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High-performance all-polymer solar cells with only 0.47 eV energy loss

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第10期63卷 1449-1460页

作者： Qiang Wu Wei Wang Tao Wang Rui Sun jing Guo Yao Wu Xuechen jiao christoph j.brabec Yongfang Li jie Min The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold(Ministry of Education) Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityAustralian SynchrotronClaytonVictoriaAustralia Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology(i-MEET) Friedrich-A lexander-Universitat-Erlangen-NiirnbergErlangenGermany

The field of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)has experienced rapid development during the past few years,mainly driven by the development of efficient polymer ***,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of the all-PSCs are still limited by insufficient light absorption of the donor/acceptor blend and large energy loss in *** herein designed a polymer acceptor PYT1 constructed n-type molecular acceptor Y5-C20 as the key building block and blended it with a polymer donor PM6 to obtain an all-polymer photoactive *** optimized PM6:PYT1 all-PSCs achieved a record higher PCE of 13.43%with a very low energy loss of 0.47 eV and a photoresponse of up to 900 nm compared with the Y5-C20 based device with a best PCE of 9.42%.Furthermore,the PCEs of the PM6:PYT1 all-PSCs are relatively insensitive to the 1-chloronaphthalene(CN)additive contents and active layer *** results also highlight the effect of CN additive on PM6:PYT1 morphology,i.e.,charge generation,and transport find an optimized balance,and radiative and non-radiative loss is simultaneously reduced in the *** work promotes the development of high-performance polymer acceptors and heralds a brighter future of all-PSCs for commercial applications.

关键词： all-polymer solar cells polymer acceptor absorption coefficient energy loss mechanical stability

Deciphering the Origins of P1-Induced Power Losses in Cu(In_(x),Ga_(1–x))Se2(CIGS)Modules Through Hyperspectral Luminescence

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1395-1402页

作者： César Omar Ramírez Quiroz Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand christoph j.brabec joachim Müller Kay Orgassa NICE Solar Energy GmbH Schwaebisch Hall 74523Germany Photon Etc.Inc. MontréalQC H2S 2X3Canada Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology(i-MEET) Department for Material ScienceFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen 91058Germany Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy Production Energy(IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHErlangen 91058Germany

In this report,we show that hyperspectral high-resolution photoluminescence mapping is a powerful tool for the selection and optimiz1ation of the laser ablation processes used for the patterning interconnections of subcells on Cu(Inx,Ga1-x)Se2(CIGS)*** this way,we show that in-depth monitoring of material degradation in the vicinity of the ablation region and the identification of the underlying mechanisms can be ***,by analyzing the standard P1 patterning line ablated before the CIGS deposition,we reveal an anomalous emission-quenching effect that follows the edge of the molybdenum groove *** further rationalize the origins of this effect by comparing the topography of the P1 edge through a scanning electron microscope(SEM)cross-section,where a reduction of the photoemission cannot be explained by a thickness *** also investigate the laser-induced damage on P1 patterning lines performed after the deposition of *** then document,for the first time,the existence of a short-range damaged area,which is independent of the application of an optical aperture on the laser *** findings pave the way for a better understanding of P1-induced power losses and introduce new insights into the improvement of current strategies for industry-relevant module interconnection schemes.

关键词： Cu(In_(x),Ga_(1-x))Se2 Cell-to-module efficiency gap P1-induced power losses Hyperspectral photoluminescence Laser ablation short-range heat effect

Embedding physics domain knowledge into a Bayesian network enables layer-by-layer process innovation for photovoltaics

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1592-1600页

作者： Zekun Ren Felipe Oviedo Maung Thway Siyu I.P.Tian Yue Wang Hansong Xue jose Dario Perea Mariya Layurova Thomas Heumueller Erik Birgersson Armin G.Aberle christoph j.brabec Rolf Stangl Qianxiao Li Shijing Sun Fen Lin Ian Marius Peters Tonio Buonassisi Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SMART Singapore 138602Singapore Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139USA Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology(i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Helmholtz Institute HI-ErN Forschungszentrum JülichImmerwahrstrasse 291058 ErlangenGermany National University of Singapore Singapore 119077Singapore

Process optimization of photovoltaic devices is a time-intensive,trial-and-error endeavor,which lacks full transparency of the underlying physics and relies on user-imposed constraints that may or may not lead to a global ***,we demonstrate that embedding physics domain knowledge into a Bayesian network enables an optimization approach for gallium arsenide(GaAs)solar cells that identifies the root cause(s)of underperformance with layer-by-layer resolution and reveals alternative optimal process windows beyond traditional black-box *** Bayesian network approach links a key GaAs process variable(growth temperature)to material descriptors(bulk and interface properties,e.g.,bulk lifetime,doping,and surface recombination)and device performance parameters(e.g.,cell efficiency).For this purpose,we combine a Bayesian inference framework with a neural network surrogate device-physics model that is 100×faster than numerical *** the trained surrogate model and only a small number of experimental samples,our approach reduces significantly the time-consuming intervention and characterization required by the *** a demonstration of our method,in only five metal organic chemical vapor depositions,we identify a superior growth temperature profile for the window,bulk,and back surface field layer of a GaAs solar cell,without any secondary measurements,and demonstrate a 6.5%relative AM1.5G efficiency improvement above traditional grid search methods.

关键词： knowledge network enable

Author Correction:Embedding physics domain knowledge into a Bayesian network enables layer-by-layer process innovation for photovoltaics

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 955-955页

作者： Zekun Ren Felipe Oviedo Maung Thway Siyu I.P.Tian Yue Wang Hansong Xue jose Dario Perea Mariya Layurova Thomas Heumueller Erik Birgersson Armin G.Aberle christoph j.brabec Rolf Stangl Qianxiao Li Shijing Sun Fen Lin Ian Marius Peters Tonio Buonassisi Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SMART Singapore Singapore Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Helmholtz Institute HI-ErN Forschungszentrum Jülich Erlangen Germany National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

In the original version of the published Article,there was ambiguity in Eq.(1).To improve clarity,Eq.(1)has been corrected to the following.

关键词： enable corrected ambiguity

Production of the X(4014)as the Spin-2 Partner of X(3872)in e^(+)e^(-)Collisions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第3期41卷 30-36页

作者： Pan-Pan Shi Vadim Baru Feng-Kun Guo christoph Hanhart Alexey Nefediev CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Departamento de F′ısica Te′orica and IFIC Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC Institutos de Investigaci′on de PaternaAptdo.2208546071 ValenciaSpain Institut fur Theoretische Physik II Ruhr-Universitat BochumD-44780 BochumGermany Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute for Advanced Simulation Institut fur Kernphysik and Julich Center for Hadron PhysicsForschungszentrum JulichD-52425 JulichGermany jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 391000LjubljanaSlovenia CeFEMA Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced MaterialsInstituto Superior T′ecnicoAvenida Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal

In 2021,the Belle collaboration reported the first observation of a new structure in theψ(2S)γfinal state produced in the two-photon fusion *** the hadronic molecule picture,this new structure can be associatedwith the shallow isoscalar D*D* bound state and as such is an excellent candidate for the spin-2 partner of the X(3872)with the quantum numbers j^(PC)=2^(++)conventionally named X_(2).

关键词： process X(3872) Collisions

Recent progress in thick-film organic photovoltaic devices:Materials,devices,and processing

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SusMat 2021年第1期1卷 4-23页

作者： Difei Zhang Baobing Fan Lei Ying Ning Li christoph j.brabec Fei Huang Yong Cao Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640P.R.China Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology(i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergMartensstr.7Erlangen 91058Germany Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy(HIERN) Immerwahrstr.2Erlangen 91058Germany

A successful transfer of organic photovoltaic technologies from lab to fab has to overcome a range of critical challenges such as developing high-mobility light-harvesting materials,minimizing the upscaling losses,designing advanced solar modules,controlling film quality,decreasing overall cost,and extending long-operation *** realize large-area devices toward practical applications,much effort has been devoted to understanding the fundamental mechanism of how molecular structures,device architectures,interfacial engineering,and light management and carrier dynamics affect photovoltaic *** studies addressed various fundamental issues of charge carrier behavior in organic heterojunctions primarily in terms of exciton generation dependence upon light incidence,charge transportation dependence on built-in electric field,and charge extraction versus *** consideration of high-throughput roll-to-roll process for large-scale fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices,it is highly appreciable to realize high power conversion efficiencies that are highly tolerable to the film *** we summarize the recent progress in developing thick-film organic photovoltaic devices from the perspective of efficiency-loss mechanisms,material design,and device optimization strategies,proposing guidelines for designing high-efficiency thickness-insensitive devices toward mass production.

关键词： charge transport material design organic solar cells thick film

Three-dimensional CityGML building models in mobile augmented reality: a smartphone-based pose tracking system

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International journal of Digital Earth 2021年第1期14卷 32-51页

作者： christoph Blut jörg Blankenbach Geodetic Institute Department of Computing in Civil Engineering and Geo-Information SystemsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

Many augmented reality(AR)systems are developed for entertainment,but AR and particularly mobile AR potentially have more application possibilities in other *** example,in civil engineering or city planning,AR could be used in combination with CityGML building models to enhance some typical workflows in planning,execution and operation processes.A concrete example is the geo-referenced on-site visualization of planned buildings or building parts,to simplify planning processes and optimize the communication between the participating *** of the main challenges for the visualization lies in the pose tracking,*** real-time estimation of the translation and rotation of the mobile device to align the virtual objects with *** this paper,we introduce a proof-of-concept fine-grained mobile AR CityGML-based pose tracking system aimed at the mentioned *** system estimates poses by combining 3D CityGML data with information derived from 2D camera images and an inertial measurement unit and is fully self-sufficient and operates without external *** results of our evaluation show that CityGML and low-cost off-the-shelf mobile devices,such as smartphones,already provide performant and accurate mobile pose tracking for AR in civil engineering and city planning.

关键词： Mobile augmented reality pose tracking CityGML 3D city model Android smartphone

CityGML goes mobile: application of large 3D CityGML models on smartphones

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International journal of Digital Earth 2019年第1期12卷 25-42页

作者： christoph Blut Timothy Blut jörg Blankenbach Department of Computing in Civil Engineering and Geo Information Systems Geodetic InstituteRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

CityGML,a semantic information model for digital/virtual city models has become quite popular in various *** the data format is still actively under development,it is already supported by different software solutions,especially GIS-based desktop *** systems on the other hand are still neglected,even though the georeferenced objects of CityGML have many application fields,for example,in the currently popular area of location-based Augmented *** this paper we present an independent multi-platform CityGML viewer,its architecture and specific implementation techniques that we use to realize and optimize the process of visualizing CityGML data for use in Augmented *** main focus lies in improving the implementation on mobile devices,such as smartphones,and assessing its usability and performance in comparison to web-based *** to the constrained hardware resources of smartphones,it is a particular challenge to handle complex 3D objects and large virtual worlds as provided by CityGML,not only in terms of memory and storage space,but also with respect to mobile processing units and display sizes.

关键词： CityGML city model android 3D visualization real-time rendering

Stand dynamics of the drought-affected floodplain forests of Araguaia River,Brazilian Amazon

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第3期4卷 201-210页

作者： jürgen Homeier Dariusz Kurzatkowski christoph Leuschner Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences University of Goettingen

Background： The floodplain forests of Araguaia River, a clear-water river in the southeastern Amazon（Tocantins State, Brazil）, are characterized by seasonal flooding up to 3.5 m height, low nutrient levels in the water, and seasonal drought periods of 4–5 ***： We studied the forest dynamics（tree diameter growth, tree mortality and recruitment） of this unique forest ecosystem over a 5-year period by repeated censuses in 12 permanent plots established along a flooding ***： The cumulative basal area in the plots increased by 0.84（±0.45） m^2·ha^-1·yr^-1（mean ±SD） in the annual y-flooded（AF） plots in lower terrain and by 0.69（±1.00） m^2·ha^-1·yr^-1 in the higher non-annual y flooded（NAF） plots, corresponding to an aboveground biomass increase of 0.81（±0.57） and 0.69（±1.58） Mg·ha^-1·yr^-1 in the AF and NAF plots, indicating a recent carbon sink in the biomass. Mean diameter growth rate was 1.8（±0.44） mm·yr^-1 in the AF and 2.0（±0.56） mm·yr^-1 in the NAF plots（corresponding to a coarse wood production of 1.53（±1.29） and 2.02（±0.52） Mg·ha^-1·yr^-1）,indicating no flooding effect on radial growth. Mean mortality rates in the 5-year period were 1.9（±0.37）·yr^-1 in the AF plots and 1.8（±0.87）%·yr^-1 in the NAF plots with no differences along the flooding gradient. Highest mortalities were registered in the AF plots for the 10–20 cm dbh class（2.4%·yr^-1）, likely as a consequence of flooding,and in the NAF plots for the 40–50 cm dbh class（3.0%·yr^-1）, probably mainly caused by ENSO-related ***： We conclude that these drought-affected tropical floodplain forests have a lower standing biomass and aboveground productivity than central Amazonian floodplain forests in more humid climates, and the imprint of the flooding gradient on stand dynamics is relatively weak, which may result from the lower flooding height and the interaction of flooding with low nutrient supply and periodic drought.

关键词： Amazon Diameter growth Dry season Flooding regime Mortality rate Productivity Tree recruitment