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new developments and controversies in iron metabolism and iron chelation therapy

World Journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 1-19页

作者： christina n kontoghiorghe George J kontoghiorghes Post-graduate Research Institute of Science TechnologyEnvironment and Medicine

Iron is essential for all organisms including microbial,cancer and human cells. More than a quarter of the human population is affected by abnormalities of iron metabolism, mainly from iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron also plays an important role in free radical pathology and oxidative damage which is observed in almost all major diseases, cancer and ageing. new developments include the complete treatment of iron overload and reduction of morbidity and mortality in thalassaemia using deferiprone and selected deferiprone/deferoxamine combinations and also the use of the maltol iron complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. There is also a prospect of using deferiprone as a universal antioxidant in non iron overloaded diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, renal, infectious diseases and cancer. new regulatory molecules of iron metabolism such as endogenous and dietary chelating molecules, hepcidin, mitochondrial ferritin and their role in health and disease is under evaluation. Similarly, new mechanisms of iron deposition, removal, distribution and toxicity have been identified using new techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging increasing our understanding of iron metabolic processes and the targeted treatment of related diseases. The uniform distribution of iron in iron overload between organs and within each organ is no longer valid. Several other controversies such as the toxicity impact of non transferrin bound iron vs injected iron, the excess levels of iron in tissues causing toxicity and the role of chelation on iron absorption need further investigation. Commercial interests of pharmaceutical companies and connections to leading journals are playing a crucial role in shaping worldwide medical opinion on drug sales and use but also patients' therapeutic outcome and safety. Major controversies include the selection criteria and risk/benefit assessment in the use of deferasirox in thalassaemia and more so in idiopathic haemochr

关键词： Iron metabolism Iron chelation therapy Deferiprone Deferoxamine Deferasirox Iron diseases Medical journals Controversies

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Transition of Thalassaemia and Friedreich ataxia from fatal to chronic diseases

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World Journal of Methodology 2014年第4期4卷 197-218页

作者： Annita Kolnagou christina n kontoghiorghe George J kontoghiorghes Postgraduate Research Institute of Science Technology Environment and Medicine Limassol 3021 Cyprus

Thalassaemia major(TM) and Friedreich's ataxia(FA) are autosomal recessive inherited diseases related to the proteins haemoglobin and frataxin respectively. In both diseases abnormalities in iron metabolism is the main cause of iron toxicity leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Major efforts are directed towards the prevention of these diseases and also in their treatment using iron chelation therapy. Both TM and FA are endemic in Cyprus, where the frequency per total population of asymptomatic heterozygote carriers and patients is the highest worldwide. Cyprus has been a pioneering nation in preventing and nearly eliminating the birth of TM and FA patients by introducing an organized health structure, including prenatal and antenatal diagnosis. Effective iron chelation therapy, improved diagnostic methods and transfusion techniques as well as supportive therapy from other clinical specializations have improved the survival and quality of life of TM *** the tiresome clinical management regimes many TM patients are successful in their professional lives, have families with children and some are now living well into their fifties. The introduction of deferiprone led to the elimination of cardiac failure induced by iron overload toxicity, which was the major cause of mortality in TM. Effective combinations of deferiprone with deferoxamine in TM patients caused the fall of body iron to normal physiological ranges. In FA different mechanisms of iron metabolism and toxicity apply to that of TM, which can be targeted with specific iron chelation protocols. Preliminary findings from the introduction of deferiprone in FA patients have increased the hopes for improved and effective therapy in this untreatable condition. new and personalised treatments are proposed in TM and FA. Overall, advances in treatments and in particular of chelation therapy using deferiprone are transforming TM and FA from fatal to chronic conditions. The paradigm of Cyprus in the

关键词： Thalassaemia Friedreich ataxia Prenatal diagnosis Survival Chelation therapy Deferiprone Deferoxamine Cyprus

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World health dilemmas: Orphan and rare diseases, orphan drugs and orphan patients

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World Journal of Methodology 2014年第3期4卷 163-188页

作者： christina n kontoghiorghe nicholas Andreou Katerina Constantinou George J kontoghiorghes Postgraduate Research Institute of Science Technology Environment and Medicine

According to global annual estimates hunger/malnutrition is the major cause of death(36 of 62 million). Cardiovascular diseases and cancer(5.44 of 13.43 million) are the major causes of death in developed countries, while lower respiratory tract infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diarrhoeal disease, malaria and tuberculosis(10.88 of 27.12 million) are the major causes of death in developing countries with more than 70% of deaths occurring in children. The majority of approximately 800 million people with other rare diseases, including 100000 children born with thalassaemia annually receive no treatment. There are major ethical dilemmas in dealing with global health issues such as poverty and the treatment of orphan and rare diseases. Of approximately 50000 drugs about 10% are orphan drugs, with annual sales of the latter approaching 100 billion USD. In comparison, the annual revenue in 2009 from the top 12 pharmaceutical companies in Western countrieswas 445 billion USD and the top drug, atorvastatin, reached 100 billion USD. In the same year, the total government expenditure for health in the developing countries was 410 billion USD with only 6%-7% having been received as aid from developed countries. Drugs cost the national Health Service in the United Kingdom more than 20 billion USD or 10% of the annual health budget. Uncontrollable drug prices and marketing policies affect global health budgets, clinical practice, patient safety and survival. Fines of 5.3 billion USD were imposed on two pharmaceutical companies in the United States, the regulatory authority in France was replaced and clinicians were charged with bribery in order to overcome recent illegal practises affecting patient care. High expenditure for drug development is mainly related to marketing costs. However, only 2 million USD was spent developing the drug deferiprone(L1) for thalassaemia up to the stage of multicentre clinical trials. The criter

关键词： World health issues Global diseases Orphandrugs Orphan diseases Rare diseases Orphan patients Thalassaemia Deferiprone Deferasirox Deferoxamine Iron overload

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Climatic niche shift of an invasive shrub (Ulex europaeus): a global scale comparison in native and introduced regions

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 42-50页

作者： Mathias christina Fawziah Limbada Anne Atlan UMR ISPA INRA71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux33140 Villenave-d’ornonFrance UMR ECOBIO CNRS/UniversitéRennes 1Avenue du Général LeclercCampus de Beaulieu35042 RennesFrance UPR AIDA CIRAD40 Chemin Grand Canal97490 Sainte-ClotildeLa RéunionFrance UMR ESO CNRS/UniversitéRennes 2Place du Recteur Henri Le Moal35043 RennesFrance

Aims Invasive species,which recently expanded,may help understand how climatic niche can shift at the time scale of the current global ***,we address the climatic niche shift of an invasive shrub(common gorse,Ulex europaeus)at the world and regional scales to assess how it could contribute to increasing *** Based on a 28187 occurrences database,we used a combination of 9 species distribution models(SDM)to assess regional climatic niche from both the native range(Western Europe)and the introduced range in different parts of the world(north-West America,South America,north Europe,Australia and new Zealand).Important Findings Despite being restricted to annual mean temperature between 4℃ and 22℃,as well as annual precipitation higher than 300 mm/year,the range of bioclimatic conditions suitable for gorse was very *** on a native versus introduced SDM comparison,we highlighted a niche expansion in north-West America,South America and to a lesser degree in Australia,while a niche displacement was assessed in north *** niche changes induced an increase in potential occupied areas by gorse by 49,111,202 and 283%in Australia,north Europe,north-West America and South America,*** the contrary,we found no evidence of niche change in new Zealand,which presents similar climatic condition to the native environment(Western Europe).This study highlights how niche expansion and displacement of gorse might increase invasibility at regional *** change in gorse niche toward new climatic conditions may result from adaptive plasticity or genetic evolution and may explain why it has such a high level of *** into account the possibility of a niche shift is crucial to improve invasive plants management and control.

关键词： plant invasion invasibility niche shift species distribution models ecological niche

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Highly n-doped carbon with low graphitic-n content as anode material for enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency of lithium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2023年第2期5卷 236-249页

作者： Yihua Tang Jingjing Chen Zhiyong Mao christina Roth Dajian Wang Department of Electrochemical Process Engineering Universitat BayreuthBayreuthGermany Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering Bavarian Center for Battery Technology(BayBatt)BayreuthGermany Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjinPR China

n-doped carbons as one of the most prominent anode materials to replace standard graphite exhibit outstanding Li+storage ***,n-doped carbon anodes still suffer from low n-doping levels and low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).In this study,high n-doped and low graphitic-n carbons(LGnCs)with enhanced ICE were synthesized by taking advantage of a denitrification strategy for graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)n_(4)).In brief,more than 14.5 at%of n from g-C_(3)n_(4)(55.1 at%n)was retained by reacting graphitic-n with lithium,which was subsequently *** graphitic-n is largely responsible for the irreversible capacity,the anode's performance was significantly *** to general n-doped carbons with high graphitic-n proportion(>50%)and low n content(nCs delivered a low proportion of 10.8%-17.2% within the high n-doping content of 14.5-42.7 at%,leading to an enhanced specific capacity of 1499.9mAh g^(-1) at an ICE of 93.7% for the optimal sample of LGnC(4:1).This study provides a facile strategy to control the n content and speciation,achieving both high Li+storage capacity and high ICE,and thus promoting research and application of n-doped carbon materials.

关键词： denitrification graphitic carbon nitride graphitic-n lithium-ion batteries n-doped carbon

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Seasonal variations in nutritive and botanical composition properties of multispecies grazing swards over an entire dairy grazing season

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Grassland Research 2022年第4期1卷 221-233页

作者： Ciarán Hearn Michael Egan Mary Bridget Lynch christina Fleming Michael O'Donovan Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre MooreparkCorkIreland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinDublinIreland Contribution:Formal analysis InvestigationMethodologyVisualizationWriting-original draftWriting-review&editing

Background Recently,there has been increasing interest in the use of multispecies(MS)swards in dairy grazing *** A plot grazing study was established to investigate the potential contribution of different sward species(perennial ryegrass,legumes and herbs)sown in grazing *** sward mixtures were sown,ranging in complexity from a perennial ryegrass(PRG)monoculture to binary mixtures including either forage legumes or herbs to a five-species mixture;four different nitrogen(n)application rates of 0,100,150 and 200 kg n ha−1 were applied to each *** Species abundance for all sward species components was associated with the interaction of time point and sward mixture;species abundance for all sward components,except PRG,was associated with the interaction of n application and sward *** interactions of time point and sward mixture,and time point and n application rate,were associated with all analysed sward chemical components,except for sward *** Increased n application rates reduced the level of clover in all sward *** levels of white clover led to increased sward crude protein levels;the inclusion of ribwort plantain led to some seasonal variation in the nutritive value of swards.

关键词： botanical composition chemical composition dairy production grazing multispecies swards

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Magneto-polaron induced intersubband optical transition in a wide band gap Ⅱ–Ⅵ semiconductor quantum dot

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第3期36卷 1-6页

作者： P.christina Lily Jasmine A.John Peter Department of Physics N.M.S.Sermathai Vasan College for Women Department of Physics Government Arts College

Effects of LO-phonon contribution on the electronic and the optical properties are investigated in a ***.2 Se/ZnSe quantum dot in the presence of magnetic field strength. The magneto-polaron induced hydro- genic binding energy as a function of dot radius in the wide band gap quantum dot is calculated. The oscilla- tor strength and the spontaneous lifetime are studied taking into account the spatial confinement, magnetic field strength and the phonon contribution. numerical calculations are carried out using variational formulism within the single band effective mass approximation. The optical properties are computed with the compact density matrix method. The magneto-polaron induced optical gain as a function of photon energy is observed. The results show that the optical telecommunication wavelength in the fiber optic communications can be achieved using CdSe/ZnSe semiconductors and it can be tuned with the proper applications of external perturbations.

关键词： electronic states optical absorption intersubband transition quantum dot

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＂One sperm, one embryo, one baby＂？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第2期12卷 284-286页

作者： Chi christina Ding Kok Joo Thong IVF Unit Reproductive Medicine Unit Liverpool Women ＂s Hospital Liverpool L8 7SS UK Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh - Assisted Conception Unit Edinburgh EH16 4SA Scotland UK

Dear Editor, The introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） technology has revolutionised the treatment of patients with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. A patient is usually considered oligozoospermic if his sperm concentration is less than 20 million mL^-1. A patient is labelled azoospermic according to the World Health Organisation guideline , if, on two different occasions, no spermatozoa can be detected by high-power microscopy after the seminal fluid has been centrifuged for 15 min at a centrifugation force of 3 000 × g or greater.

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Subacute osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus caprae in a teenager:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第20期11卷 4897-4902页

作者： Oscar Vazquez Giacomo De Marco nathaly Gavira Celine Habre Marcia Bartucz christina n Steiger Romain Dayer Dimitri Ceroni Paediatric Orthopaedics Unit Geneva Children’s HospitalGeneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland Paediatric Radiology Unit Geneva Children’s HospitalGeneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland

BACKGROUnD Staphylococcus caprae(***)is a human commensal bacterium which can be detected in the nose,nails,and *** can be responsible for heterogeneous infections such as bacteremia,endocarditis,pneumonia,acute otitis externa,peritonitis,and urinary tract *** and joint infections due to *** have also been reported,but most of them resulted from the infection of orthopedic devices,especially joint prostheses and internal osteosynthesis *** cases of primary osteoarticular infections caused by *** have been described,including osteitis,arthritis,or *** SUMMARY We report an unusual case of subacute osteomyelitis in a toe phalanx caused by *** in a 14.5-year-old *** Subacute *** osteomyelitis is a little-known and probably underestimated community-acquired infectious *** microorganism’s pathogenicity should be seen as more than a classic nosocomial orthopedic device infection.

关键词： Subacute Osteomyelitis Staphylococcus caprae Teenagers Case report

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Informal Caregiving and Disaster Risk Reduction:A Scoping Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 169-187页

作者： christina J.Pickering Maya Dancey Karen Paik Tracey O’Sullivan Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada EnRiCH Research Lab University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada Telfer School of Management University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada

Informal caregivers are a population currently in the shadows of disaster risk reduction(DRR),and yet essential to the provision of healthcare *** scoping review explored the literature to understand issues related to informal caregiving and promising practices to support resilience for *** guidelines for scoping review as outlined by Tricco et al.(2016),relevant publications were identified from five major databases—Medline,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,and *** studies referenced informal caregiving and disasters for a variety of population groups including children,people with disabilities or chronic illnesses,and older *** were excluded if they discussed formal caregiving services(for example,nursing),lacked relevance to disasters,or had insufficient discussion of informal ***,21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully *** themes were identified:(1)the need for education and training in DRR;(2)stressors around medication and supply issues;(3)factors affecting the decision-making process in a disaster;(4)barriers leading to disaster-related problems;and(5)factors promoting *** areas of strategic action and knowledge gaps are *** informal caregivers do not feel adequately prepared for *** the important role of informal caregivers in healthcare provision,preparedness strategies are essential to support community resilience for those requiring personal care *** understanding and mobilizing assets to support the resilience of informal caregivers,we also support the resilience of the greater healthcare system and the community,in disaster contexts.

关键词： Caregiving Disaster resilience Disaster risk reduction Healthcare Informal caregiving

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