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β-defensins and the epididymis： contrasting influences of prenatal, postnatal, and adult scenarios

Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 323-328,J0008页

作者： Camilla M Ribeiro Erick JR Silva Barry T Hinton Maria christina W Avellar Section of Experime.ntaI.Endocrinology Department of Pharmacology Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Cell Biology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia USA Present address: Department of Pharmacology Institute Of Biosciences of BotucatuUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' Botucatu Sao Paulo 186).8-970 Brazil.

β-defensins are components of host defense, with antimicrobial and pleiotropic immuno-modulatory properties. Research over the last 15 years has demonstrated abundant expression of a variety of β-defensins in the postnatal epididymis of different species. A gradient of region- and cell-specific expression of these proteins is observed in the epithelium of the postnatal epididymis. Their secretion into the luminal fluid and binding to spermatozoa as they travel along the epididymis has suggested their involvement in reproduction-specific tasks. Therefore, continuous attention has been given to various β-defensins for their role in sperm function and fertility. Although β-defensins are largely dependent on androgens, the underlying mechanisms regulating their expression and function in the epididymis are not well understood. Recent investigation has pointed out to a new and interesting scenario where β-defensins emerge with a different expression pattern in the Wolffian duct, the embryonic precursor of the epididymis, as opposed to the adult epididymis, thereby redefining the concept concerning the multifunctional roles of β-defensins in the developing epididymis. In this review, we summarize some current views of β-defensins in the epididymis highlighting our most recent data and speculations on their role in the developing epididymis during the prenatal-to-postnatal transition, bringing attention to the many unanswered questions in this research area that may contribute to a better understanding of epididymal biology and male fertility.

关键词： androgens embryogenesis epididymis organogenesis β-defensins

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Vitellogenin expression in the oilseed rape pest Meligethes aeneus

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 274-282页

作者： Caroline Kaiser christina Lazaridou Karl-Martin Vagn Jen sen Rodrigo Labouriau Michael Kristenseni Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Slagelse Denmark Department of Agricultural Technology Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Mathematics Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark

When investigating insecticide resistance of pest insects, for example, the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus, it is relevant to differentiate toxicological and molecular genetic data between male and female specimens. A molecular sex determination method would allow resistance testing to be run without prior sorting of the samples. A one-step quantitative RT-PCR method for quantification of the yolk protein vitellogenin expression in the pollen beetle was established. The expression level of vitellogenin relative to tubulin was determined. Pollen beetles were tested at different time points during their development to determine if vitellogenin is a reliable molecular marker for detection of sexually mature females. The differentiation between females and males by relative expression of vitellogenin to tubulin is conditional regarding the life cycle. Sexually mature females and males could easily be distinguished, whereas immature specimens could not be seperated. Vitellogenin expression is a successful marker for identification of sexually mature pollen beetles. Females from the spring populations showed vitellogenin expression when the temperature was above 10.2°C. Further, detailed observations of vitellogenin throughout the spring indicated a strong relationship between daily temperatures and vitellogenin expression, which is an indicator of oviposition ability.

关键词： Brassicogethes aeneus egg yolk protein gene expression oilseed rape oviposition pollen beetle qRT-PCR

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Nonlinear Least Squares Estimation of Log-ACD Models

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2018年第3期34卷 516-533页

作者： Zhao CHEN Wei LIU christina Dan WANG Wu-qing WU Yao-hua WU School of Data Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433 China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 China New York University Shanghai Shanghai 200122 China School of Business Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Department of Statistics and Finance University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

This paper studies a nonlinear least squares estimation method for the logarithmic autoregressive conditional duration（Log-ACD） model. We establish the strong consistency and asymptotic normality for our estimator under weak moment conditions suitable for applications involving heavy-tailed distributions. We also discuss inference for the Log-ACD model and Log-ACD models with exogenous variables. Our results can be easily translated to study Log-GARCH models. Both simulation study and real data analysis are conducted to show the usefulness of our results.

关键词： Log-ACD model nonlinear least squares estimation Log-GARCH model heavy-tail

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鞋中有爱

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2022年第5期 36-36,62页

作者： christina Zdanowicz 不详

When people are homeless or trying to recover from a natural disaster,they are in need of a lot of the basic life necessities that many of us take for *** people are often encouraged to donate canned goods,not everyone is thinking about things like *** course,you can't go to look for a new job or a home,if you have no shoes to walk *** woman in Hays,Kansas took this into consideration,and found a way to help hun⁃dreds of people.

关键词： everyone disaster shoes

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Ray Wu's Golden Rules:How he achieved greatness in work,and in life

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第2期52卷 101-107页

作者： Albert W. Wu christina C. Wu Diana K. Sugg Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Overview When Ray Wu passed away on February 10, 2008, he was 79, working full-time in his lab at Cornell University, and was at or near the top of his long and noteworthy career. He had developed the first method for DNA sequencing and pioneered recombinant DNA technology. He had identified key genes related to stress tolerance in plants and was poised to apply these to boost crop yields of rice and

关键词： work Figure

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Influence of age in estimating maximal oxygen uptake

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第2期13卷 126-131页

作者： christina G de Souza Silva Barry A Franklin Daniel E Forman Claudio Gil S Araujo Heart Institute Edson Saad and Medical School Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro R J Brazil Exercise Medicine Clinic CLINIMEX Rio de Janeiro R J Brazil Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak MI United States Section of Geriatric Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center System University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

ObjectiveTo 在最大的氧举起的估计( EE )的错误上估计年龄的影响( VO 2最大)用性别和在自从估计，测试的周期测力计锻练特定方程的人口， VO 2最大与实质的 EE 被联系，经常超过20%， 18～91 年，可能，由于机械 ***1850 的内在的可... 详细信息

ObjectiveTo 在最大的氧举起的估计( EE )的错误上估计年龄的影响( VO 2最大)用性别和在自从估计，测试的周期测力计锻练特定方程的人口， VO 2最大与实质的 EE 被联系，经常超过20%， 18～91 年，可能，由于机械 ***1850 的内在的可变性，成年人(68%人)经历了最大的周期测力计测试的心肺的锻练。心和肺的健康(CRF ) 相对性别和年龄被估计[更年轻(18 ～ 35 年) ，中年(36 ～ 60 年) 并且更旧(>；60 年)] 。VO 2 最大[mL·；(kg·； min )−1] 被对煤气的交换的评价直接测量并且估计了使用性别和人口特定方程。VO 2 最大和相关 EE 在三年龄特定、性特定的 *** 测量的 VO 2 男人和女人的最大是 29.5 ±；10.5 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 24.2 ±；9.0 mL·；(kg·； min )−1(P <；0.01 ) 。EE [mL·；(kg·； min ) 为男人和女人的 −1] 和百分比错误(% E ) 有类似的价值， 0.5 ±；3.2 和 0.4 ±；2.9 mL·；(kg·； min )−1, 和 −； 0.8 ±；13.1% 并且 −； 1.7 ±；15.4%(P >；0.05 ) 分别地。分别地，为每个年龄组的 EE 和 % E 为男人：更年轻的 = 1.9 ±；4.1 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 3.8 ±；10.5% ，中年的 = 0.6 ±；3.1 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 0.4 ±；10.3% ，更旧的 =−； 0.2 ±；2.7 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 −； 4.2 ±；16.6%(P <；0.01 ) ；并且为女人：更年轻的 = 1.2 ±；3.1 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 2.7 ±；10.0% ，中年的 = 0.7 ±；2.8 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 0.5 ±；11.1% ，更旧的 =-0.8 ±；2.3 mL·；(kg·； min )−1 和 −； 9.5 ±；22.4%(P <；0.01 ).ConclusionVO 2 最大在更年轻的年龄组被低估并且在老年组被过高估计。年龄显著地影响 VO 2 在男人和女人的最大并且当 CRF 用人口被估计时，应该被认为特定方程，而非直接测量了。

关键词：最大摄氧量年龄组估计误差直接测量估算自行车运动运动试验机械效率

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Evidence for the Role Evolutionary Increase Yield in Cotton of Transfer Cells in the in Seed and Fiber Biomass

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1075-1086页

作者： Deborah A. Pugh christina E. Offler Mark J. Talbot Yong-Ling Ruan School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Transfer cells （TCs） are specialized cells exhibiting invaginated wall ingrowths （Wls）, thereby amplifying their plasma membrane surface area （PMSA） and hence the capacity to transport nutrients. However, it remains unknown as to whether TCs play a role in biomass yield increase during evolution or domestication. Here, we examine this issue from a comparative evolutionary perspective. The cultivated tetraploid AD genome species of cotton and its A and D genome diploid progenitors displayed high, medium, and low seed and fiber biomass yield, respectively. In all three species, cells of the innermost layer of the seed coat juxtaposed to the filial tissues trans-differentiated to a TC morphology. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that these TCs are characterized by sequential formation of flange and reticulate Wls during the phase of rapid increase in seed biomass. Significantly, TCs from the tetraploid species developed substantially more flange and reticulate Wls and exhibited a higher degree of reticulate WI formation than their progenitors. Consequently, the estimated PMSA of TCs of the tetraploid species was about 4 and 70 times higher than that of TCs of the A and D genome progenitors, respectively, which correlates positively with seed and fiber biomass yield. Further, TCs with extensive Wls in the tetraploid species had much stronger expression of sucrose synthase, a key enzyme involved in TC Wl formation and function, than those from the A and D progenitors. The analyses provide a set of novel evidence that the development of TC Wls may play an important role in the increase of seed and fiber biomass yield through polyploidization during evolution.

关键词： Callose cell wall cellulose cotton fiber evolution polyploidization seed development sucrose synthase transfer cell.

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Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Systematic Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 119-126页

作者： Duminda Suraweera christina Fanous Melissa Jimenez Myron J.Tong Sammy Saab Department of Medicine Olive-View Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles Los AngelesCAUSA Huntington Research Institute PasadenaCAUSA Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles Los AngelesCAUSA

Background and Aims:Hypercholesterolemia is a common finding in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and is a well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular ***,studies have been mixed on whether PBC patients do,in fact,have higher cardiovascular *** aim of this study is to review the current literature and provide an evidence-based assessment of cardiovascular risk in PBC ***:We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed re-garding patients with PBC and cardiovascular events from the database inception to July 1,2017.A total of 33 articles ful-filling our inclusion criteria were ***:The majority of the studies evaluated yielded no statistically significant dif-ference in cardiovascular disease in the PBC population com-pared to the general ***,some reports found a statistically significantly increase in coronary artery *** studies have looked at the specific lipid profile of pa-tients with PBC with *** these lipid ab-normalities differ by stage of disease,there is evidence to suggest that the specific lipid profile in PBC may have lower atherogenicity than in patients with hypercholesterolemia without *** looking at patients with PBC with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease,such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome,have consistently found a higher risk for cardiovascular disease in these *** treat-ment is effective in reducing lipid levels and possibly improv-ing endothelial inflammation in patients with PBC with ***:There is not enough evidence to suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular dis-ease in patients with PBC with hypercholesterolemia,except for those individuals with concomitant features of metabolic *** patients with PBC with no additional cardiovas-cular risk factors,individual risk/benefit discussion on lipid-lowering treatment should be considered.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) Cardiovascular risk Hypercholesterolemia

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Sustained treatment response of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with bevacizumab and sorafenib

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第28期16卷 3592-3596页

作者： christina Wich Abbas Agaimy Deike Strobel Thaddaus Till Wissniowski Arndt Hartmann Matthias Ocker Department of MedicineⅠ University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054 ErlangenGermany Department of Pathology University Hospital ErlangenKrankenhausstr.1291054 ErlangenGermany Institute for Surgical Research Philipps University MarburgBaldingerstrasse35033 MarburgGermany

The overall survival for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still *** the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib has recently been approved for this disease,response rates are still low and patients often face dose-limiting toxicities which lead to a reduction in prognosis and treatment *** here report a patient with metastasized HCC who shows a sustained response for more than 30 mo to sorafenib therapy after failure of a first line therapy with gemcitabine,oxaliplatin and bevacizumab.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenib Bevacizumab Angiogenesis

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Chemical modifications of proteins and their applications in metalloenzyme studies

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第1期6卷 32-49页

作者： Nathchar Naowarojna Ronghai Cheng Juan Lopez christina Wong Lu Qiao Pinghua Liu Department of Chemistry Boston UniversityBostonMA02215United States

Protein chemical modifications are important tools for elucidating chemical and biological functions of *** strategies have been developed to implement these modifications,including enzymatic tailoring reactions,unnatural amino acid incorporation using the expanded genetic codes,and recognition-driven *** technologies have been applied in metalloenzyme studies,specifically in dissecting their mechanisms,improving their enzymatic activities,and creating artificial enzymes with non-natural ***,we summarize some of the recent efforts in these areas with an emphasis on a few metalloenzyme case studies.

关键词： Metalloenzymes Biorthogonal reactions Protein engineering Non-canonical amino acids Biocatalysis

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