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Deletion or underexpression of the Y-chromosome genes CDY2 and HSFY is associated with maturation arrest in American men with nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 676-682页

作者： Peter j Stahl Anna N Mielnik christopher E Barbieri Peter N Schlegel Darius A Paduch Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York Presbyterian HospitaI-CornellNew YorkNY 10065USA

Maturation arrest （MA） refers to failure of germ cell development leading to clinical nonobstructive azoospermia. Although the azoospermic factor （AZF） region of the human Y chromosome is clearly implicated in some cases, thus far very little is known about which individual Y-chromosome genes are important for complete male germ cell development. We sought to identify single genes on the Y chromosome that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of nonobstructive azoospermia associated with MA in the American population. Genotype-phenotype analysis of 132 men with Y-chromosome microdeletions was performed. Protein-coding genes associated with MA were identified by visual analysis of a genotype-phenotype map. Genes associated with MA were selected as those genes within a segment of the Y chromosome that, when completely or partially deleted, were always associated with MA and absence of retrievable testicular sperm. Expression of each identified gene transcript was then measured with quantitative RT-PCR in testicular tissue from separate cohorts of patients with idiopathic MA and obstructive azoospermia. Ten candidate genes for association with MA were identified within an 8.4-Mb segment of the Y chromosome overlapping the AZFb region. CDY2and HSFYwere the only identified genes for which differences in expression were observed between the MA and obstructive azoospermia cohorts. Men with obstructive azoospermia had 12-fold higher relative expression of CDY2transcript （1.33__.0.40 vs. 0.11＋_0.04; P=O.O003） and 16-fold higher expression of HSFYtranscript （0.78__.0.32 vs. 0.05_0.02; P=O.O005） compared to men with MA. CDY2 and HSFYwere also underexpressed in patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome. These data indicate that CDY2and HSFYare located within a segment of the Y chromosome that is important for sperm maturation, and are underexpressed in testicular tissue derived from men with MA. These observations suggest that impairments in CDY2 or HSFYexpression could be impli

关键词： CDY1 protein CDY2 protein genetics histology HSFY human make infertility nonobstructive azoospermia spermato-genesis sperm maturation

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Zirconium Doped Hydrotalcite-based NiAl Mixed Oxides——Enhanced Performance for Adsorption of SO2 and NO

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2019年第3期35卷 490-497页

作者： ZHAO Ling ZHANG Yu LI Lexin XING Yating WANG Shuai christopher j. MARTYNIUK School cf Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Huhhot 010021P.R.China College of Veterinary Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

In the present study, the adsorptive behavior of zirconium doped hydrotalcite-based NiAl mixed oxides for reducing NO and SO2 was compared. According to tlie experimental results, the Zr^4+ cations were partially dissolved in crystalline NiO phase. With the addition of Zr, new centers for oxygen release and storage were formed, Lewis acid strength increased, and weakly and strongly alkaline sites were expanded. Moreover, in situ FTIR(Fourier transfonn infrared spectroscopy) investigation demonstrated that the amounts of surface bisulfite, sulfite, nitrite and nitrate spe? cies ofZrNiAlO were much more than those ofNiAlO. On the whole, this study concluded that the addition of Zr^4+ to NiAlO works to improve this compound as major absorbent for SO2 and NO.

关键词： SO2 NO Adsorption ZrNiAlO mixed oxide

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A critical examination of compound stability predictions from machine-learned formation energies

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 858-868页

作者： christopher j.Bartel Amalie Trewartha Qi Wang Alexander Dunn Anubhav jain Gerbrand Ceder Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Machine learning has emerged as a novel tool for the efficient prediction of material properties,and claims have been made that machine-learned models for the formation energy of compounds can approach the accuracy of Density Functional Theory(DFT).The models tested in this work include five recently published compositional models,a baseline model using stoichiometry alone,and a structural *** testing seven machine learning models for formation energy on stability predictions using the Materials Project database of DFT calculations for 85,014 unique chemical compositions,we show that while formation energies can indeed be predicted well,all compositional models perform poorly on predicting the stability of compounds,making them considerably less useful than DFT for the discovery and design of new *** critically,in sparse chemical spaces where few stoichiometries have stable compounds,only the structural model is capable of efficiently detecting which materials are *** nonincremental improvement of structural models compared with compositional models is noteworthy and encourages the use of structural models for materials discovery,with the constraint that for any new composition,the ground-state structure is not known a *** work demonstrates that accurate predictions of formation energy do not imply accurate predictions of stability,emphasizing the importance of assessing model performance on stability predictions,for which we provide a set of publicly available tests.

关键词： stability critical solids

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Cooperation in an asymmetric volunteer's dilemma game with relatedness

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第16期57卷 1972-1981页

作者： HE junZhou WANG RuiWu christopher X j jensen LI YaoTang LI ChaoQian School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Mathematics and Science School of Liberal Arts and SciencesPratt Institute200 Willoughby AvenueBrooklynNY 11205USA

What motivates some members of a social group to voluntarily incur costs in order to provide for the common good? This question lies at the heart of theoretical and empirical studies of cooperative behavior. This is also the question that underlies the classic volunteer's dilemma model, which has been previously explored in scenarios where group members are related or interact asym- metrically. Here we present a model that combines asymmetry and relatedness, showing that the probability of volunteerism in such systems depends closely on both the degree of asymmetry and level of relatedness between interacting individuals. As has been shown in previous volunteer's dilemma models, the payoff ratio and overall group size also influence the probability of volunteerism. The probability of volunteerism decreases with increasing group size or decreasing cost-to-benefit ratio of the coplayers; in the presence of asymmetrical interactions, subordinate players were more likely to offer public goods than the dominant player. More asymmetrical interactions decrease the probability of volunteerism of the dominant player; overall volunteerism increases with increasing relatedness.

关键词：不对称性志愿者关联性合作游戏相互作用社会团体关联程度

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Craniofacial morphological microevolution of Holocene populations in northern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1661-1668页

作者： WU Xiujie LIU Wu ZHANG QuanChao ZHU Hong christopher j. NORTON Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Laboratory of Quatemary Paleontology Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011-4099 USA

In order to better understand microevolutionary processes in Holocene Chinese craniofacial mor- phology, an analysis has been done on 21 metric traits on Neolithic (n=161), Bronze Age (n=423) and modern (n=134) adult male skulls from northern China. The results indicate that the physical characters of these Chinese populations evolved throughout the Holocene. From the Neolithic to Bronze Age to present day, general trends include: cranial and facial sizes decrease; the nose gets narrower and longer; the orbits become narrower and higher; the head is more globular. The expression of the cranial features varies between the different time periods. The decrease in cranial size primarily occurred from the Bronze Age to present day. However, the decrease in facial size, the narrowing of the nose, and the elevation of the orbits took place throughout the Holocene. These traits are likely still evolving. This evolving pattern of the cranial features for the Holocene Chinese populations is similar to that found elsewhere in the world. The decrease in overall craniofacial size is associated with changes in climate and diet. In addition, it is possible that the craniofacial morphological microevolution is controlled by human evolutionary mechanisms.

关键词：全新世中国人人类微进化颅面形态

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Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3101-3111页

作者： christopher j Danford Steven C Lin Martin P Smith jacqueline L Wolf Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Department of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspecific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease.

关键词： Abdominal cocoon Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis Peritoneal sclerosis Peritonectomy Enterolysis Peritoneal dialysis Tamoxifen Corticosteroids

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Liver Fibrosis Helps to Distinguish Autoimmune Hepatitis from DILI with Autoimmune Features: A Review of Twenty Cases

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019年第1期7卷 21-26页

作者： christopher A.Febres-Aldana Sarah Alghamdi Kritika Krishnamurthy Robert j.Poppiti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFLUSA Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA

Background and Aims:Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features(AI-DILI)mimics the clinical presentation,and laboratory and pathologic features of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).We aimed to identify histopathologic hallmarks to differentiate these ***:All liver biopsies archived for the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of recently detected liver injury associated with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic interphase hepatitis,positive markers for liver autoimmunity,and negative tests for viral *** cases were divided into AIH(n=12)or AI-DILI(n=8)*** qualitative evaluation of necroinflammatory changes and liver fibrosis were performed according to the Scheuer scoring *** densities were determined using Imagej(V1.51t,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,USA).Fibrosis was assessed on Masson trichrome-stained slides,and collagen deposition was estimated following a protocol of color ***:Necroinflammatory changes as well as densities(portal and lobular)of neutrophils and eosinophils,intracellular cholestasis,and regenerative changes did not differ between the two groups(P≥0.05).Neutrophil densities but not eosinophils showed a positive correlation with the severity of hepatocellular damage(r=0.6and 0.58,*** aminotransferase,P<0.05).Ceroidladen macrophages but not histiocytic aggregates appeared to be more common in AI-DILI(P<0.05).AIH patients presented more often with evidence of chronic damage,including higher scores of fibrosis and collagen deposition,in comparison to AI-DILI(P<0.05).Conclusions:Although there is no histologic feature pathognomonic for AI-DILI or AIH,advanced stages of liver fibrosis can be used to support the diagnosis of AIH in some *** diagnosis of AI-DILI requires follow-up and demonstration of complete remission after drug withdrawal with no need for immunosuppression.

关键词： DILI Autoimmune hepatitis Liver fibrosis Digital pathology

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"Miles wide and miles deep"-Exploring the depth and breadth of geoscience during the first ten years of Geoscience Frontiers

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1219-1221页

作者： christopher j. Spencer Nick M.W.Roberts Damian Nance The Institute of Geoscience Research (TIGeR) School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological Survey Department of Geological Sciences Ohio University Department of Geology and Geophysics Yale University

When early explorers first crossed the Platte River in what is now Nebraska (USA), it was said the river was “a mile wide and an inch deep”(Mokler, 1923;Smith, 1971). This phrase was used to describe not only the difficulty in crossing the river but also in navigating its length. The trouble with a river being too wide is the risk that it won’t provide the depth necessary to be useful. The same thing can be said of multidisciplinary scientific journals. While a journal can claim to be multidisciplinary, there is a risk of it being so broad that its articles can only engage the reader at a superficial level. Nothing could be further from the truth with Geoscience Frontiers. Over the past ten years, this journal has successfully navigated the wide breadth of geoscience while providing a level of depth and detail that rivals discipline-specific journals.

关键词： engage its was can past be is now

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Inflation Targeting and Inflation Persistence

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Economic and Political Studies 2015年第1期3卷 3-17页

作者： GEORGE j.BRATSIOTIS jAKOB MADSEN christopher MARTIN the School of Social Sciences University of Manchester the Department of Economics Monash University the Department of Economics University of Bath

This paper argues that the adoption of an inflation target reduces the persistence of *** develop the theoretical literature on inflation persistence by introducing a Taylor Rule for monetary policy into a model of persistence and showing that inflation targets reduce inflation *** investigate changes in the time series properties of inflation in seven countries that introduced inflation targets in the late 1980s or early *** find that the persistence of inflation is greatly reduced or eliminated following the introduction of inflation targets.

关键词： Taylor Rule inflation targeting Phillips Curve inf

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics

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The journal of Biomedical Research 2018年第6期32卷 389-400页

作者： christopher j.Danford Zemin Yao Z.Gordon jiang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challenges in NAFLD is identifying which patients will progress. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate a strong pattern of heritability that may explain some of the variability in NAFLD phenotype and risk of progression. To date, at least three common genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6 SF2, and GCKR genes have been robustly linked to NAFLD in the population. The function of these genes revealed novel pathways implicated in both the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition,candidate genes previously implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis have also been identified as determinants or modulators of NAFLD phenotype including genes involved in hepatocellular lipid handling, insulin resistance,inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This article will review the current understanding of the genetics underpinning the development of hepatic steatosis and the progression of NASH. These newly acquired insights may transform our strategy to risk-stratify patients with NAFLD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： NAFLD NASH genetics PNPLA3 TM6SF2 GCKR MBOAT7

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