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Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in the Sangha Watershed at Ouesso Hydrological Station, Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville (1961-2020)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第11期15卷 611-630页

作者： Guy Blanchard Matete Moukoko christian ngoma mvoundou Joseph Mangouende Roddy Lendzea christian Tathy Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazza-ville Republic of the Congo Laboratory of Geography Environment and Planning Higher Institute of Geographic Environment and Planning Sciences Denis Sassou N’Guesso University Kintélé Republic of the Congo

The Sangha River basin is the largest sub-basin of the Congo River basin, which drains the northern part of the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville. It is the most important economic zone in this part of the country, with a strong timber industry, agriculture and hydroelectricity. The catchment also boasts the country’s third-largest river port, located in the town of Ouesso. Unfortunately, increasingly frequent low-water levels in recent years have led to a decline in river navigation and economic activities. So, the aim of this study is to show the effects of climate change over the last six decades in the Sangha watershed at Ouesso hydrological station, located in the north of the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville, and elucidate its impact on water resources. To achieve this, several statistical and hydrological methods were used. The application of change-point or shift detection tests to flow series from 1961 to 2020 revealed variability in the hydrological cycle, characterized by two major phases of homogeneous flows: a wet surplus phase and a dry deficit phase. The results show one shift in flood flows in 1971 (Buishand test), one shift in yearly average flows or modules in 1971 (Pettitt test and Buishand test), and one shift in low-water flows in 1976, with all two tests. These disruptions were accompanied by a drop in flow of around 15.63%, 21.70% and 35.67%, on average, for floods, modules, and low-water, respectively, a drop in rainfall of around 9.6% and a rise in temperature of around 0.76?C. These flows show an overall downward trend. The calculated recession coefficients show that, over the entire study period, a recession occurred in March 1985.

关键词： Sangha Watershed Republic of the Congo Pettitt Test Buishand Test Change-Point Recession Coefficient

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Calibration and Validation of the GR2M Hydrologic Model in the Kouilou-Niari Basin in Southwestern Congo-Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2022年第3期12卷 109-124页

作者： christian ngoma mvoundou christian Tathy Harmel Obami-Ondon Guy Blanchard Matété Moukoko Richard Romain Niere Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazza-ville Congo Department of Exact Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

The hydrologic simulation of a catchment area, described as the transformation of rainfall into runoff, generally uses hydrologic model. This work opts for the global conceptual hydrologic model GR2M, a monthly time step model, to study the Kouilou-Niari basin, the second most important ones of the Republic of Congo. This includes two parameters to model the hydrologic behavior of a catchment area. The choice of the conceptual model GR2M is justified by the reduced number of parameters and the monthly time scale. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristic parameters of the GR2M model, by a calibrating and a validating procedure. The use of these parameters enables to follow the evolution of the water resources from the climatic variables. It has been first carried out a characterization of some physical, geological and climatic factors governing the flow, by dealing with the main climatic variables which constitute the inputs of the hydrologic model. Then, a hydrologic rainfall-runoff modeling allows to calibrate and validate the model at monthly time scale. Taking into account the number of parameters involved in hydrologic processes and the complexity of the cathment area, this model gives acceptable results throughout the Kouilou-Niari basin. The values of the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion and those of the correlation coefficient obtained are greater than 80% in validation, which explains the performance and robustness of the GR2M model on this basin.

关键词： Kouilou-Niari Catchment Area Rainfall-Runoff Modeling GR2M Model Nash-Sutcliffe Criterion Calibration Phase Validation Phase

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