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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 1-11页

作者： Maria Younes Ghady Loubnane christopher Sleiman Sandra Rizk Department of Natural Sciences Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

Tocotrienols are found in a variety of natural sources,like rice bran,annatto seeds and palm oil,and have been shown to have several health-promoting properties,particularly against chronic diseases such as *** incidence of cancer is rapidly increasing around the world,not only a result of continued aging and population growth,but also due to the adoption of aspects of the Western lifestyle,such as high-fat diets and low-physical *** literature provides strong evidence that tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of various cancers,including breast,lung,ovarian,prostate,liver,brain,colon,myeloma and pancreatic *** findings,along with the reported safety profile of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers,encourage further research into these compounds’potential use in cancer prevention and *** current review provided detailed information about the molecular mechanisms of action of different tocotrienol isoforms in various cancer models and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of different vitamin E analogues on important cancer hallmarks,such as cellular proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis and ***/PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify recently published articles that investigated the anticancer effects of vitamin E derivatives in various types of cancer in vitro and in vivo along with clinical evidence of adjuvant chemopreventive *** an overview of pre-clinical studies,we describe several completed and ongoing clinical trials that are paving the way for the successful implementation of tocotrienols in cancer chemotherapy.

关键词： Vitamin E Tocotrienols Cancer Molecular mechanism Clinical trials

Proposed case of mesalazine-induced cardiomyopathy in severe ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第11期21卷 3376-3379页

作者： Kathryn Fleming Andrew Ashcroft christopher Alexakis Demitrios Tzias christopher Groves Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St Georges Hospital

Five-amino salicylic acids are recommended for use in the management of inflammatory bowel disease,cardiac complications are a rare although recognised *** report aims to highlight this serious but rare adverse *** report here a case of a young man presenting with cardiogenic shock in the context of recent mesalazine treatment in severe ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Mesalazine Cardiomy-opathy Adve

Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： Janne Liebmann christopher L.Kirkland John B.Cliff christopher J.Spencer Aaron J.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

Structures and electronic properties of domain walls in Bi FeO3 thin films

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 669-683页

作者： Huaixun Huyan Linze Li christopher Addiego Wenpei Gao Xiaoqing Pan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvine Irvine Materials Research Institute University of CaliforniaIrvine

Domain walls（DWs） in ferroelectrics are atomically sharp and can be created, erased, and reconfigured within the same physical volume of ferroelectric matrix by external electric fields. They possess a myriad of novel properties and functionalities that are absent in the bulk of the domains, and thus could become an essential element in next-generation nanodevices based on ferroelectrics. The knowledge about the structure and properties of ferroelectric DWs not only advances the fundamental understanding of ferroelectrics, but also provides guidance for the design of ferroelectric-based devices. In this article, we provide a review of structures and properties of DWs in one of the most widely studied ferroelectric systems, BiFeO3thin films. We correlate their conductivity and photovoltaic properties to the atomic-scale structure and dynamic behaviors of DWs.

关键词： domain wall BiFeO3 ferroelectric conductivity photovoltaics thin film

Construct and correlates of basic motor competencies in primary school-aged children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 63-70页

作者： Christian Herrmann christopher Heim Harald Seelig Department of Sport Exercise and Health University of Basel Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences University of Frankfurt

Background: A central aim of physical education is the promotion of basic motor competencies(in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen;MOBAK), which are prerequisites for children's active participation in sports culture. This article introduces the MOBAK-1 test instrument for 6-to 8-year-old children and determines the construct validity of this test instrument. In addition, the relationship between MOBAK and motor ability(i.e., strength) as well as body mass index(BMI), sex, and age is ***: We analyzed data of 923 first and second graders(422 girls, 501 boys, age = 6.80 ±0.44 years). The children's basic motor competencies were assessed by the MOBAK-1 test instrument. Besides analyses of frequency, correlation, and variance, 3 confirmatory factor analyses with covariates were ***: We found 2 MOBAK factors consisting of 4 items each. The first factor, locomotion, included the items balancing, rolling, jumping, and side stepping; the second factor, object control, included the items throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling. The motor ability strength had a significant influence on the factors locomotion(b = 0.60) and object control(b = 0.50). Older pupils achieved better results than younger pupils on object control(b = 0.29). Boys performed better on object control(b = -0.44), whereas girls achieved better results in locomotion(b = 0.07).Pupils with a high BMI achieved lower performance only on the factor locomotion(b =-0.28).Conclusion: The MOBAK-1 test instrument developed for this study meets psychometric validity demands and is suitable to evaluate effects of sports and physical education.

关键词： BMI Factorial validity Gross motor skills Locomotion Measurement Object control Physical education Strength

A systematic review of the attractant-decoy and repellent- plant hypotheses: do plants with heterospecific neighbours escape herbivory?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 337-346页

作者： Ally Ruttan christopher J.Lortie Department of Biology York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada

Aims this systematic review highlights the relative support and implica-tions of the attractant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses,discuss-ing important linkages between these theories and the opportunity for novel integration into ecological and applied *** an extensive systematic review of the current literature on the attract-ant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses was done to describe the following attributes of the research to date:(i)the geographic extent(country and biome)of studies on this topic,(ii)the scope of experi-mental designs used,(iii)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the breadth of ecological niches tested,(iv)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the classes of herbi-vores examined and,lastly,(v)the ecological impact or purpose of these ***,we summarize important research gaps in the empirical literature on this topic and identify novel opportunities for critical linkages between ecological and applied *** Findingsa total of 37%of experiments testing these two associated hypotheses were done in North america,frequently in either temperate broadleaf(26%of studies)or taiga ecosystems(15%of studies).the majority of these studies involved experimental manipulations such as removing and transplanting vegetation and either tracked or excluded mammalian *** implications were primarily examined(59%of studies),but there were also implications described for agriculture and commercial forestry in 22%of *** repellent-plant hypothesis was well supported in many ecological systems,particularly for mammalian herbivores,but the attractant-decoy hypothesis has been less frequently tested,thereby representing an important research *** herbivores were under-represented in all categories except in applied contexts such as commercial forestry and *** is a clear need for studies to connect these two ecological hypotheses with the manageme

关键词： associated plant defence attractant-decoy herbivory neighbour repellent-plant systematic review

Endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9976-9989页

作者： christopher W Teshima Gurpal S Sandha Division of Gastroenterology University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2X8Canada

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an important part of modern gastrointestinal endoscopy and now has an integral role in the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic ***,as EUS technology has advanced,it has increasingly become a therapeutic procedure,and the prospect of multiple applications of interventional EUS for the pancreas is truly on the near ***,this review focuses on the established diagnostic and therapeutic roles of EUS that are used in current clinical *** particular,the diagnostic evaluation of acute pancreatitis,chronic pancreatitis,cystic pancreatic lesions and solid masses of the pancreas are *** newer enhanced imaging modalities of elastography and contrast enhancement are evaluated in this *** main therapeutic aspects of pancreatic EUS are then considered,namely celiac plexus block and celiac plexus neurolysis for pain control in chronic pancreatitis and pancreas cancer,and EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasonography Fine needle aspiration Pancreatic cyst Pancreatic neoplasms Pancreatitis

Modeling of moral decisions with deep learning

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 307-320页

作者： christopher Wiedeman Ge Wang Uwe Kruger Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy NYUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy NYUSA

One example of an artificial intelligence ethical dilemma is the autonomous vehicle situation presented by Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers in the Moral Machine *** solve such dilemmas,the MIT researchers used a classic statistical method known as the hierarchical Bayesian(HB)*** paper builds upon previous work for modeling moral decision making,applies a deep learning method to learn human ethics in this context,and compares it to the HB *** methods were tested to predict moral decisions of simulated populations of Moral Machine ***,test results indicate that deep neural networks can be effective in learning the group morality of a population through observation,and outperform the Bayesian model in the cases of model mismatches.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Deep learning Bayesian method Moral machine experiment

Chronic hepatitis delta: A state-of-the-art review and new therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4580-4597页

作者： Christy Gilman Theo Heller christopher Koh Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

Chronic delta hepatitis is the most severe form of viral hepatitis affecting nearly 65 million people *** with this devastating illness are at higher risk for developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** virus is a defective RNA virus that requires hepatitis B surface antigen for propagation in *** can occur in the form of a co-infection with hepatitis B,which can be self-limiting,vs superinfection in a patient with established hepatitis B infection,which often leads to chronicity in majority of *** noninvasive tools to assess for advanced liver disease have limited utility in delta *** recommend treatment with pegylated interferon,but this is limited to patients with compensated disease and is efficacious in about 30%of those *** to limited treatment options,novel agents are being investigated and include entry,assembly and export inhibitors of viral particles in addition to stimulators of the host immune *** clinical trials should take into consideration the interaction of hepatitis B and hepatitis D as suppression of one virus can lead to the activation of the ***,surrogate markers of treatment efficacy have been proposed.

关键词： Hepatitis delta Epidemiology Treatment

Potential risk factors for constipation in the community

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第21期27卷 2795-2817页

作者： Barry L Werth Sybele-Anne christopher Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

Constipation is a common community health *** are many factors that are widely thought to be associated with constipation but real-world evidence of these associations is difficult to *** potential risk factors may be categorised as demographic,lifestyle and health-related *** review presents the available evidence for each factor by an assessment of quantitative data from cross-sectional studies of community-dwelling adults published over the last 30 *** appears that there is evidence of an association between constipation and female gender,residential location,physical activity and some health-related factors such as self-rated health,some surgery,certain medical conditions and certain *** available evidence for most other factors is either conflicting or ***,further research is necessary to determine if each factor is truly associated with constipation and whether it can be regarded as a potential risk *** is recommended that studies investigating a broad range of factors are conducted in populations in community *** analyses should be performed to account for all possible confounding *** this way,valuable evidence can be accumulated for a better understanding of potential risk factors for constipation in the community.

关键词： Adults Constipation Epidemiology Factors Community