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Principles for Designing New Types of Housing for a Strong and Resilient local Economy in the Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 82-95页

作者： Alain Symphorien Ndongo Destin Gemetone Etou christian Tathy laboratory of Energetic Mechanics and Engineering (lMEI) Brazzaville Republic of Congo National Superior Polytechnic School (ENSP) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Higher Normal School (ENS) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo

The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.

关键词： Congolese Households New Types of lodging Human Settlements Resilient local Economy Households Resilient Endogenous Economy logement Conception

Numerical Optimization by Finite Element Method of Stainless Steel/Glass-Epoxy Composite Bolted Joint under Tension and Compression

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Engineering（科研） 2024年第4期16卷 102-122页

作者： christian Schmitt Arnaud Kremeur Pawel lipinski Julien Capelle National Engineering School of Metz University of Lorraine Metz France

The aim of this study was to optimize the geometry and the design of metallic/composite single bolted joints subjected to tension-compression loading. For this purpose, it was necessary to evaluate the stress state in each component of the bolted join. The multi-material assembly was based on the principle of double lap bolted joint. It was composed of a symmetrical balanced woven glass-epoxy composite material plate fastened to two stainless sheets using a stainless pre-stressed bolt. In order to optimize the design and the geometry of the assembly, ten configurations were proposed and studied: a classical simple bolted joint, two joints with an insert (a BigHeadR insert and a stair one) embedded in the composite, two “waved” solutions, three symmetrical configurations composed of a succession of metallic and composites layers, without a sleeve, with one and with two sleeves, and two non-symmetrical constituted of metallic and composites layers associated with a stair-insert (one with a sleeve and one without). A tridimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to model each configuration mentioned above. The FE models taked into account the different materials, the effects of contact between the different sheets of the assembly and the pre-stress in the bolt. The stress state was analyzed in the composite part. The concept of stress concentration factor was used in order to evaluate the stress increase in the highly stressed regions and to compare the ten configurations studied. For this purpose, three stress concentration factors were defined: one for a monotonic loading in tension, another for a monotonic loading in compression, and the third for a tension-compression cyclic loading. The results of the FEM computations showed that the use of alternative metallic and composite layers associated with two sleeves gived low values of stress concentration factors, smaller than 1.4. In this case, there was no contact between the bolt and the composite pa

关键词： Bolted Joint Glass-Epoxy Composite Clearance Hybrid Steel-Composite

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铁配合型镁合金缓蚀剂的阴极阻蚀机制

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第5期34卷 1496-1506页

作者：杨俊杰王霖倩 Carsten BlAWERT Sviatlana VlAMAKA christian FEIlER Mikhail lZHElUDKEVICH 李卫暨南大学先进耐磨蚀及功能材料研究院广州510632 暨南大学韶关研究院韶关512027 Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon(Hereon)21502 GeesthachtGermany Faculty of Engineering University of KielKaiserstraße 224143 KielGermany

研究阴极缓蚀剂(3-甲基水杨酸盐,3-MeSA)对含铁纯镁腐蚀性能的影响。高铁杂质颗粒成分、腐蚀表面形貌以及3-MeSA分子结构特征为揭示含铁镁合金的腐蚀行为及3-MeSA的阴极型阻蚀机理提供了实验与理论依据。研究结果表明:含铁杂质颗粒中含... 详细信息

研究阴极缓蚀剂(3-甲基水杨酸盐,3-MeSA)对含铁纯镁腐蚀性能的影响。高铁杂质颗粒成分、腐蚀表面形貌以及3-MeSA分子结构特征为揭示含铁镁合金的腐蚀行为及3-MeSA的阴极型阻蚀机理提供了实验与理论依据。研究结果表明:含铁杂质颗粒中含有固溶态硅,而Fe/Si比可能是导致不同局部腐蚀形态差异的主要原因。虽然3-MeSA能在镁基体上形成吸附层,但其阻蚀机制主要归因于其螯合从富铁颗粒中自腐蚀释放Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)的能力,阻止被还原的铁物质再次沉积至腐蚀金属表面。

关键词：镁富铁杂质铁配合剂阴极型缓蚀剂量子化学计算

Glutamate and excitotoxicity in central nervous system disorders:ionotropic glutamate receptors as a target for neuroprotection

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Neuroprotection 2024年第2期2卷 137-150页

作者： Jorge Y.Magdaleno Roman christian Chapa Gonzalez Instituto de Ingenieria y Tecnologia Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad JuarezCiudad JuarezMexico Grupo de Nanomedicina Laboratorio de Integracionde Datosy Evidenciaen Revisiones de Salud y Ciencia(LIDERSC)Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad JuarezCiudad JuarezMexico

Recent advances in neuroscience have illuminated the central role of glutamate dysregulation in various neurological *** glutamatergic system has emerged as a central player in the pathophysiology of various neurological *** dysregulation of glutamate signaling,leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death,has been a focal point in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these *** has prompted a paradigm shift in neuroprotection research,with a growing emphasis on targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors(iGluRs)to restore glutamatergic *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field of iGluR-targeted *** further investigate the implications of glutamate dysregulation in the central nervous system(CNS)disorders,highlighting the complex interplay between excitotoxicity and *** elucidate the multifaceted factors that render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxic damage,emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic *** review provides an extensive survey of the burgeoning field of iGluR-targeted *** showcases the significant potential of a wide array of compounds,encompassing both natural and synthetic agents,to modulate iGluRs and ameliorate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced neuronal *** compounds have demonstrated impressive neuroprotective effects in diverse experimental models,from glutamate-induced toxicity to traumatic brain *** advocate for further research and clinical investigations to harness the full therapeutic potential of iGluR modulation,heralding a promising era in neuroprotection and CNs disorder management.

关键词： central nervous system excitotoxicity glutamate ionotropic glutamate receptors neuroprotection

Modern internet search analytics and thyroidectomy:What are patients asking?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 49-58页

作者： Neeraj Suresh christian Fritz Emma De Ravin Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Thyroidectomy is among the most commonly performed head and neck surgeries,however,limited existing information is available on topics of interest and concern to *** Design:***:***:A search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on Google‐suggested questions that“People Also Ask”(PAA)pertaining to“thyroidectomy”and“thyroid surgery.”These questions were categorized by Rothwell criteria and topics of *** Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)benchmark criteria enabled quality ***:A total of 250 PAA questions were ***‐oriented PAA questions describing what to expect during and after the surgery on topics such as postoperative management,risks or complications of surgery,and technical details were significantly less popular among the“thyroid surgery”group(Ply).PAA questions about scarring and hypocalcemia were nearly threefold more popular than those related to pain(335 and 319 vs.113 combined search engine response page count,respectively).The overall JAMA quality score remained low(2.50±1.07),despite an increasing number of patients searching for“thyroidectomy”(r(77)=0.30,P=0.007).Conclusions:Patients searching for the nonspecific term“thyroid surgery”received a curated collection of PAA questions that were significantly less likely to educate them on what to expect during and after surgery,as compared to patients with higher health literacy who search with the term“thyroidectomy.”This suggests that the content of PAA questions differs based on the presumed health literacy of the internet user.

关键词： information quality online health education search analytics thyroid surgery thyroidectomy

Principle for the Installation of Accommodation for Sick guards in Public Health Establishments in Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 70-79页

作者： Alain Symphorien Ndongo Destin Gemetone Etou christian Tathy laboratory of Energetic Mechanics and Engineering(lMEI) National Polytechnic SchoolMarien Ngouabi UniversityBP 69BrazzavilleCongo National Superior Polytechnic School(ENSP) University Marien NgouabiBP 69BrazzavilleCongo Higher Normal School(ENS) University Marien Ngouabi BP 69Brazzaville Congo

The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health *** healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care *** patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing *** hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and *** makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient *** can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care *** the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the *** are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and *** accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry *** the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.

关键词： Sick guard patient public health establishment accommodation Republic of Congo

Don´t give up on mitochondria as a target for the treatment of diabetes and its complications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2015-2021页

作者： christian Cortés-Rojo Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia 58030MichoacánMexico

In this editorial,we discuss an article by Wang et al,focusing on the role of mitochondria in peripheral insulin resistance and insulin *** numerous in vitro and pre-clinical studies supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications,efforts to target mitochondria for glycemic control in diabetes using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have produced inconsistent *** intricate functionality of mitochondria is summarized to underscore the challenges it poses as a therapeutic *** mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have demonstrated improvement in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in pre-clinical diabetes models,the results regarding glycemic control have been mixed,and no studies have evaluated their hypoglycemic effects in diabetic ***,pre-clinical trials have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating diabetes-related ***,we review some reasons why mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may not function effectively in the context of mitochondrial *** also highlight several alternative approaches under development that may enhance the targeting of mitochondria for diabetes treatment.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Mitochondrion Mitochondrial dysfunction MitoQ MitoTEMPO SkQ Elamipretide Mitochondria transplantation Glycemic control

Post Blast Tympanic Perforations, Clinical and Paraclinical Study at Six Yaounde Hospitals

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第2期13卷 126-134页

作者： Andjock Nkouo Yves christian lekassa Pierrette Meva’a Biouele Roger christian Moboung Prudence Mindja Eko David Djomou Francois Njock Richard Ndjolo Alexis Ophthalmology-Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT)-Stomatology Department Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon ENT-Cervico-Facial-Surgery (CFS) Service Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon ENT-CFS Service Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Teaching Hospital Libreville Gabon ENT-CFS Service Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon ENT-CFS Service Yaounde Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon ENT-CFS Service Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Post-blast tympanic perforations represent an entity of traumatic perforations;various mechanisms are at the origin of the latter, and the increase in conflicts and acts of violence are increasing the studies on this subject, but few data are available in our context. Objective: This paper aims to study post-blast tympanic perforations in Yaounde, specifically the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical aspects. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection in six Yaounde hospitals over 63 months from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2023. All patients with at least one post-blast tympanic perforation were included. Socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical data were collected on a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 28 software. Results: We included 124 patients. The prevalence of post-blast tympanic perforations was 0.1% of the consultations in the departments. 71 The average age was 28.6 ± 9.1 years, with extremes ranging from 7 to 49 years. The median consultation time was five days. The most frequent injury circumstances were physical aggression (81.45%) and armed conflict (10.5%). The injury mechanisms were slaps (75%), punches (21.74%) and grenades (4.8%). The main symptoms on admission were hearing loss (63.7%), tinnitus (58.1%) and otalgia (57.3%). The tympanic perforations were unilateral in all cases, the anterior-inferior location was more characteristic, and the deafness was conductive in 58.3% of cases, followed by mixed deafness in 23.3% of cases. Conclusion: Post-blast tympanic perforations are rare in consultation. The population is primarily male and from the second decade of life. The main circumstance is aggression.

关键词： Tympanic Perforation Blast Yaounde

Identification of galectin-3 as a novel potential prognostic/predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for cerebral cavernous malformation disease

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 67-71页

作者： Souvik Kar Andrea Perrelli Kiran Kumar Bali Raffaella Mastrocola Arpita Kar Bushra Khan luis Gand Arnab Nayak christian Hartmann Wolfram SKunz Amir Samii Helmut Bertalanffy Saverio Francesco Retta International Neuroscience Institute Rudolf-PichlmayrStrasse 4Hannover 30625Germany Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TorinoOrbassano(TO)10043Italy CCM Italia Research Network National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoOrbassano(TO)10043Italy Department of Experimental Pain Research Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience(MCTN)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim 68167Germany Department of Kidney Liver and Metabolic DiseasesChildren’s HospitalHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Ricarda-Huch-Street-10B Hannover 30880Germany Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Department of Neuropathology Institute of PathologyHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research and Department of Epileptology University Hospital BonnVenusberg-Campus 1Bonn 53127Germany epartment of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA

cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by abnormally dilated capillaries and a wide spectrum of symptoms,including headaches,seizures,neurological deficits,and intracerebral *** unpredictable clinical course and the current lack of therapies make the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers an imperative research challenge.1 Herein,we provide evidence that galectin-3(Gal-3),a major tissue and circulating biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammation,is significantly up-regulated both in CCM patients and ***,wholetranscriptome sequencing,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting studies demonstrated a significant up-regulation of Gal-3 expression levels both in surgical CCM specimens and in blood samples of CCM patients.

关键词： inflammation cerebral dilated