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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African praomyini,but more complex patterns within peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Flow Dynamics during the Hydrocarbon Exploitation for prevention and Management of Water Venues in Oil Field: A Study Case of Crystal Field in Badila/Chad

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 433-448页

作者： Issakha Tidjani Djimet Huguette christiane Emvoutou Nicodème Djiedeu Jean-pierre Nguenang Laboratory of Fundamental physics Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Geosciences Natural Resources and Environment Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Douala Cameroon

The southern part of the Lake Chad basin is under the gas and oil petroleum industry due to its hydrocarbon potential for about twenty years. This project stands out as the main challenges of the hydrocarbon production and the management of fluxes particularly the groundwater venues. A comprehensive study is thus conducted to develop a dynamic and analytic model for diagnosing the production performances with a particular view on the management of groundwater venues. The three main concerned reservoirs subdivided on subunits evidence their proper characteristics. The porous media, their densities, the internal flows and the water injection techniques such as water flooding were thus adopted. The oil viscosity variability within the reservoirs creates different levels of mobility between water and oil, highlighting the challenges of water management. The material balance model and the behavior of the well analysis were taken in consideration within the identified aquifer, emphasizing the importance of keeping the pressure through injection. The control of water productions, the management of the reservoir, the well strategical position and the specific completions lead to the model functioning. In addition, the CO log and the pulsed Neutron indicate their limitations as a result of the water salinity and the porosity of the aquifer. The management of groundwater venues at Badila requires various approaches throughout the lifetime of the Crystal field such as the data acquisition and remediation actions and prevention, under a permanent monitoring of the dynamic fluxes in the reservoirs.

关键词： Groundwater Venues Analytic and Dynamic Model Water Flooding Optimization of production

parent-Reported Reasons for Loss-to-Follow Up in patients Hospitalized at the Neonatology Unit at Laquintinie

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Open Journal of pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 686-699页

作者： Eposse Ekoube Charlotte puepi Djike Yolande Hassanatou Iyawa Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar Epée patricia Mbonjo Bitsie Dora Kedy Mangamba Koum Daniele-christiane Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon paediatric Unit Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Despite the known benefits of newborn follow-up clinics, attendance has historically been difficult. Infants with reported follow-up difficulty have a greater incidence of severe sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and poorer access to early intervention programs. Our objective was to determine the parent-reported reasons for loss-to-follow up in patients hospitalised at the neonatology unit of Laquintinie Hospital. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study through phone interviews with parents/caregivers of patients hospitalised at Laquintinie over a 2-year period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2022. A non-standardised structured interview guide was used for data collection. Loss-to-follow up referred to absence to at least one visit as recorded in the neonatal follow-up chart. All necessary administrative and ethical considerations were duly respected. Results: Most neonates were born through vaginal delivery (n = 313, 69.45%). The neonates were admitted at a median gestational age of 33 weeks (Q1-Q3;32 - 35) and the median duration of hospitalisation was 12 days (Q1 - Q3;8 - 18). A total of 23 neonates had died at the time of interview giving a mortality rate of 5.1%. The three most reported reasons for loss-to-follow-up was lack of money (n = 310, 68.13%), assumption that follow-up had ended (n = 37, 8.13%), and newborn that died (n = 23, 5.1%). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of financial constraints and absence of a robust follow-up system on poor uptake of neonatal follow-up post-discharge in resource limited settings like Cameroon. Our results serve as advocacy for national health insurance especially in neonates.

关键词： Loss-to-Follow Up Cameroon Neonates

Factors Associated with Voluntary Cosmetic Depigmentation in Schools in the Collines Department (Benin)

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第2期14卷 174-187页

作者： Bayédjè Evrard Koutchoro Georgia Damien Barikissou Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Tokpanoude Elvire Sègnon Eurydice Djossou Idohou Olakounlé Sarafath christiane Koudoukpo Aguemon Badirou Unity of public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Department of public Health Teaching and Research Unit in Community Health and Epidemiology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Dermatology Department Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou and Alibori Parakou Benin

Skin depigmentation is a worrying practice that is gaining popularity, particularly among young girls. However, this practice poses health risks. It also reflects a negative view of black skin color. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by stratified sampling. Data was collected during a face-to-face interview using a questionnaire providing information on the demographic, socio-cultural, and economic characteristics of the girls. The depigmentation products used were identified as well as the complications caused by the use of these products. Statistical analysis made it possible to calculate the frequencies and logistic regression made it possible to identify the factors associated with depigmentation. The prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed was 78.2%. The main products used were soaps based on mercurial derivative and hydroquinone (21.6%) and lotions based on hydroquinone and corticosteroids (75.7%). The factors associated with the practice of depigmentation were the ethnicity of the respondents (OR = 2.52;95% CI = [0.47 - 13.33], p = 0.001);the average monthly income of the parents (OR = 3.26;95% CI = [1.71 - 6.09], p = 0.003);the opinion of the respondents on depigmentation (OR = 2.48;95% CI = [0.84 - 7.3], p p prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed is high. Consequently, reinforced awareness measures and stricter control of bleaching products are imperative to address this high prevalence of the phenomenon.

关键词： Voluntary Depigmentation Cosmetic Depigmentation Factors Associated Students Collines Department Benin

A Third-Order Accurate Wave propagation Algorithm for Hyperbolic partial Differential Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 403-427页

作者： christiane Helzel Institute of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany

We extend LeVeque's wave propagation algorithm,a widely used finite volume method for hyperbolic partial differential equations,to a third-order accurate *** resulting scheme shares main properties with the original method,i.e.,it is based on a wave decomposition at grid cell interfaces,it can be used to approximate hyperbolic problems in divergence form as well as in quasilinear form and limiting is introduced in the form of a wave limiter.

关键词： Wave propagation algorithm Hyperbolic partial differential equations Third-order accuracy

NUMERICAL AppROXIMATION OF THE SMOLUCHOWSKI EQUATION USING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第1期38卷 176-194页

作者： christiane Helzel Maximilian Schneiders Institut of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-Universitat DusseldorfGermany formerly Institut of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-Universitat DusseldorfGermany

The goal of this paper is to present a numerical method for the Smoluchowski equation,a drift-diffusion equation on the sphere,arising in the modelling of particle *** numerical method uses radial basis functions(RBF).This is a relatively new approach,which has recently mainly been used for geophysical *** a simplified model problem we compare the RBF approach with a spectral method,*** standard approach used in related physical *** comparison as well as our other accuracy studies show that RBF methods are an attractive alternative for these kind of models.

关键词： Smoluchowski equation Spectral method Radial basis function method

Women Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Attitudes, practices and Factors Associated with Early Screening in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin in 2018

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 131-156页

作者： Stéphane Arold Bidossessi Senahoun Nicolas Hamondji Amegan Mahougnon Hugues Serge Dohou Hermann Comlanvi Agbedjinou Lucresse Corine Fassinou Tècle Edwige Korogone Armand Ibikounle Dieudonné Fambo Joël Gamêlé Mikponhoué christiane Tshabu Aguemon Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Ecole de Santé publique de l’Université de Montréal Québec Canada Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Médecine Cardiovasculaire Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Ecole de Santé publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Ecole Nationale des Techniciens Supérieurs en Santé publique et en Surveillance Epidémiologique Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

Background: Breast cancer is the dominant cancer in women in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors associated with early breast cancer screening among women in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study with prospective data collection from October 1 to 8, 2018, involving 1740 women in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi, aged 18 years or older and selected by WHO four-stage random cluster sampling. Consenting women who were mentally competent, 18 years of age or older at the time of the survey, and residing continuously in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi for the last six months prior to the survey were included. On the other hand, women who belonged to a breast cancer prevention service, women in whom secondary screening was noted, or non-consenting women were not included. The initial minimum size was estimated by the Schwartz formula with a cluster effect of k = 2. Information was collected by questionnaire survey, entered with Epidata 3.1. Fr and analyzed with R Studio 3.5.1. software. Results: The mean age of the women surveyed was 32.0 ± 11.5 years with a range of 18 and 71 years. Regarding knowledge, the clinical manifestation known by the majority of women was the presence of a nodule (68.50%). In the series, 1308 (75.17%) declared having heard about breast cancer once before, either on the radio, television or from friends and 726 (55.50%) had heard about breast cancer screening. Five hundred and twelve (70.52%) of the 726 who had heard of breast cancer said they knew that breast cancer could be screened earlier. Breast self-examination was the most cited screening method (67.58%). The disease is of natural origin according to 37.84% of them. Regarding attitudes and practices, the prevalence of early breast cancer screening was 12.93%, of which 11.67% declared that they had checked themselves to kno

关键词： Breast Cancer Early Screening Knowledge practices Attitudes Associated Factors

positive diversity effects on productivity in mixtures of arable weed species as related to density-size relationships

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Journal of plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 792-804页

作者： christiane Roscher Jens Schumacher UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Physiological DiversityPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5a04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Mathematics University of JenaErnst-Abbe-Platz 207743 JenaGermany

Aims Diversity-productivity relationships among herbaceous species have mostly been studied in grasslands,while less is known about diversity effects among weedy species with a short life *** We studied diversity-productivity relationships,shoot density,size and allometry in experimental communities of different species richness(one,three,six,and nine species),functional group number(one to three functional groups:grasses,small herbs and tall herbs)and functional group evenness(even and uneven number of species per functional group)based on a pool of nine arable weed species with a short life cycle in a 2-year *** Findings Higher species richness increased above-and belowground biomass production in both years of the *** partitioning showed that positive selection effects increased with increasing species richness and functional group number,while positive complementarity effects were greater when tall herbs were *** yield totals were larger than 1 across all species richness levels but did not increase with species richness,which is consistent with constant positive complementarity *** biomass production and diversity effects increased in the second year of the experiment,when communities achieved greater shoot densities and average shoot *** the community level,varying productivity was mainly attributable to variation in mean shoot *** herbs reached greater observed/expected relative yields(=overyielding)due to increased shoot sizes,underyielding of small herbs was mainly attributable to decreased shoot sizes,while grasses partly compensated for reduced shoot sizes by increasing *** in community-level density-size relationships and changes in shoot allometry in favour of greater height growth indicated that a greater biomass at a given density was due to increased dimensions of occupied canopy *** conclude that diversity effects are also possible among short-lived a

关键词： allometry biodiversity complementarity effects density selection effects

Maternal investment and reproductive success in Chinese water deer

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 102-110页

作者： christiane MAUGET Robert MAUGET CNRS-UMR 5173/MNHN-USM 305 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle57 rue Cuvier75231 Paris Cedex 05France

Among cervids,maternal investment,estimated as the amount of resources and care allocated to the offspring,was expected to be related to species body size. Therefore,maternal investment in a herd of captive Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis,a relatively small species of cervid,was investigated over 3 years. Except during the lactation period,reproductive females spent about 2-fold more time resting than feeding. During lactation,the amount of time spent feeding increased highly (25.3 min/h during lactation vs 17.3 min/h during the gestation period). Females spent less than 30% of time in communal behaviours with offspring. They did not reject alien fawns during this care period. Frequency and duration of suckling events decreased exponentially from the second week onwards. More than 10% of suckling bouts were non-filial. prenatal investment leads to a mean litter mass (about 12% of maternal mass) higher than in most cervid species. postnatal investment in fawns represents a daily mass gain of ca. 85 g/d during the first 2 weeks,without any sexual difference. Female production,timing and synchrony of births and survival of fawns characterized reproductive success. Seventy percent of mature females gave birth,with a mean of 1.9 offspring per female. The sex ratio was even. Births were synchronous,80% of births occurring in 25 days. In this herd,0.74 fawn per female was successfully weaned and 0.56 fawn per female survived through their first year. Based on these results we conclude that reproductive strategy of Chinese water deer was efficient and characterized by mother-offspring relationships typical of hiders and high levels of pre-and postnatal investments. This strategy seems typical of small species of cervids without marked sexual dimorphism.

关键词： Chinese water deer Reproductive investment Maternal care Time-budget Growth Fawn survival