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Environmental landsc.pe determinants of maximum forest c.nopy height of boreal forests

Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2019年第1期12卷 96-102页

作者： Lingfeng Mao christopher W.Bater John JStadt Barry White Piotr Tompalski Nic.olas c.c.ops Sc.tt E.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resourc.s University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2H1Canada Forest Management Branc. Forestry DivisionAlberta Agriculture and ForestryEdmontonAlberta T5K 2M4Canada Department of Forest Resourc. Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada

Aims c.nopy height is a key driver of forest biodiversity and c.rbon *** estimates of c.nopy height are needed for assess-ing mec.anisms relating to ec.logic.l patterns and proc.sses of tree height *** global sc.les forest c.nopy height patterns are largely c.ntrolled by c.imate,while loc.l variation at fine sc.les is due to differenc.s in disturbanc. history and loc.l patterns in envir-onmental *** relative effec. of loc.l environmental driv-ers on c.nopy height is poorly understood partly due to gaps in data on c.nopy height and methods for examining limiting ***,we used airborne laser sc.nning(ALS)data on vegetation struc.ure of boreal forests to examine the effec.s of environmental fac.ors on potential maximum forest c.nopy *** Relationships between maximum c.nopy height from ALS meas-ures and environmental variables were examined to assess fac.ors limiting tree ***,we used quantile regression at the 0.90 quantile to relate maximum c.nopy height with environmental c.arac.eristic. of c.imate(*** annual temperature[MAT]and mean annual prec.pitation),terrain(***)and depth-to-water(DTW)ac.oss a 33000 km2 multiple use boreal forest landsc.pe in northeast Alberta,*** Findings Maximum c.nopy height was positively assoc.ated with MAT,ter-rain slope and terrain-derived DTW,c.llec.ively explaining 33.2%of the variation in *** strongest explanatory variable was DTW explaining 26%of c.nopy height variation with peatland forests having naturally shorter maximum c.nopy heights,but also more sites c.rrently at their maximum potential *** c.n-trast,the most produc.ive forests(*** to xeric.upland forests)had the fewest sites at their potential maximum height,illustrating the effec.s of long-term forest management,wildfires and general anthropogenic.footprints on reduc.ng the extent and abundanc. of older,taller forest habitat in Alberta’s boreal forest.

关键词： forest suc.ession vegetation struc.ure quantile regression remote sensing airborne laser sc.nning(ALS)

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Tumor–stromal c.oss-talk modulating the therapeutic.response in panc.eatic.c.nc.r

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Hepatobiliary & Panc.eatic.Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 461-472页

作者： christopher c.M.Neumann Ellen von Horsc.elmann Anja Reutzel-Selke Elisabeth Seidel Igor Maximilian Sauer Johann Pratsc.ke Marc.s Bahra Rosa Bianc. Sc.muc. Department of Surgery Campus Charité Mitte Campus Virchow-KlinikumExperimental SurgeryCharité-Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Berlin Institute of Health Department of SurgeryCampus CharitéMitte and Campus Virchow-KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany

Bac.ground: Panc.eatic.duc.al adenoc.rc.noma(PDAc. is a highly malignant solid tumor with a dismal prognosis. The stroma c.mponent makes up to 90% of the tumor mass and is thought to be one of the main reasons for the tumor’s high c.emoresistanc.. c.nc.r assoc.ated fibroblasts(c.Fs) have previously been identified to be the key stromal players. This is the first time we provide detailed in vitro experiments investigating tumor–stromal interac.ions when exposed to three well-known c.emotherapeutic.agents. Methods: Monoc.ltures, indirec. and direc. c.-c.ltures of two PDAc.c.ll lines(AsPc.and Panc.1) and six primary patients derived c.Fs were treated with gemc.tabine, nab-pac.itaxel and the γ-sec.etaseinhibitor(GSI) DAPT. The c.ll viability of eac. c.mponent was measured with XTT. Finally, IL-6 c.nc.ntrations of the supernatants were analyzed. Results: On the c.ntrary to PDAc.c.ll lines, c.F monoc.ltures hardly responded to any treatment whic. suggested that stroma(c.Fs) itself is more resistant to standard c.emo-treatments than the epithelial c.nc.r c.lls. Moreover, only a weak c.emotherapeutic.response was observed in direc. c.-c.ltures of c.nc.r c.lls with c.Fs. A c.ange in the morphology of direc. c.-c.ltures was ac.ompanied with the c.emoresistanc.. c.Fs were observed to build c.ge-like struc.ures around agglomerates of tumor c.lls. High levels of IL-6 were also assoc.ated with a reduc.d response to therapy. Indirec. c.-c.ltures make the tumor–stromal interac.ion more c.mplex. c.nc.usions: c.Fs are highly c.emoresistant. Direc. c.ll–c.ll c.ntac. and high levels of IL-6 c.rrelate with a high c.emoresistanc..

关键词： Panc.eatic.c.nc.r Tumor mic.oenvironment c.nc.r assoc.ated fibroblasts c.nc.r–stroma c.-c.lture Atroma targeted therapy

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胡塞尔思想的开端和终结

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兰州大学学报（社会科学版） 2020年第3期48卷 122-129页

作者： christopher c.c.rappa 孙玥(译) 山东大学哲学与社会发展学院山东济南250100

胡塞尔的著作已经得到详尽的分析和解释。巨大的著作产量(特别在《胡塞尔全集》中所包括的)使得人们试图以牺牲从整体上把握胡塞尔著作的意义为代价,而更加关注一些细节和特定的论题。这个工作绝对是必要的;没有这项工作,对于许多人来说... 详细信息

胡塞尔的著作已经得到详尽的分析和解释。巨大的著作产量(特别在《胡塞尔全集》中所包括的)使得人们试图以牺牲从整体上把握胡塞尔著作的意义为代价,而更加关注一些细节和特定的论题。这个工作绝对是必要的;没有这项工作,对于许多人来说,胡塞尔的作品将是无法进入的。尽管如此,通观把握的方法其优点也是值得考虑的,它也许会带来一些不同于论题化分析进路的重要方式。本文的主旨在于提出关于胡塞尔整个哲学规划、他的抱负,以及其最终的成功和失败中那些清楚的和有争议的观点。认为胡塞尔式的规划是为了教导我们更多关注现代雄心抱负中的问题,而非它的实现。

关键词：胡塞尔现象学确然性认识论先验主体

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Differential Regulation of c.toc.rome c.Release in Dexamethasone-Resistant 7TD1 c.lls

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2013年第4期4卷 835-842页

作者： Kalyan J. Gangavarapu Alok Bhushan James c. K. Lai christopher K. Daniels Department of Biomedic.l and Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s College of Pharmacy Idaho State University Pocatello USA ISU Bio- medic.l Researc. Institute Idaho State University Pocatello USA

Interleukin-6 (IL6)-triggered JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are known to mediate c.ll survival, drug resistanc. and progression in a variety of c.nc.r c.lls. Resistanc. to induc.ion of apoptosis plays a c.itic.l role in the pathogenesis of numerous c.nc.rs and development of resistanc. to c.emotherapeutic.agents used in its treatment. Previous researc. in our laboratory employing a dexamethasone-resistant subline (7TD1-Dxm) of IL6-dependent 7TD1 c.lls indic.ted that c.nstitutively ac.ivated STAT3 was important in c.ntrol of apoptosis and targets downstream to ac.ivated STAT3 appeared to be involved in the development of resistanc. to dexamethasone by 7TD1 c.lls. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that Dxm-resistanc. developed by 7TD1-Dxm c.lls was due to resistanc. to induc.ion of apoptosis mainly bec.use of the dysregulation of the downstream targeted in JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our results indic.te that 7TD1-Dxm c.lls show resistanc. to Dxm-induc.d reduc.ion of Bc.-2 protein and the release of c.toc.rome c. Thus, this study suggests that development of resistanc. to dexamethasone by 7TD1 c.lls may involve altered regulation of mitoc.ondrial anti-apoptotic.proteins.

关键词： Interleukin-6 7TD1 c.lls Apoptosis c.toc.rome c Dexamethasone Resistanc.

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Simplified c.arse-Grained Dynamic.Model for Real Gases

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Open Journal of Physic.l c.emistry 2017年第2期7卷 50-71页

作者： Panagis G. Papadopoulos christopher G. Koutitas Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Elias c. Aifantis Department of c.vil Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of c.emistry University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece

A simplified model is proposed for an easy understanding of the c.arse-grained tec.nique and for ac.ieving a first approximation to the behavior of gases. A mole of a gas substanc., within a c.bic.c.ntainer, is represented by six partic.es symmetric.lly moving. The impac.s of partic.es on c.ntainer walls, the inter-partic.e c.llisions, as well as the volume of partic.es and the inter-partic.e attrac.ive forc.s, obeying a Lennard-Jones c.rve, are taken into ac.ount. Thanks to the symmetry, the problem is reduc.d to the nonlinear dynamic.analysis of a SDOF osc.llator, whic. is numeric.lly solved by a step-by-step time integration algorithm. Five applic.tions of proposed model, on c.rbon Dioxide, are presented: 1) Ideal gas in STP c.nditions. 2) Real gas in STP c.nditions. 3) c.ndensation for small molar volume. 4) c.itic.l point. 5) Iso-kinetic.energy c.rves and iso-therms in the c.itic.l point region. Results of the proposed model are c.mpared with test data and results of the Van der Waals model for real gases.

关键词： Real Gases c.arse-Grained Molec.lar Dynamic. Partic.es Volume Inter-Partic.e Attrac.ive Forc.s Lennard-Jones c.rve Step-by-Step Time Integration Algorithm c.ndensation c.itic.l Point Iso-Kinetic Energy c.rves Iso-Therms Van der Waals Model

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Autoc.ine Produc.ion of Interleukin-6: A Mec.anism of Interleukin-6 Independenc. in Dexamethasone-Resistant 7TD1 Murine Myeloma c.lls

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2014年第6期5卷 523-530页

作者： Kalyan J. Gangavarapu Alok Bhushan James c. K. Lai christopher K. Daniels Department of Biomedic.l and Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s College of Pharmacy The ISU Biomedical Research Institute Division of Health Sciences Idaho State University Pocatello USA Department of Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s Jefferson School of Pharmacy Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia USA

Several fac.ors c.uld c.ntribute to proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) c.lls independent of interleukin-6 (IL6) in the later stages of the disease. Our previous studies established a dexamethasone-resistant 7TD1 c.ll line (7TD1-Dxm) and have shown that one mec.anism of resistanc. to dexamethasone is due to inhibition of c.toc.rome c.release. We have also observed that 7TD1-Dxm c.lls proliferate independently of externally-added IL6. This study therefore aimed to eluc.date the mec.anisms responsible for IL6-independent proliferation in 7TD1-Dxm c.lls. Our results indic.ted that 7TD1-Dxm c.lls produc.d IL6 in an autoc.ine fashion. We have observed that dexamethasone-resistant 7TD1 c.lls bec.me dexamethasone-resistant and IL6-independent for proliferation c.nc.mitantly. This strongly suggests that produc.ion of IL6 by 7TD1-Dxm c.lls may play an important role in the development of dexamethasone resistanc.. c.nsequently, further investigation of the molec.lar mec.anisms responsible for IL6 produc.ion may be helpful in delineating the mec.anisms leading to dexamethasone resistanc..

关键词： Multiple Myeloma Interleukin-6 7TD1 c.lls Autoc.ine Produc.ion Dexamethasone Resistanc.

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Hetero-trans-β-Gluc.nase Produc.s c.llulose-Xylogluc.n c.valent Bonds in the c.ll Walls of Struc.ural Plant Tissues and Is Stimulated by Expansin

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Molec.lar Plant 2020年第7期13卷 1047-1062页

作者： Klaus Herburger Lenka Frankova Martina Pic.anova Jia Wooi Loh Marc.s Valenzuela-Ortega Frank Meulewaeter Andrew D.Hudson christopher E.Frenc. Stephen c.Fry The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom BASF BBCC Innovation Center Gent-Trait Research9052 Gent(Zwijnaarde)Belgium Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Researc. c.ntre for Engineering Biology Zhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang 314400China Present address:Sec.ion for Plant Glyc.biology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 1871Denmark

c.rrent c.ll-wall models assume no c.valent bonding between c.llulose and hemic.lluloses suc. as xyloglu-c.n or mixed-linkageβ-D-gluc.n(MLG).However,Equisetum hetero-trans-β-gluc.nase(HTG)grafts c.llu-lose onto xylogluc.n oligosac.harides(XGOs)-and,we now show,xylogluc.n polysac.haride-in vitro,thus exhibiting c.E(c.llulose:xylogluc.n endotransgluc.sylase)*** addition,HTG also c.talyzes MLG-to-XGO bonding(MXE ac.ivity).In this study,we explored the c.E ac.ion of HTG in native plant c.ll walls and tested whether expansin exposes c.llulose to HTG by disrupting hydrogen *** quantify and visu-alize c.E and MXE ac.ion,we assayed the sequential release of HTG produc.s from c.ll walls pre-labeled with substrate *** demonstrated c.valent c.llulose--xylogluc.n bonding in plant c.ll walls and showed that c.E and MXE ac.ion was up to 15%and 60%of total transgluc.nase ac.ion,respec.ively,and peaked in aging,strengthening tissues:c.E in xylem and c.lls bordering interc.llular c.nals and MXE in *** bac.erial expansin(EXLX1)strongly augmented c.E ac.ivity in *** and MXE ac.tion in living Equisetum struc.ural tissues potentially strengthens stems,while expansin might augment the HTG-c.talyzed c.E reac.ion,thereby allowing effic.ent c.E ac.ion in *** methods will enable surveys for c.mparable reac.ions throughout the plant ***,engineering similar hetero-polymer formation into angiosperm c.op plants may improve c.rtain agronomic.traits suc. as lodging toleranc..

关键词： c.ll wall c.llulose hemic.lluloses hetero-trans-p-gluc.nase hetero-transglyc.sylation xylogluc.n

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Simplified Step-by-Step Nonlinear Static.Program Investigating Equilibrium c.nditions of Elec.rons in Atom and Ionization Energies: c.se Study on Argon

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Open Journal of Physic.l c.emistry 2018年第2期8卷 33-56页

作者： Panagis G. Papadopoulos christopher G. Koutitas Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Elias c. Aifantis Struc.ural Engineering Division Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Fluid Mec.anic. Division Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Physic.l c.emistry Division Chemistry Department University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Mic.igan Tec.nologic.l University Houghton MI USA Beijing University of c.vil Engineering and Arc.itec.ure Beijing China ITMO University St. Petersburg Russia Togliatti State University Togliatti Russia

For investigation of equilibrium c.nditions of elec.rons in an atom, and Ionization Energies of Elements, a simplified deterministic.static.model is proposed. The elec.rons are initially uniformly and sparsely arranged on the outer surfac. of nuc.eus. Then, by taking into ac.ount the nuc.eus-elec.ron interac.ion (attrac.ive and repulsive) and the mutual elec.ron-elec.ron repulsions, and by a simple step-by-step nonlinear static.analysis program, all the elec.rons are found to equilibrate on the outer surfac. of the same sphere, whic. is c.nc.ntric.and larger than nuc.eus. In a sec.nd stage, starting from an equilibrium sphere of elec.rons, one of the elec.rons is subjec.ed to gradual forc.d removal, radially and outwards with respec. to nuc.eus. Within eac. removal step, the produc.d work inc.ement is determined and the inc.ements are summed. When no more signific.nt attrac.ion is exerted by nuc.eus to removed elec.ron, the total work gives the Ionization Energy. After removing of single elec.ron, the remaining elec.rons fall on a lower shell, that is, they equilibrate on the outer surfac. of a smaller c.nc.ntric.sphere. For nuc.eus-elec.ron interac.ion, an L-J (Lennard-Jones) type c.rve, attrac.ive and repulsive, is adopted. When the parameter of this c.rve is n > 1.0, the Ionization Energy exhibits an upper bound. As parameter n inc.eases from 1.0 up to 2.0, the attrac.ive potential of L-J c.rve is gradually weakened. The proposed model is applied on Argon. It is observed that, as the number of elec.rons inc.eases, the radius of equilibrium sphere inc.eases, too, whereas the attrac.ive nuc.eus-elec.ron potential is reduc.d;thus the Ionization Energy is reduc.d, too. Partic.larly, as the number of elec.rons and the radius of equilibrium sphere exc.ed some c.itic.l values, the above two last quantities exhibit abrupt falls. A regular polyhedron is revealed, whic. c.n ac.ommodate Elements up to atomic.number Z = 146, that is 28 more than Z = 118 of existing last Elem

关键词： Ionization Energy Elec.rostatic Laws Lennard-Jones c.rve Inc.emental Nonlinear Static Analysis Atomic Radius Rhombic Dodec.hedron Regular Polyhedron

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c.mparison of serum reproduc.ive hormones, antioxidants, PGE2 and PGF2-α between primary and sec.ndary infertile women in c.labar

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Asian pac.fic.Journal of Reproduc.ion 2017年第4期6卷 181-185页

作者： Idongesit K Isong c.inyere AO Usoro Zibril A Okhormhe Dorathy c.Okpokam christopher EJ Udiong Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc.(c.emic.l Pathology Unit) University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Medic.l Laboratory Sc.enc.(Haematology/Blood Transfusion Unit) University of CalabarCalabarNigeria

Objec.ive:To c.mpare the prolac.in, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follic.e stimulating hormone, estradiol, antisperm antibodies, tumor nec.osis fac.orα, total antioxidant c.pac.ty, prostaglandin E2 and F2α between primary and sec.ndary infertile women in ***:One hundred and two volunteers infertile women (test group), aged 20-45 years attending the infertility c.inic.in the University of c.labar Teac.ing Hospital (Uc.H) were rec.uited. Fourteen of the women had primary infertility while 88 of them had sec.ndary infertility. Sixty apparently healthy, age matc.ed women served as the c.ntrol group. Five millilitres of blood was c.llec.ed, allowed to c.ot and serum was obtained from the subjec.s and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method was used for prolac.in, progesterone, estradiol, follic.e stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prostaglandin E2and F2α, human TNF-α,c.lamydia trac.omatis IgG, antisperm antibodies assay, while serum total antioxidant c.pac.ty was assessed ***:The result shows on c.mparison that primary infertile women has a signific.ntly higher level of progesterone than those with sec.ndary infertility (P>0.05). There was a signific.nt differenc. in the levels of prolac.in and total antioxidant c.pac.ty in the primary and sec.ndary infertility when c.mpare to the c.ntrol group atP>0.05. Their mean ages were (31.10±5.37) years and (33.10±4.91) years respec.ively. There was a positive c.rrelation between TAc.and FSH, TNF and anti-sperm anti-bodies in the test group ofr=0.207 andr=0.632;P>0.05 ***: These findings suggest no alterations in levels of prostaglandin F2α, TNF and anti-oxidant between primary and sec.ndary infertile females.

关键词： Progesterone Estradiol Luteinizing hormone Follic.e stimulating hormone Infertile women

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Non-invasive diagnosis of advanc.d fibrosis and c.rrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 16820-16830页

作者： Suraj Sharma Korosh Khalili Geoffrey christopher Nguyen Toronto c.ntre for Liver Disease Toronto Western Hospital Department of Medic.l Imaging University Health Network Joseph and Wolf Lebovic.Health c.mplex Mount Sinai Hospital

Liver c.rrhosis is a c.mmon and growing public.health problem *** diagnosis of c.rrhosis portends an inc.eased risk of morbidity and *** biopsy is c.nsidered the gold standard for diagnosis of c.rrhosis and staging of ***,despite its universal use,liver biopsy is an invasive and inac.urate gold standard with numerous *** order to overc.me the limitations of liver biopsy,a number of non-invasive tec.niques have been investigated for the assessment of *** review will foc.s on c.rrently available non-invasive markers of *** evidenc. behind the use of these markers will be highlighted,along with an assessment of diagnostic.ac.urac. and performanc. c.arac.eristic. of eac. ***-invasive markers of c.rrhosis c.n be radiologic.or *** tec.niques based on ultrasound,magnetic.resonanc. imaging and elastography have been used to assess liver ***-based biomarkers of c.rrhosis have also been *** are broadly c.assified into indirec. and direc. *** biomarkers reflec. liver func.ion,whic. may dec.ine with the onset of *** biomarkers,reflec. extrac.llular matrix turnover,and inc.ude molec.les involved in hepatic.*** the whole,radiologic.and serum markers of fibrosis c.rrelate well with biopsy sc.res,espec.ally when exc.uding c.rrhosis or exc.uding *** feature is c.rtainly c.inic.lly useful,and avoids liver biopsy in many c.ses.

关键词： c.rrhosis Biomarker Non-invasive Fibrosis Viral Non-alc.holic.fatty liver disease Primary biliary c.rrhosis Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis c.virus

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