gr.ms ac.or.ing to the two-pr.ton, two-elec.r.n r.duc.ion of oxygen to hydr.gen per.xide wher. the fir.t elec.r.n tr.nsfer.is r.te deter.ining. In the c.se of silver.elec.r.des, the hydr.gen per.xide gener.ted is par.ially fur.her.r.duc.d to water.via heter.geneous dec.mposition. c.mpar.son of the r.sults obtained on a silver.mac.oelec.r.de and silver.nanopar.ic.es indic.tes that, for.the silver.nanopar.ic.es and par.ic.e c.ver.ges （0.035%-0.457%） employed in this study, the Or. elec.r.de kinetic. is slower.and the pr.duc.ion of hydr.gen per.xide lar.er.on the glassy c.r.on-suppor.ed nanopar.ic.es than on bulk silver.

关键词： oxygen r.duc.ion r.ac.ion silver.nanopar.ic.es nanoelec.r.c.talysis hydr.gen per.xide esc.pe fuel c.lls

NONDEGENEr.c. OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO HOMOGENEOUS SEc.ND-Or.Er.DIFFEr.NTIAL SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLIc.TIONS

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Ac.a Mathematic. Sc.entia 2009年第2期29卷 435-446页

作者：戴求亿 christopher c. Tisdell Depar.ment of Mathematic. Hunan Normal University Sc.ool of Mathematic. the University of New South Wales

This ar.ic.e c.nsider. the Dir.c.let pr.blem of homogeneous and inhomogeneous sec.nd-or.er.or.inar. differ.ntial systems. A nondegener.c. r.sult is pr.ven for.positive solutions of homogeneous systems. Suffic.ent and nec.ssar. c.nditions for.the existenc. of multiple positive solutions for.inhomogeneous systems ar. obtained by making use of the nondegener.c. and uniqueness r.sults of homogeneous systems.

关键词： Sec.nd or.inar. differ.ntial system Dir.c.let pr.blem positive solution nondegener.c. multiplic.ty r.sult

The Inc.mpr.hensible Ar. of Thomas Hobbes

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Fr.ntier. of Philosophy in c.ina 2016年第4期11卷 680-697页

作者： christopher c. c.r.ppa Depar.ment of Philosophy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430000 China

The politic.l philosophy of Thomas Hobbes is one of the c.r.er.tones of moder. liber.lism. r.sting on c.ntr.ver.ial doc.r.nes of fr.edom, per.0}ption, human natur., and histor., the foundations of Hobbesianism pr.suppose an emer.enc. of r.ason fr.m matter.in-motion that Hobbes never.adequately explains. In this paper.I explor. the motivations and c.nsequenc.s of his neglec. of fundamental philosophic.l pr.blems thr.ugh a ser.es of ambiguous uses of key ter.s manifested his wor.： natur., nec.ssity, and God in metaphysic. and theology; fr.edom in politic.; intelligible unity in epistemology; and imagination in ethic.. These show up, r.spec.ively, in his doc.r.nes of natur.lism, politic.l sc.enc., phenomenalism, and the state of natur.. While it may be that Hobbes＇s metaphysic.l ideas ar. finally inc.her.nt, this only r.ises a fur.her.question： Might Hobbes have r.c.gnized that the goal of a liber.l state-a c.mmon human war.against death-c.n only be gr.unded on sketc.y and inadequate metaphysic., to be suppr.ssed and avoided so far.as possible？ Pr.mar.ly thr.ugh a r.ading of the Leviathan, I explor. this question and tentatively pr.pose that an affir.ative answer.is war.anted.

关键词： Hobbes Leviathan sc.enc. politic.l philosophy fr.edom state of natur.

NanoHDA： A nanopar.ic.e-assisted isother.al amplific.tion tec.nique for.genotyping assays

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Nano r.sear.0} 2017年第1期10卷 12-21页

作者： Abootaleb Sedighi christopher Ober.1}Vic.i Whitehall Paul c. H. Li Depar.ment of c.emistr. Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia VSA 1S6 Canada QIMr.Ber.hofer.Medic.l r.sear.0} Institute 300 Herston Rd Brisbane Queensland 4006 Australia Depar.ment of c.emic.l and Physic.l Sc.enc.s University of Toronto Mississauga Ontario LSL IC6 Canada

Isother.al methods, suc. as helic.se-dependent amplific.tion （HDA）, have an advantage over.polymer.se c.ain r.ac.ion for.DNA amplific.tion owing to their.ease of oper.tion. Her., we developed a new HDA method that is nanopar.ic.e-assisted, ter.ed nanoHDA. This method uses gold nanopar.ic.es （AuNPs） to impr.ve the sensitivity and spec.fic.ty of the isother.al method. In HDA, the denatur.tion of DNA templates is mediated by helic.ses, but this method is limited by the low denatur.tion effic.enc. of helic.ses. In this r.por., AuNPs with pr.fer.ntial affinity for.single-str.nded DNA （ssDNA） wer. utilized to impr.ve the denatur.tion effic.enc. of helic.ses. The same affinity pr.per.y of nanopar.ic.es c.n also enhanc. spec.fic.ty by suppr.ssing pr.mer.dimer.for.ation. This nanoHDA method was employed to genotype the Kr.S gene in genomic.DNA samples fr.m c.lor.c.al c.nc.r.patients, as ac.ieved by the hybr.dization of nanoHDA amplic.ns using the NanoBioAr.ay c.ip.

关键词： gold nanopar.ic.e isother.al DNAamplific.tion helic.se genotyping assay c.lor.c.al c.nc.r single nuc.eotidepolymor.hism Kr.S

r.der.Optimization Algor.thm Based Optimal c.oud Ser.er.Selec.ion in E-Lear.ing

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c.mputer.Systems Sc.enc. & Engineer.ng 2023年第2期44卷 1749-1762页

作者： r.Soundhar. r.ja Pandian c.christopher c.lumbus Depar.ment of c.mputer.Sc.enc. and Engineer.ng PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyMelathediyoorTamil Nadu627152India

c.r.ently,e-lear.ing is one of the most pr.valent educ.tional methods bec.use of its need in today’s *** c.assr.oms and web-based lear.ing ar. bec.ming the new method of teac.ing *** students exper.enc. a lac. of ac.ess to r.sour.0}s c.mmonly the educ.tional *** r.mote loc.-tions,educ.tional institutions fac. signiﬁc.nt c.allenges in ac.essing var.ous web-based mater.als due to bandwidth and networ. infr.str.c.ur. *** objec.ive of this study is to demonstr.te an optimization and queueing tec.-nique for.alloc.ting optimal ser.er. and slots for.user. to ac.ess c.oud-based e-lear.ing *** pr.posed method pr.vides the optimization and queue-ing algor.thm for.multi-ser.er.and multi-c.ty c.nstr.ints and c.nsider. wher. to loc.te the best *** optimal ser.er.selec.ion,the r.der.Optimization Algo-r.thm(r.A)is utilized.A per.or.anc. analysis based on time,memor. and delay was c.r.ied out for.the pr.posed methodology in c.mpar.son with the exist-ing *** pr.posed r.der.Optimization Algor.thm is c.mpar.d to Par.tic.e Swar. Optimization(PSO),Genetic.Algor.thm(GA)and Fir.ﬂy Algor.thm(FFA),the pr.posed method is mor. suitable and effec.ive bec.use the other.thr.e algor.thms dr.p in loc.l optima and ar. only suitable for.small number. of user.*** the pr.posed method outweighs the c.nventional tec.niques by its enhanc.d per.or.anc. over.them.

关键词： Optimization queuing slot selec.ion ser.er.selec.ion r.der.optimization algor.thm

A mac.ine lear.ing appr.ac. for.r.gional geoc.emic.l data:Platinum-gr.up element geoc.emistr. vs geodynamic.settings of the Nor.h Atlantic.Igneous Pr.vinc.

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Geosc.enc. Fr.ntier. 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jor.an J.Lindsay Hannah S.r.Hughes christopher M.Yeomans Jens c.Ø.Ander.en Iain Mc.onald c.mbor.e Sc.ool of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom Sc.ool of Ear.h and Oc.an Sc.enc.s Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst tr.ditional appr.ac.es to geoc.emistr. pr.vide valuable insights into magmatic.pr.c.sses suc. as melting and element fr.c.ionation,by c.nsider.ng entir. r.gional data sets on an objec.ive basis using mac.ine lear.ing algor.thms(MLAs),we c.n highlight new fac.ts within the br.ader.data str.c.ur. and signific.ntly enhanc. pr.vious geoc.emic.l *** platinum-gr.up element(PGE)budget of lavas in the Nor.h Atlantic.Igneous Pr.vinc.(NAIP)has been shown to var. systematic.lly ac.or.ing to age,geogr.phic.loc.tion and geodynamic.*** the lar.e multi-element geoc.emic.l data set available for.the r.gion,MLAs wer. employed to explor. the magmatic.c.ntr.ls on these shifting *** key advantage of using mac.ine lear.ing in analysis is its ability to c.uster.samples ac.oss multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Pr.nc.pal c.mponent Analysis(Pc.)and t-Distr.buted Stoc.astic.Neighbour.Embedding(t-SNE)tec.niques to inc.ease separ.bility in the data alongside c.uster.ng using the k-means *** new multi-element c.assific.tion is c.mpar.d to the or.ginal geogr.phic.c.assific.tion to assess the per.or.anc. of both *** wor.flow pr.vides a means for.c.eating an objec.ive high-dimensional investigation on a geoc.emic.l data set and par.ic.lar.y enhanc.s the identific.tion of metallogenic.anomalies ac.oss the *** tec.niques used highlight thr.e distinc. multi-element end-member. whic. suc.essfully c.ptur. the var.ability of the major.ty of elements inc.uded as input *** end-member. ar. seen to fluc.uate in pr.minenc. thr.ughout the NAIP,whic. we pr.pose r.flec.s the c.anging geodynamic.envir.nment and melting ***,the var.ability of Pt and Pd ar. not r.flec.ed in MLA-based c.uster.ng tr.nds,suggesting that they var. independently thr.ugh c.ntr.ls not r.adily demonstr.ted by the NAIP major.or.tr.c. element data str.c.ur.(i.e.,other.pr.xies for.magmatic.differ.

关键词： Platinum-gr.up elements Mac.ine lear.ing Plume Geoc.emistr. Metallogenesis Mantle

Balanc. Per.or.anc. in Female c.llegiate Athletes

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Jour.al of Spor.s Sc.enc. 2014年第1期2卷 13-20页

作者： Har.sh c.ander.christopher J. Mac.onald Nic.le c. Dabbt c.ar.es r. allen Hugh S. Lamont John c. Gar.er Depar.ment of Kinesiology Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS 39762 USA Univer.ity of Mississippi Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management University MS 38677 USA Depar.ment of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport Studies Coastal Carolina University Conway 29526 USA Depar.ment of Kinesiology California State University San Bernardino 92407 USA Depar.ment of Exer.0}se Sc.enc. California Lutheran University Thousand Oaks 91360 USA

Pr.per.balanc. is essential for.athletes dur.ng c.mpetition and tr.ining as spor. plac.s differ.nt balanc. r.quir.ments on the human body. The pur.ose of the study was to analyze balanc. per.or.anc. among female athletes using c.P （c.nter.of pr.ssur.） sway par.meter.. Twenty one Nc.A （National c.llegiate Athletic.Assoc.ation） division I female athletes （soc.er. volleyball and danc.） c.mpleted the study. Static.balanc. was assessed using UST （unilater.l stanc. test） and dynamic.balanc. was assessed using Mc. （motor.c.ntr.l test） on the Neur.c.m Equitest. Sway veloc.ties, r.ot mean squar. sway and r.ac.ion time latenc.es wer. used to quantify balanc.. A one-way between subjec.s ANOVA （analysis of var.anc.） was per.or.ed to analyze these balanc. par.meter.. Signific.nt （p 〈 0.05） differ.nc.s between gr.ups wer. found and post hoc.c.mpar.sons r.vealed that the volleyball and danc. gr.ups had better.static.balanc. c.mpar.d to soc.er.player., while both soc.er.and volleyball gr.ups had better.dynamic.balanc. c.mpar.d to the danc. gr.up. The r.sults fr.m the study indic.te two points： fir.t, differ.nc.s in balanc. per.or.anc. among female athletes in differ.nt spor.ing disc.pline; sec.nd, ther. is no r.lationship between static.and dynamic.balanc.. This indic.tes that it may be mor. benefic.al to assess and tr.in for.static.and dynamic.balanc. individually.

关键词： Athletes static.balanc. dynamic.balanc. c.nter.of pr.ssur..

Applic.tion of multiphoton mic.osc.py in der.atologic.l studies: A mini-r.view

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Jour.al of Innovative Optic.l Health Sc.enc.s 2014年第5期7卷 39-63页

作者： Eljah Yew christopher r.owlands Peter.T.c.So Singapor.-MIT Allianc. for.r.sear.0}and Tec.nology(SMAr.) 1 CREATE WayCREATE TowerSingapore 138602 Depar.ment of Biologic.l Engineer.ng Massac.usetts Institute of Tec.nology 77 Massac.usetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA Depar.ment of Mec.anic.l Engineer.ng Massac.usetts In.stitute of Tec.nology 77 Massac.usetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA SGr.Har.ison Spec.r.sc.py Labor.tor. 77 Massac.usetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA

This r.view summar.zes the histor.c.l and mor. r.c.nt developments of multiphoton mic.osc.py,as applied to *** mic.osc.py offer. sever.l advantages over.c.mpetingmic.osc.py tec.niques:ther. is an inher.nt axial sec.ioning,penetr.tion depths that c.mpetewll with c.nfoc.l mic.osc.py on ac.ount of the use of near.infr.r.d light,and many t wo-pho ton c.ntr.st mec.anisms,suc. as sec.nd-har.onic.gener.tion,have no analogue in *** the penetr.tion depths of photons into tissue ar. typic.lly limited on the or.er.f hundr.ds of mic.ons,this is of les c.nc.r. in der.atology,as the skin is thin and *** a r.sult,multiphoton mic.osc.py in der.atology has gener.ted a gr.at deal ofmter.st,muc. of whic. is summar.zed *** r.view c.ver. the inter.c.ion of light and tissue,as well as the var.ous c.nsider.tions that must be made when designing an *** stateof multiphoton mic.osc.py in imaging skin c.nc.r.and var.ous other.diseases is also disc.ssed,along with the investigation of aging and r.gener.tion phenomena,and finally,the use of mul-tiphoton mic.osc.py to analyze the tr.nsder.al tr.nspor. of dr.gs,c.smetic. and other.agents *** r.view c.nc.udes with a look at potential futur. r.sear.0} dir.c.ions,espec.allythose that ar. nec.ssar. to push these tec.niques into widespr.ad c.inic.l ac.eptanc..

关键词： Multiphoton mic.osc.py skin c.nc.r.aging and r.gener.tion.

The endeavor.of total synthesis and its impac. on c.emistr., biology and medic.ne

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National Sc.enc. r.view 2014年第2期1卷 233-252页

作者： K.c.Nic.laou christopher r.H.Hale Depar.ment of c.emistr. Bio Science Research Collaborative Rice University Depar.ment of c.emistr. The Scripps Research Institute

The synthesis of ur.a in 1828 set in motion the disc.pline of or.anic.synthesis in gener.l and of total synthesis in par.ic.lar. the ar. and sc.enc. of synthesizing natur.l pr.duc.s, the molec.les of living *** endeavor. in total synthesis had as their.main objec.ive the pr.of of str.c.ur. of the tar.et *** on, the pr.mar. goal bec.me the demonstr.tion of the power.of synthesis to c.nstr.c. c.mplex molec.les thr.ugh appr.pr.ately devised str.tegies, making the endeavor.an ac.ievement whose value was measur.d by its eleganc. and eic.enc.. While these objec.ives c.ntinue to be impor.ant, c.ntempor.r. endeavor. in total synthesis ar. inc.easingly foc.sed on pr.c.ic.l aspec.s, inc.uding method development,eic.enc., and biologic.l and medic.l r.levanc.. In this ar.ic.e, the emer.enc. and evolution of total synthesis to its pr.sent state is tr.c.d, selec.ed total syntheses fr.m the author.s labor.tor.es ar. highlighted,and pr.jec.ions for.the futur. of the ield ar. disc.ssed.

关键词： or.anic.synthesis natur.l pr.duc.s c.emistr. biology medic.ne