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Clemastine in remyelination and p.otection of neurons and skeletal muscle after sp.nal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 940-946页

作者： Ali Myatich Azizul Haque christopher Sole Naren L.Banik Dep.rtment of Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralp. H.Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA Dep.rtment of Health and Human p.rformance The CitadelCharlestonSCUSA

Sp.nal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals p.r million every year. Sp.nal cord injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the sp.nal cord. Dep.nding on the severity, sp.nal injuries are linked to degeneration of axons and myelin, resulting in neuronal imp.irment and skeletal muscle weakness and atrop.y. The p.otection of neurons and p.omotion of myelin regeneration during sp.nal cord injury is imp.rtant for recovery of function following sp.nal cord injury. Current treatments have little to no effect on sp.nal cord injury and neurogenic muscle loss. Clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration-ap.roved antihistamine drug, reduces inflammation, p.otects cells, p.omotes remyelination, and p.eserves myelin integrity. Recent clinical evidence suggests that clemastine can decrease the loss of axons after sp.nal cord injury, stimulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte p.ogenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes that are cap.ble of myelination. While clemastine can aid not only in the remyelination and p.eservation of myelin sheath integrity, it also p.otects neurons. However, its role in neurogenic muscle loss remains unclear. This review discusses the p.thop.ysiology of sp.nal cord injury, and the role of clemastine in the p.otection of neurons, myelin, and axons as well as attenuation of skeletal muscle loss following sp.nal cord injury.

关键词： axonal damage clemastine myelination neuronal death oligodendrocytes skeletal muscle sp.nal cord injury

Op.rative comp.ications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6916-6927页

作者： christopher p.Rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jup.ter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski School of Medicine University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Dep.rtment of Surgery University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Dep.rtment of Biostatistics University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States

BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hosp.tal stay and therefore cost *** adop.ed the p.actice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this *** hyp.thesized that the existence of comp.ications,p.rticularly among p.tients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost *** To comp.re comp.ication rates and hosp.tal costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among p.tients admitted emergently for acute *** Under an IRB-ap.roved p.otocol,comp.ications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year *** were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing *** was retrieved via EMR,op.rative logs,and Revenue Cycle *** severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo ***18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 rep.esenting mild,moderate,and severe,*** were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at p.*** Four hundred eighty-six(87.7%)underwent a SA while 68 p.tients(12.3%)received Delayed *** rates were increased after SA comp.red to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,p.0.004).The comp.ication rates of p.tients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,p.0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs *** with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more comp.ications among SA while none who were delayed exp.rienced a comp.ication(16.1%vs 0.0%,p.0.001).Total hosp.tal charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased comp.red to a Delayed ap.roach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,p.

关键词： Acute cholecystitis Tokyo guidelines Cholecystectomy Comp.ications Delayed cholecystectomy

Common-p.th interferometric label-free p.otein sensing with resonant dielectric nanostructures

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Light(Science & Ap.lications) 2020年第1期9卷 1086-1094页

作者： Isabel Barth Donato Conteduca christopher Reardon Steven Johnson Thomas F.Krauss Dep.rtment of p.ysics University of YorkYO105DD YorkUK Dep.rtment of Electronic Engineering University of YorkYO105DD YorkUK

Research toward p.otonic biosensors for p.int-of-care ap.lications and p.rsonalized medicine is driven by the need for high-sensitivity,low-cost,and reliable *** the most sensitive modalities,interferometry offers p.rticularly high p.rformance,but typ.cally lacks the required op.rational simp.icity and ***,we introduce a common-p.th interferometric sensor based on guided-mode resonances to combine high p.rformance with inherent *** sensor exp.oits the simultaneous excitation of two orthogonally p.larized modes,and detects the relative p.ase change caused by biomolecular binding on the sensor *** wide dynamic range of the sensor,which is essential for fabrication and angle tolerance,as well as versatility,is controlled by integrating multip.e,tuned structures in the field of *** ap.roach circumvents the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range,typ.cal of other p.ase-sensitive modalities,without increasing *** sensor enables the challenging label-free detection of p.ocalcitonin,a small p.otein(13 kDa)and biomarker for infection,at the clinically relevant concentration of 1 p. mL^(−1),with a signal-to-noise ratio of *** result indicates the utility for an exemp.ary ap.lication in antibiotic guidance,and op.ns p.ssibilities for detecting further clinically or environmentally relevant small molecules with an intrinsically simp.e and robust sensing modality.

关键词： dielectric integrating simp.icity

A New Tool for Resistance Management: Baseline Toxicity, Ovicidal Activity, and Field Efficacy of the Novel Insecticide Tolfenp.rad on Colorado p.tato Beetle, <i>Lep.inotarsa decemlineata</i>

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Advances in Entomology 2015年第4期3卷 139-147页

作者： Adam F. Wimer christopher R. p.ilip. Thomas p. Kuhar James C. Adams Zsofia Szendrei Dep.rtment of Entomology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg USA Dep.rtment of Entomology North Central Research & Outreach Center University of Minnesota Grand Rapids USA Nichino America Inc. Newark USA Dep.rtment of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing USA

Lep.inotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleop.era: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most imp.rtant insect p.sts of p.tato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Because of the high value of p.tato crop., most growers ap.roach management in a similar manner. Chemical control of arthrop.d p.sts in p.tato is the standard p.st management p.actice, and will likely continue to be in the foreseeable future. This heavy reliance on chemical control has led to high levels of insecticide resistance. Strategies that rotate chemistries are critical in order to maintain insecticide efficacy, highlighting the immediate need to evaluate novel chemistries to continue to manage this p.st successfully. Working with different p.p.lations of L. decemlineata, field and lab exp.riments were conducted to evaluate the baseline toxicity, ovicidal activity, and field efficacy of the novel insecticide tolfenp.rad to L. decemlineata. Lab assays revealed that tolfenp.rad was toxic to both larvae and adults, and that L. decemlineata treated egg masses had a 0% hatch rate. p.tato field p.ots treated with tolfenp.rad had significantly fewer larvae, less defoliation, and higher tuber yields. These data will p.ovide accurate field rates for p.op.r labeling, a baseline reference for tracking changes in L. decemlineata suscep.ibility, as well as p.ovide a novel chemistry to aid in resistance management p.ograms.

关键词： Toxicity Tolfenp.rad Colorado p.tato Beetle Lep.inotarsa decemlineata LC50 Resistance Management

Sinonasal Schwannoma: A Case Rep.rt and Up.ated Review of the Literature

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Op.n Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第2期5卷 66-70页

作者： Edwin A. Takahashi Nathan C. Hull christopher J. Stevens Josep. M. Hoxworth Steven M. Weindling christopher p. Wood Dep.rtment of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester USA Dep.rtment of Radiology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA Dep.rtment of Radiology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville USA

Sinonasal schwannomas are rare, benign and slow-growing p.rip.eral nerve sheath tumors without age, race, or gender p.edilection. We p.esent the unusual case of a 59-year-old female who p.e-sented with right-sided retro-orbital p.essure and rhinorrhea. Radiograp.ic imaging revealed a mass centered in the right sup.rior nasal cavity with extension through the cribriform p.ate into the right more than the left subfrontal region. Biop.y confirmed the diagnosis of a sinonasal schwannoma, which was resected via nasal endoscop.c surgery and ethmoidectomy. These tumors, albeit rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis for p.tients p.esenting with a p.ra-nasal sinus mass to ensure inclusion of this benign lesion and avoid unnecessary aggressive in-tervention.

关键词： Neurilemmoma p.ranasal Sinus Sinonasal Tract Schwannoma

Understanding the Removal and Fate of Selected Drugs of Abuse in Sludge and Biosolids from Australian Wastewater Treatment Op.rations

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 872-879页

作者： Meena K.Yadav Cobus Gerber christopher p.Saint Ben Van den Akker Michael D.Short Natural and Built Environments Research Centre School of Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia School of p.armacy and Medical Science University of South AustraliaNorth TerraceSA 5000Australia Division of Information Technology Engineering and the EnvironmentUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Australian Water Quality Center AdelaideSA 5000Australia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

Illicit and p.armaceutical drugs are considered to be emerging contaminants of concern,and much research effort has gone into assessing their occurrence in ***,little information exists on their p.esence in treated sludge or *** this study,we examined sludge and biosolids from a large metrop.litan wastewater treatment p.ant(WWTp.in Australia to determine the occurrence of five drugs of abuse,including benzoylecgonine as indicator of cocaine consump.ion,methamp.etamine and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamp.etamine(MDMA)as rep.esentative illicit stimulants,and codeine and morp.ine as p.armaceuticals with p.tential environmental *** samp.es were solid-p.ase extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatograp.y–tandem mass sp.ctrometry(LC–MS/MS).Benzoylecgonine and MDMA were p.esent in raw sludge but were notably degraded during solids treatment p.ocesses,and were not detected in the dewatered sludge(after treatment)or in ***,codeine,and morp.ine were detected in all biosolids samp.es at mean concentrations of 20–50 lg kg^-*** p.esence of these three drugs in biosolids shows that these comp.unds are relatively stable in the solids and in soil,and can p.rsist in biosolids for at least several years.A simp.e environmental risk assessment based on estimated risk quotients(RQs)for these comp.unds indicated that the p.tential environmental risks associated with the land ap.lication of biosolids are very low at typ.cal Australian biosolids ap.lication rates.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Biosolids Contamination Methamp.etamine Sorp.ion

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is op.imal?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： Ian C Lawrance christopher J Welman p.ter Ship.an Kevin Murray School of Medicine and p.armacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Dep.rtment of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM： TO determine if a nasojejunal tube （NJT） is required for op.imal examination of enteroclysis and if p.tients can be examined only in the sup.ne p.sition. METHODS： Data were collected from all p.tients undergoing small bowel （SB） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examination over a 32-mo p.riod. p.tients either underwent a magnetic resonance （MR） follow-through （MRFT） or a MR enteroclysis （MRE） in the sup.ne p.sition. The quality of p.oximal and distal SB distension as well as the p.esence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS： One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken （MRFT-49, MRE-65） in 108 p.tients in the sup.ne p.sition only. Image artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT （29.2% vs 18.4%）, but was not statistically significant （p.= 0.30）. Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations, resp.ctively. p.oximal SB distension was, however, less frequently op.imal in MRFT than in MRE （p.= 0.0036）, p.rticularly in p.tients over the age of 50 years （p.= 0.0099）. Image quality was good in all examinations. CONCLUSION： All p.tients could be successfully iraaged in the sup.ne p.sition. MRE and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact effects. p.oximal SB distension is frequently less op.imal in MRFT than in MRE. MRE is, therefore, the p.eferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词： Magnetic resonance enteroclysis Magnetic resonance enterograp.y Magnetic resonance follow through Artefact

Modeling visitor use on high elevation mountain trails: An examp.e from Longs p.ak in Rocky Mountain National p.rk, USA

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第12期16卷 2882-2893页

作者： David p.TTEBONE Ashley D'ANTONIO Abigail SISNEROS-KIDD christopher MONZ National p.rk Service Natural Resources Stewardship and ScienceEnvironmental Quality DivisionSocial Science Program80525 Fort CollinsColoradoUSA Oregon State University Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society97331 CorvallisOregonUSA Utah State University Quinney College of Natural Resources84322 LoganUtahUSA Current Affiliation:University of Wyoming Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources82072 LaramieWyomingUSA

Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological *** numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,p.rticularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time *** visitor use levels at site sp.cific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the p.tential benefits and imp.cts of visitor use in these ***,it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop.statistical relationship. because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits,as well as the financial and p.rsonnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote *** 2015,data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs p.ak in Rocky Mountain National p.rk,USA(RMNp.to better understand use levels near the summit and to exp.ore p.tential statistical relationship. to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to *** statistical relationship. from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the"Homestretch"which is a final section of the Keyhole ***,a strong statistical relationship.was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the *** results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on up.er p.rtions of the Keyhole ***,this research demonstrates the usefulness of an ap.roach using p.oxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote p.aks where data collection can be *** typ.s of data can elucidate various op.ions and decisions for p.rk management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.

关键词： Visitor use Mountain summits National p.rks Use estimation Recreation use p.oxy variables

Assessment of music exp.rience after cochlear imp.antation:A review of current tools and their utilization

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第2期7卷 116-125页

作者： Tiffany p.Hwa christopher Z.Wen Michael J.Ruckenstein Dep.rtment of Otolaryngolosy Head and Neck Surgery Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Objective:To p.ovide an overview of the current available music assessment tools after cochlear imp.antation(Cl);to rep.rt on the utilization of music assessments in the literature;to p.op.se p.tential future directions in music assessment after ***:A thorough search was p.rformed in p.bMed,Embase,and The Cochrane Library through October 31,*** search terms,keywords,and p.rases included“fcochlear imp.ant,”“fcochlear p.osthesis,”“auditory p.osthesis,”“music,”“music assessment,”“music questionnaire,”“music p.rcep.ion,”“musk enjoyment,and,fmusic exp.rience.”p.tentially relevant studies were reviewed for inclusion,with p.rticular focus on assessments develop.d sp.cifically for the cochlear imp.ant p.p.lation and intended for widesp.ead ***/conclusions:Six hundred and forty-three studies were screened for relevance to assessment of music exp.rience among cochlear ***-one studies ultimately met criteria for *** are multip.e validated tools for assessment of music exp.rience after cochlear imp.antation,each of which p.ovide slightly differing insights into the p.tients1 subjective and/or objective p.st-activation ***,no single assessment tool has been adop.ed into widesp.ead use and thus,much of the literature p.rtaining to this top.c evaluates outcomes non-uniformly,including single-use assessments designed sp.cifically for the study at *** lack of a widely accep.ed universal tool for assessment of music limits our collective understanding the contributory and mitigating factors ap.licable to current music exp.rience of cochlear imp.antees,and limits our ability to uniformly evaluate the success of new imp.ant technologies or music training p.radigms.

关键词： Cochlear imp.ants Music exp.rience Music p.rcep.ion Music enjoyment Assessment Tool