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Improvement of the corrosion Resistance of High Alloyed Austenitic cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steels by Solution Nitriding

材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 316-321页

作者： christine Eckstein Heinz- Joachim Spies Jochen Albrecht Dept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyDept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyInstitut Fresenius GmbH Solid State Analytic Zur Wetterwarte 10Haus 107 01109 Dresden Germany

characteristic features of austenitic steel grades combine a good corrosion resistance with a low hardness, wear resistance and scratch resistance. An interesting possibility for improving the wear behaviour of these steels without loss of their corrosion resistance lies in enriching the near surface region with nitrogen. The process of a solution nitriding allows the rise of the solution of nitrogen in the solid phase. On this state nitrogen increases the corrosion resistance and the tribilogical load-bearing capacity. The aim of the study was, to investigate the improvement of the pitting corrosion behaviour by solution nitriding. A special topic was to observe the effect of nitrogen by different molybdenum content. So austenitic stainless steels (18% cr, 12% Ni, Mo gradation between 0.06 to 3.6%) had been solution nitrided. The samples could be prepared with various surface content of nitrogen from 0.04 to 0.45% with a step-by-step grinding. The susceptibility against pitting corrosion of these samples had been tested by determination of the stable pitting potential in 0.5M and 1M Nacl at 25°c. For the investigated steel composition and the used corrosion system there is no influence of molybdenum on the effectiveness of nitrogen. The influence of nitrogen to all of the determined parameters can be described well by PRE = cr + 3,3 * Mo + 25 *N. XPS analysis of the sample surfaces support the results of the pitting corrosion *** surface investigations with an acid elektolyte (0,1M Hc1 + 0,4M Nacl) were performed. In this case the passivation effective nitrogen content increases markedly with rising molybdenum concentration of the steel. Obviously an interaction of Mo and N is connected with a strongly acid electrolyte.

关键词：耐蚀性奥氏体不锈钢 cr-Ni-Mo 渗氮 PRE 稳定点蚀电位

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Stereoselective Functionalization at c-2 and c-3 of the Gibberellin via an Intramolecular Free Radical cyclization Approach

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chinese chemical Letters 2001年第5期12卷 397-398页

作者： An Qi cHEN christine L.WILLIS Department of chemistry Xiamen UniversityXiamen3610052School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK BS81TS

Stereoselective functionalization at c-2 and c-3 of the gibberellin skeleton was achieved via an intramolecular free radical cyclization approach using a tethered c-19 halomethyl ester as the radical precursor.

关键词： Gibberellin lactonization free radical cyclization.

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Tissue-specific Tregs in cancer metastasis:opportunities for precision immunotherapy

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 33-45页

作者： Laura A.Huppert Michael D.Green Luke Kim christine chow Yan Leyfman Adil I.Daud James c.Lee Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann ArborMIUSA University of california San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCAUSA Penn State college of Medicine HersheyPAUSA Parker Institute for cancer Immunotherapy San FranciscoCAUSA

Decades of advancements in immuno-oncology have enabled the development of current immunotherapies,which provide longterm treatment responses in certain metastatic cancer ***,cures remain infrequent,and most patients ultimately succumb to treatment-refractory metastatic *** insights suggest that tumors at certain organ sites exhibit distinctive response patterns to immunotherapy and can even reduce antitumor immunity within anatomically distant tumors,suggesting the activation of tissue-specific immune tolerogenic mechanisms in some cases of therapy *** immune cells known as regulatory T cells(Tregs)are present within all tissues in the body and coordinate the suppression of excessive immune activation to curb autoimmunity and maintain immune *** the high volume of research on Tregs,the findings have failed to reconcile tissue-specific Treg functions in organs,such as tolerance,tissue repair,and regeneration,with their suppression of local and systemic tumor immunity in the context of immunotherapy *** improve the understanding of how the tissue-specific functions of Tregs impact cancer immunotherapy,we review the specialized role of Tregs in clinically common and challenging organ sites of cancer metastasis,highlight research that describes Treg impacts on tissue-specific and systemic immune regulation in the context of immunotherapy,and summarize ongoing work reporting clinically feasible strategies that combine the specific targeting of Tregs with systemic cancer *** knowledge of Tregs in the framework of their tissue-specific biology and clinical sites of organ metastasis will enable more precise targeting of immunotherapy and have profound implications for treating patients with metastatic cancer.

关键词： Tissue Tregs Immunotherapy Organ-specific tolerance Metastasis cancer

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Using the USLE: chances, challenges and limitations of soil erosion modelling

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 203-225页

作者： christine Alewell Pasquale Borrelli Katrin Meusburger Panos Panagos Environmental Geosciences University of BaselSwitzerland Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland European commission Joint Research CenterIspraItaly

To give soils and soil degradation,which are among the most crucial threats to ecosystem stability,social and political visibility,small and large scale modelling and mapping of soil erosion is *** most widely used approaches during an 80year history of erosion modelling are Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type based algorithms which have been applied in 109 *** soil erosion by water (excluding gully erosion and land sliding),we start this review with a statistical evaluation of nearly 2,000 publications).We discuss model developments which use USLE-type equations as basis or side modules,but we also address recent development of the single USLE parameters (R,K,LS,c,P).Importance,aim and limitations of model validation as well as a comparison of USLE-type models with other erosion assessment tools are *** comparisons demonstrate that the application of process-based physical models (e.g.,WEPP or PESERA) does not necessarily result in lower uncertainties compared to more simple structured empirical models such as USLE-type *** identified four key areas for future research:(i) overcoming the principally different nature of modelled (gross) versus measured (net) erosion rates,in coupling on-site erosion risk to runoff patterns,and depositional regime,(ii) using the recent increase in spatial resolution of remote sensing data to develop process based models for large scale applications,(iii) strengthen and extend measurement and monitoring programs to build up validation data sets,and (iv) rigorous uncertainty assessment and the application of objective evaluation criteria to soil erosion modelling.

关键词： Universal soil loss equation RUSLE cSLE Soil redistribution Soil degradation Water erosion Model Review

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Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： Ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso Myriam Filion Spencer J.Allen Stephanie M.Ntoukas Gordon J.Bell Jessica McNeil Qinggang Wang Margaret L.McNeely Jeff K.Vallance Lin Yang S.Nicole culos-Reed Leanne Dickau John R.Mackey christine M.Friedenreich Kerry S.courneya Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of Kinesiology School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness(HRF)and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast cancer cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of *** measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness(peak volume of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal muscular strength and endurance,flexibility,and body *** measures included depression,sleep quality,and *** multivariable logistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sleep quality,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** multivariable-adjusted models,lower relative VO_(2peak)was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures,including moderate depression(pcant fatigue(p=0.008),any symptom(pciations with all symptom measures such that all 3 lower quartiles exhibited similar elevated risk compared to the highest *** strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sleep quality to-3.0 for moderate depression and multiple ***,lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).conclusion:Relative VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical HRF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sleep quality cardiorespiratory fitness

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Growth differentiation factor 6,a repressive target of EZH2,promotes the commitment of human embryonic stem cells to mesenchymal stem cells

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 439-446页

作者： Pend Deng Yongxin Yu christine Hong cun-Yu Wang Laboratory of Molecular Signaling Division of Oral Biology and MedicineSchool of DentistryUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Section of Orthodontics Division of Growth and DevelopmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Jonsson comprehensive cancer center Broad Stem Cell Research Institute and Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Mesenchymal stem cells(MScs)derived from human embryonic stem cells(hEScs)have significant potential for cell-mediated bone *** recent study revealed that inhibiting the epigenetic regulator EZH2 plays a key role in promoting the mesodermal differentiation of *** this study,an epigenome-wide analysis of hEScs and MScs revealed that growth differentiation factor 6(GDF6),which is involved in bone formation,was the most upregulated gene associated with MScs compared to ***,we identified GDF6 as a repressive target of EZH2 and found that ectopic GDF6 selectively promoted hESc differentiation towards the mesodermal lineage and enriched the MSc *** results provide molecular insights governing the mesenchymal commitment of hEScs and identify an inducing factor that offers strong promise for the future of regenerative medicine.

关键词： EZH2 mesenchymal inhibiting

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Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in postliver transplant patients with previous direct-acting antiviral failure:Six case reports

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第12期12卷 1341-1348页

作者： cory Higley christine c Hsu coleman Smith Sandeep Nadella Alexander T.Lalos Department of Medicine MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States Transplant Institute MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Gastroenterology Medstar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States

BAcKGROUND Direct-acting antiviral(DAA)therapy regimens are highly effective at eliminating hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection but rates of sustained virologic response(SVR)are lower in patients with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular *** many of these patients will be referred for liver transplant,they will require retreatment after ***/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir(SOF/VEL/VOX)is recommended by guidelines as the preferred regimen to treat HcV in DAA-experienced patients following liver transplant however there is limited *** SUMMARY We present the cases of six liver transplant recipients who had previous treatment failure with sofosbuvir-based DAA therapy prior to transplantation and who then received SOF/VEL/VOX after *** This case series demonstrate the real-world efficacy and safety of SOF/VEL/VOX in the post liver transplant *** was successful with all patients achieving SVR,it was well tolerated,and there were minimal drug-drug interactions with their immunosuppressants.

关键词： Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir Hepatitis c Liver transplant Directacting antiviral Drug-drug interactions case report

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Hydrolysable chestnut Tannin Extract chemical complexity in Its Reactions for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes(NIPU)Foams

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2823-2848页

作者： Elham Azadeh Antonio Pizzi christine Gerardin-charbonnier Philippe Gerardin LERMAB Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of LorraineVandoeuvre les Nancy54506France LERMAB University of LorraineEpinal88051France

Non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract,chestnut wood tannin extract,have been prepared to determine what chemical species and products are taking part in the reactions *** method is based on two main steps:the reaction with dimethyl carbonate and the formation of urethane bonds by further reaction of the carbonated tannin with a diamine-like hexamethylene *** hydroxyl groups on the tannin polyphenols and on the carbohydrates intimately linked with it and part of a hydrolysable tannin are the groups involved in these *** carbohydrate skeleton of the hydrolysable tannin is also able to participate through its hydroxyl groups to the same two reactions rendering the whole molecular complex able to react to form *** analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization(MALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry and 13c Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13c NMR)to further investigate the reaction mechanisms involved revealed the unsuspected complexity of chestnut hydrolysable tannin,with different fragments reacting in different manners forming a hardened network of considerable *** the morphology and performance of these types of foams changes slightly with the change in the amount of glutaraldehyde and hexamine hardeners,the best performing foam formulation previously determined was scanned by SEM and analysed chemically for the structures formed.

关键词： Hydrolysable tannin chestnut tannin non-isocyanate bio polyurethanes NIPU MALDI-ToF ^(13)c NMR SEM bio-based materials

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Mimotope-based allergen-specific immunotherapy: ready for prime time?

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第11期16卷 890-891页

作者： Nicki Y.H.Leung christine Y.Y.Wai Ka Hou chu Patrick S.c.Leung Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina Division of Rheumatology/Allergy School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

INTRODUcTION Allergen-specific immunotherapy(AIT)is a therapeutic strategy to restore the normal immune response by suppressing inflammatory effector cells and inducing regulatory cells specific to the culprit ***,AIT is achieved by administering escalating doses of allergen over a long treatment ***,the use of unmodified allergens for AIT often results in severe anaphylactic side effects,and alternative approaches such as hypoallergens and T-cell epitopes with enhanced safety have been *** use of mimotopes in AIT is a relatively new concept,but earlier proof-ofconcept studies showed promising results for mimotopes,with decent safety profiles and immunomodulatory *** the treatment of cancer with mimotope-based immunotherapy has already been tested in clinical trials2,mimotope-based AIT remains largely in the preclinical ***,we revisit the pros and cons of mimotope-based AIT and describe recent findings concerning the use of mimotopes in AIT.

关键词： immunotherapy doses treatment

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Deprescribing antihypertensive treatment in nursing home patients and the effect on blood pressure

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2018年第4期15卷 275-283页

作者： christine Gulla Elisabeth Flo Reidun LS Kjome Bettina S Husebo centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Norway Department of clinical Psychology University of Bergen Norway centre for Pharmacy/Department of Global Public Health and Primary care University of Bergen Norway Municipality of Bergen Bergen Norway

Background It is debatable whether treating multimorbid nursing home patients with antihypertensive drugs produces beneficial effects. Most cardiovascular guidelines promote treatment; few have advice on how to deprescribe when treatment may no longer be necessary. We investigated the effect of medication review on antihypertensive drug use and the association between cognition, blood pressure, and prescribing. Methods From August 2014 to December 2015, 765 patients from 72 units （clusters） in 32 Norwegian nursing homes were included in a 4-month, multicentre, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, with 9-month follow-up. Patients ≥ 65 years old with antihypertensive treatment （n = 295, 39%） were randomized to systematic medication review where the physician received support from peers （collegial mentoring） or were given care as usual （control condition）. Outcome measures were the number of antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure, and pulse. We used hospitalizations and deaths as criteria to assess harm. Results At baseline, each patient used 9.2 ± 3.5 regular drugs, and 1.6 ± 0.7 antihypertensives. Mean blood pressure was 128/71 mmHg and 9% had a systolic pressure ≥ 160 mmHg. Between baseline and month four, antihypertensives were deprescribed to a significantly higher extent in the intervention group （n = 43, 32%） compared to control （n = 11, 10%）; Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.8, 95% cI = 0.7？0.9. In the intervention group, there was an immediate increase in systolic blood pressure when antihypertensives were reduced, from baseline 128 ± 19.5 mmHg to 143 ± 25.5 mmHg at month four. However, at month nine, the blood pressure had reverted to baseline values （mean 134 mmHg）. Deprescription did not affect pulse and systolic pressure. The number of hospitalizations was higher in control patients at month four （P = 0.031） and nine （P = 0.041）. conclusion A systematic medication review supported by collegial mentoring significantly decreased the use of antihypertensive

关键词： Antihypertensive drugs Deprescribing Hypertension Long-term care Medication review

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