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Hollow ion atomic structure and X-ray emission in dense hot plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第6期9卷 43-52页

作者： Frank B.Rosmej christopher J.Fontes Sorbonne University Faculty of Science and EngineeringUMR 7605Case 1284 Place JussieuF-75252 ParisFrance Ecole Polytechnique LULIAtomic Physics in Dense PlasmasRoute de SaclayF-91129 PalaiseauFrance Computational Physics Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Hollow ion X-ray emission is of great interest in high-energy-density research,since negligible opacity allows studies from the interior of very dense *** this paper,ionization potential depressions of the isoelectronic sequences for single and double K-shell vacancies are obtained from a pure ab initio multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock simulation including exact exchange terms and finite temperature dense plasma *** is demonstrated that the simultaneous representation of these ab initio data in the form of a map of hollow ion X-ray transition energies enables identification of important steps in the matter evolution and ionization *** along the isoelectronic sequence as a function of the pumping energy of a X-ray free electron laser also enables visualization of the impact of ionization potential depression on the pathways of hollow ion formation.

关键词： enable interior steps

Severe acute pancreatitis： pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical management

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 155-159页

作者： Mark Portelli christopher David Jones Department of General Surgery University Hospital Ayr Ayr KA6 6DX UK

BACKGROUND： Severe acute pancreatitis is a subtype of acute pancreatitis, associated with multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In this qualitative review we looked at the principles of pathogenesis, classification and surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis. We also looked at the current shift in paradigm in the management of severe acute pancreatitis since the guideline developed by the British Society of *** SOURCES： Studies published between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2015 were identified with Pub Med, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar online search engines using the following Medical Subject Headings： “acute pancreatitis, necrosis, mortality, pathogenesis, incidence” and the terms “open necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy”.The National Institute of Clinical Excellence（NICE） Guidelines were also included in our study. Inclusion criteria for our clinical review included established guidelines, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials with a follow-up duration of more than 6 ***： The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis within the UK is significantly rising and pathogenetic theories are still controversial. In developed countries, the most common cause is biliary calculi. The British Society of Gastroenterology,acknowledges the Revised Atlanta criteria for prediction of severity. A newer Determinant-based system has been *** principle of surgical management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis requires intensive care management, identifying infection and if indicated, debridement of any infected necrotic area. The current procedures opted for include standard surgical open necrosectomy, endoscopic necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy. The current paradigm is shifting towards a step-up ***： Severe acute pancreatitis is still a subject of grey areas in its surgical management even though new studies have been recorde

关键词： severe acute pancreatitis acute pancreatitis necrosis mortality pathogenesis incidence open necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy

Emerging trends in expansive soil stabilisation: A review

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第2期11卷 423-440页

作者： Chijioke christopher Ikeagwuani Donald Chimobi Nwonu Civil Engineering Department University of Nigeria

Expansive soils are problematic due to the performances of their clay mineral constituent, which makes them exhibit the shrink-swell characteristics. The shrink-swell behaviours make expansive soils inappropriate for direct engineering application in their natural form. In an attempt to make them more feasible for construction purposes, numerous materials and techniques have been used to stabilise the soil. In this study, the additives and techniques applied for stabilising expansive soils will be focused on,with respect to their efficiency in improving the engineering properties of the soils. Then we discussed the microstructural interaction, chemical process, economic implication, nanotechnology application, as well as waste reuse and sustainability. Some issues regarding the effective application of the emerging trends in expansive soil stabilisation were presented with three categories, namely geoenvironmental,standardisation and optimisation issues. Techniques like predictive modelling and exploring methods such as reliability-based design optimisation, response surface methodology, dimensional analysis, and artificial intelligence technology were also proposed in order to ensure that expansive soil stabilisation is efficient.

关键词： Expansive soil Engineering properties Soil stabilisation Geoenvironmental issues Standardisation Optimisation

Tissue engineering in urethral reconstruction--an update

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 89-92页

作者： Altaf Mangera christopher R Chapple Department of Urology Research Sheffield Teaching Hospitals N HS Trust Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield S10 2JF U K and Sheffield Hallam University and Consultant Urological Surgeon at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield S10 2JF UK

The field of tissue engineering is rapidly progressing. Much work has gone into developing a tissue engineered urethral graft. Current grafts, when long, can create initial donor site morbidity. In this article, we evaluate the progress made in finding a tissue engineered substitute for the human urethra. Researchers have investigated cell-free and cell-seeded grafts. We discuss different approaches to developing these grafts and review their reported successes in human studies. With further work, tissue engineered grafts may facilitate the management of lengthy urethral strictures requiring oral mucosa substitution urethroplasty.

关键词： reconstructive urology tissue engineering urethra urethroplasty

Once upon a time biomass burning in the western Alps: Nesting effects of climate and local drivers on long-term subalpine fires

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 257-266页

作者： christopher Carcaillet Benjamin Boulley Frederique Carcaillet Univ Lyon Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPE(UMR LEHNA)F-69622VilleurbanneFrance Paris Sciences&Lettres University(PSL) Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)F-75014ParisFrance NaturCom Chair Universite de MontpellierF-34000MontpellierFrance MARBEC(Universite de Montpellier CNRSIfremerIRD)F-34000MontpellierFrance

Background:The present article questions the relative importance of local-and large-scale processes on the long-term dynamics of fire in the subalpine belt in the western *** study is based on soil charcoal dating and identification,several study sites in contrasting environmental conditions,and sampling of soil charcoal along the elevation gradient of each *** on local differences in biomass combustion,we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale processes have driven the fire history,while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importance of large-scale or macro-ecological processes,especially ***:Biomass burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of climate,land use,and altitude,but was little influenced by slope exposure(north versus south),soil(dryness,pH,depth),and *** mid-Holocene(6500–2700 cal BP)was an important period for climate-driven biomass burning in the subalpine ecosystems of the western Alps,while fires over the last 2500 years appear much more episodic,prompting us to speculate that human activity has played a vital role in their ***:Our working hypothesis that the strength of local drivers should offset the effects of regional climate is not *** homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores that climate was the main driver during the Holocene of the western ***-term subalpine fires are controlled by climate at the millennial *** conditions matter for little in determining variability at the century *** mid-Holocene was a chief period for climatic biomass burning in the subalpine zone,while fires during the late Holocene appear much more episodic,suggesting that social drivers has exercised key function on their control.

关键词： Biomass burning Subalpine forest Climate Landscape Pedoanthracology Radiocarbon dating Pyrogenic carbon

The endocannabinoid system：＇NO＇ longer anonymous in the control of nitrergic signalling？

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第2期9卷 91-103页

作者： christopher Lipina Harinder S. Hundal Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology Sir James Black Centre School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee DD1 5EH UK

The endocannabinoid system （ECS） is a key cellular signalling system that has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. Importantly, growing evidence suggests that the biological actions of the ECS may, in part, be mediated through its ability to regulate the production and/or release of nitric oxide, a ubiquitous bioactive molecule, which functions as a versatile signalling intermediate. Herein, we review and discuss evidence pertaining to ECS-mediated regulation of nitric oxide production, as well as the involvement of reactive nitrogen species in regulating ECS-induced signal transduction by highlighting emerging work support- ing nitrergic modulation of ECS function. Importantly, the studies outlined reveal that interactions between the ECS and nitrergic sig- nalling systems can be both stimulatory and inhibitory in nature, depending on cellular context. Moreover, such crosstalk may act to maintain proper cell function, whereas abnormalities in either system can undermine cellular homoeostasis and contribute to vari- ous pathologies associated with their dysregulation. Consequently, future studies targeting these signalling systems may provide new insights into the potential role of the ECS-nitric oxide signalling axis in disease development and/or lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of nitrosative stress-related neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders.

关键词： endocannabinoid system reactive nitrogen species nitric oxide nitrosative stress cannabinoid receptor

On a connectedness principle of Shokurov-Kollr type

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第3期62卷 411-416页

作者： christopher D.Hacon Jingjun Han Department of Mathematics University of Utah Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking University

Let(X, ?) be a log pair over S, such that-(KX+ ?) is nef over S. It is conjectured that the intersection of the non-klt(non Kawamata log terminal) locus of(X, ?) with any fiber Xs has at most two connected components. We prove this conjecture in dimension no greater than 4 and in arbitrary dimension assuming the termination of klt flips.

关键词： minimal model program non-klt locus connectedness

NONDEGENERACY OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO HOMOGENEOUS SECOND-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2009年第2期29卷 435-446页

作者：戴求亿 christopher C. Tisdell Department of Mathematics Hunan Normal University School of Mathematics the University of New South Wales

This article considers the Dirichlet problem of homogeneous and inhomogeneous second-order ordinary differential systems. A nondegeneracy result is proven for positive solutions of homogeneous systems. Sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of multiple positive solutions for inhomogeneous systems are obtained by making use of the nondegeneracy and uniqueness results of homogeneous systems.

关键词： Second ordinary differential system Dirichlet problem positive solution nondegeneracy multiplicity result

Expansions for the Distribution and the Maximum from Distributions with an Asymptotically Gamma Tail When a Trend Is Present

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第3期31卷 526-542页

作者： christopher S.WITHERS Saralees NADARAJAH Industrial Research Limited University of Manchester

We give expansions about the Gumbel distribution in inverse powers of n and logn for Mn, the maximum of a sample size n or n ＋ 1 when the j-th observation is μ（j/n）＋ ej, μ is any smooth trend flmction and the residuals {ej} are independent and identically distributed with P（e〉r）≈exp（-δx）x^do ∑k=1 ∞ckx^-kβ as -x→∞. We illustrate practical value of the expansions using simulated data sets.

关键词： Bell polynomials expansions exponential and gamma tails Gumbel maximum trend