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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 21-23页

作者： christopher H.Martin Department of Integrative Biology University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California

Although numerous theoretical models of the feasibility and necessary conditions for sympatric speciation abound in the literature,clear-cut examples in nature remain ***,as always in speciation research,this statement strongly depends on your definition of sympatric speciation [1-3].If using the biogeographic definition of sympatric speciation as divergence between individuals in a population within’cruising range’of each other [4],

关键词： CLEAREST EXAMPLES GENE FLOW

Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

A Time to Remember:Neural Insights into Rapid Updating of Timed Behaviors

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 699-702页

作者： christopher Howard Patrick Simen Neuroscience Department Oberlin CollegeOberlinOH44074USA

Processing temporal information is a critical brain function necessary for decision-making and *** timing,or processing of time intervals on the scale of seconds to minutes,is essential for associative learning,sensorimotor processing,and optimal foraging[1]and many neuropsychiatric illnesses including Parkinson's Disease,Huntington's Disease,and schizophrenia involve impaired interval timing.

关键词： Huntington impaired dating

Recapturing meaning: Toward a new material-based design theory for architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 609-617页

作者： christopher Bardt Faculty of Architecture Rhode Island School of DesignRhode IslandUSA

Architects and students of architecture today are less physically engaged with modeling and drawing representations of proposed things and increasingly rely on digital means and methods that are transforming their embodied interactions with actual materials. The result is that meaning, which makes architecture so central to our cultures, is being diminished. It is being replaced by a misplaced belief that "better" buildings and architecture result from increased use of digital tools. To recapture meaning will require a new design theory for architecture that builds on material engagement theory and the critical role of resistance and sensuous reasoning in the design process, which material has historically provided.

关键词： Architecture Design Material engagement Material-based design Meaning Digital tools

A review of rural transformation studies:Definition,measurement,and indicators

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3568-3581页

作者： Dong WANG Chunlai CHEN christopher FINDLAY Crawford School of Public Policy Australian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia

The paper reviews studies of rural transformation in three dimensions-definition,measurement,and indicators-and summarises the findings of rural transformation *** scope of rural transformation includes four elements-productivity,rurality,inclusiveness,and *** concepts of the dimensions of rural transformation and their associated indicators are insufficient for policy decision-making,as they lack objectivity,feasibility,accountability,comprehensiveness,and *** research to develop new measures to assess rural transformation in developing countries is ***,there is potential to explore the topic in some directions:urbanisation strategy,public intervention(i.e.,institution,policy,and investment),gender inclusiveness,market creation,and international trade.

关键词： rural transformation agricultural transformation structural change

Using big data and machine learning to rank traffic signals in Tennessee

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第5期10卷 918-933页

作者： christopher Winfrey Piro Meleby Lei Miao Department of Engineering Technology Middle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTN 37132USA

This paper discusses low-cost approaches capable of ranking traffic intersections for the purpose of signal *** extracted intersections that are comprised of multiple roads,defined by alphanumeric traffic message channel segment codes per international classification *** of these road segments includes a variety of metrics,including congestion,planning time index,and bottleneck ranking information provided by the Regional Integrated Transportation Information *** first approach was to use a ranking formula to calculate intersection rankings using a score between 0 and 10 by considering data for different times of the day and different days of the week,weighting weekdays more heavily than weekends and morning and evening commute times more heavily than other times of *** second method was to utilize unsupervised machine learning algorithms,primarily k-means clustering,to accomplish the intersection ranking *** first approach this by checking the performance of basic k-means clustering on our data *** then explore the ranking problem further by utilizing data provided by traffic professionals in the state of *** exploration involves using MATLAB to minimize the mean-squared error of intersection rankings to determine the optimum weights in the ranking formula based on a city’s professional *** then attempted an optimization of our weights via a brute-force search approach to minimize the distance from ranking formula results to the clustering *** the ranking information was aggregated into an online SQL database hosted by Amazon web services that utilized the PHP scripting language.

关键词： Unsupervised machine learning Clustering k-means Traffic signals

Bilateral pericapsular end nerve blocks for steroid-induced avascular necrosis following COVID-19 infection requiring bilateral total hip replacement

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World Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第1期13卷 1-8页

作者： Somita christopher Sweety Dutta Thota Venkata Sanjeev Gopal Department of Anaesthesiology Care HospitalsHyderabad 500025India

BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis(AVN)of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which emerged in patients who received steroid *** have been a mainstay in the treatment protocol of COVID-19 *** corticosteroid drugs used in patients suffering from COVID-19 were intravenous(IV)or oral dexamethasone,methylprednisolone or *** use of such high doses of corticost-eroids has shown very positive results and has been lifesaving in many ***,long-term consequences were drug-induced diabetes,osteoporosis,Cushing syndrome,muscle wasting,peripheral fat mobilization,AVN,hirsutism,sleep disturbances and poor wound healing.A significant number of young patients were admitted for bilateral total hip replacements(THR)secondary to AVN following steroid use for COVID-19 *** To assess the efficacy of bilateral pericapsular end nerve group(PENG)blocks in patients posted for bilateral THR post-steroid therapy after COVID-19 infection and assess the time taken to first ambulate after *** This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023 at Care Hospitals,Hyderabad,*** young patients 30-35 years of age who underwent bilateral THR were studied after due consent over 8 *** the patients received spinal anaesthesia for surgery and bilateral PENG blocks for postoperative *** The duration of surgery was 2.5 h on *** out of twenty patients(85%)had a Visual Analog Score(VAS)of less than 2 and did not require any *** patient was removed from the study,as he required *** remaining two patients had a VAS of more than 8 and received IV morphine post-operatively as a rescue analgesic *** out of seventeen patients(88.2%)could be mobilized 12 h after the *** Osteonecrosis or AVN of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of COVID-19

关键词： Avascular necrosis Pericapsular end nerve group block Analgesia Hip replacement COVID-19 Steroids

Once upon a time biomass burning in the western Alps: Nesting effects of climate and local drivers on long-term subalpine fires

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 257-266页

作者： christopher Carcaillet Benjamin Boulley Frederique Carcaillet Univ Lyon Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPE(UMR LEHNA)F-69622VilleurbanneFrance Paris Sciences&Lettres University(PSL) Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)F-75014ParisFrance NaturCom Chair Universite de MontpellierF-34000MontpellierFrance MARBEC(Universite de Montpellier CNRSIfremerIRD)F-34000MontpellierFrance

Background:The present article questions the relative importance of local-and large-scale processes on the long-term dynamics of fire in the subalpine belt in the western *** study is based on soil charcoal dating and identification,several study sites in contrasting environmental conditions,and sampling of soil charcoal along the elevation gradient of each *** on local differences in biomass combustion,we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale processes have driven the fire history,while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importance of large-scale or macro-ecological processes,especially ***:Biomass burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of climate,land use,and altitude,but was little influenced by slope exposure(north versus south),soil(dryness,pH,depth),and *** mid-Holocene(6500–2700 cal BP)was an important period for climate-driven biomass burning in the subalpine ecosystems of the western Alps,while fires over the last 2500 years appear much more episodic,prompting us to speculate that human activity has played a vital role in their ***:Our working hypothesis that the strength of local drivers should offset the effects of regional climate is not *** homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores that climate was the main driver during the Holocene of the western ***-term subalpine fires are controlled by climate at the millennial *** conditions matter for little in determining variability at the century *** mid-Holocene was a chief period for climatic biomass burning in the subalpine zone,while fires during the late Holocene appear much more episodic,suggesting that social drivers has exercised key function on their control.

关键词： Biomass burning Subalpine forest Climate Landscape Pedoanthracology Radiocarbon dating Pyrogenic carbon

Repeated hydrogen peroxide dosing briefly reduces cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin while increasing fecal bacteria indicators in a eutrophic pond

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 522-543页

作者： Mark W.Lusty christopher J.Gobler School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySouthamptonNY 11968USA

This study explored the effects of H_(2)O_(2)on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry,microscopy,flow cytometry,and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY,*** addition of H_(2)O_(2)(8 mg/L)significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments(66%;6 of 9)and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78%and 45%of experiments,*** heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H_(2)O_(2)addition in all experiments,bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination(Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,fecal coliform bacteria)consistently and significantly increased in response to H_(2)O_(2),evidencing a form of‘pollution swapping’.H_(2)O_(2)more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem *** whole-pond H_(2)O_(2)applications over a twoyear period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or *** bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H_(2)O_(2).Microcystis was always reduced by H_(2)O_(2),as was the toxin microcystin,but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria,the inability of H_(2)O_(2)to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.

关键词： Indicator bacteria Toxic cyanobacteria Microcystin Microcystis Hydrogen peroxide Bacteria Enterococcus E.coli Pollution swapping

Effect of slab width on choice of appropriate casting speed in steel production

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 71-79页

作者： Daniel christopher Merten Marc-Thorsten Hütt Yilmaz Uygun Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs University BremenBremen 28759Germany Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University BremenBremen 28759Germany

In steel continuous casting(CC),the choice of the appropriate speed at which the slab is cast can be influenced by many different factors and *** the slab thickness seems to have the biggest impact,other features like the slab width have been consistently *** fact,the slab width practically limits the casting speed via the mass flow constraint which governs the input and output balance at the ***,we present a case study that aims at analyzing steel production data from the perspective of casting speed *** studying the speed fluctuations of an industrial CC machine,we identify a strategic regime change toward a stricter consideration of the mass flow *** regime change manifests itself in a significant increase in the correlation between the actual casting speed and the maximal speed associated with the mass flow *** the surface,taking greater account of the input and output balance at the tundish has reduced the productivity of the continuous caster;however,one can argue that the lessened yield is compensated by a diminished risk of eventual slab *** the perspective of this trade-off,we establish a visualization technique that enables us to pinpoint the boundary beyond which one strategic regime becomes economically more advantageous than the other.

关键词： Continuous casting Casting speed Slab width Slab thickness Mass flow constraint Machine length constraint