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Evaluating Functions of Reservoirs'Storage Capacities and Locations on Daily Peak Attenuation for Ganjiang River Basin Using Xinanjiang Model

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第6期26卷 789-802页

作者： DU Jinkang ZHENG Dapeng xu Youpeng HU Shunfu xu chongyu School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Anhui Electric Power Design Institute of China Energy and Electricity Construction Group Hefei 230601China Department of Geography Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville IL 62026USA State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Geosciences University of OsloN-0316 Oslo 1047 BlindernNorway

Flooding is the most prevalent and costly natural disaster in the world and building reservoirs is one of the major structural measures for flood control and management. In this paper, a framework was proposed to evaluate functions of reservoirs′ locations and magnitudes on daily peak flow attenuation for a large basin of China, namely Ganjiang River Basin. In this study, the Xinanjiang model was adopted to simulate inflows of the reservoirs and flood hydrographs of all sub-catchments of the basin, and simple reservoir operation rules were established for calculating outflows of the reservoirs. Four reservoirs scenarios were established to analyze reservoirs′ locations on daily peak flow attenuation. The results showed that: 1) reservoirs attenuated the peak discharges for all simulated floods, when the flood storage capacities increase as new reservoirs were built, the peak discharge attenuation by reservoirs showed an increasing tendency both in absolute and relative measures; 2) reservoirs attenuated more peak discharge relatively for small floods than for large ones; 3) reservoirs reduced the peak discharge more efficiently for the floods with single peak or multi peaks with main peak occurred first; and 4) effect of upstream reservoirs on peak attenuation decreased from upper reaches to lower reaches; upstream and midstream reservoirs played important roles in decreasing peak discharge both at middle and lower reaches, and downstream reservoirs had less effect on large peak discharge attenuation at outlet of the basin. The proposed framework of evaluating functions of multiple reservoirs′ storage capacities and locations on peak attenuation is valuable for flood control planning and management at basin scale.

关键词： reservoir peak flow Xinanjiang model reservoir operation Ganjiang River Basin

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Glacier variations and their response to climate change in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第3期12卷 357-373页

作者： ZHOU Zuhao HAN Ning LIU Jiajia YAN Ziqi xu chongyu CAI Jingya SHANGYizi ZHU Jiasong State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Beijing Branch North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China Department of Geosciences University of OsloOslo 0316Norway School of Civil Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China

Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the *** recent decades,glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change,and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and associated impacts on water resources have received widespread *** variations result from climate change,so they can serve as an indicator of climate *** the climatic differences in different elevation ranges,it is worthwhile to explore whether different responses exist between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation *** this study,we selected a typical arid inland river basin(Sugan Lake Basin)in the western Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to analyze the glacier variations and their response to climate *** glacier area data from 1989 to 2016 were delineated using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced TM+(ETM+)and Operational Land Imager(OLI)*** compared the relationships between glacier area and air temperature at seven meteorological stations in the glacier-covered areas and in the Sugan Lake Basin,and further analyzed the relationship between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in the elevation range of 4700–5500 m *** the linear regression method and correlation *** addition,based on the linear regression relationship established between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone,we predicted glacier areas under future climate scenarios during the periods of 2046–2065 and 2081–*** results indicate that the glaciers experienced a remarkable shrinkage from 1989 to 2016 with a shrinkage rate of–1.61 km^2/a(–0.5%/a),and the rising temperature is the decisive factor dominating glacial retreat;there is a significant negative linear correlation between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in each elevation zone from 1989 to *** variations in glaciers are far less sensitive to change

关键词： glacier variations climate change glacier area remote sensing regression relationship elevation zone Qilian Mountains

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What control the spatial patterns and predictions of runoff response over the contiguous USA?

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1297-1322页

作者： JIANG Shanhu DU Shuping REN Liliang GONG Xinglong YAN Denghua YUAN Shanshui LIU Yi YANG Xiaoli xu chongyu The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China School of Water Conservancy&Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China Department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing100038China Department of Geosciences University of OsloOsloNorway

Understanding the nonlinear relationship between hydrological response and key factors and the cause behind this relationship is vital for water resource management and earth system *** this study,we undertook several steps to explore the ***,we partitioned runoff response change(RRC)into multiple components associated with climate and catchment properties,and examined the spatial patterns and smoothness indicated by the Moran's Index of RRC across the contiguous United States(CONUS).Subsequently,we employed a machine learning model to predict RRC using catchment attribute predictors encompassing climate,topography,hydrology,soil,land use/cover,and ***,we identified the primary factors influencing RRC and quantified how these key factors control RRC by employing the accumulated local effect,which allows for the representation of not only dominant but also secondary ***,we explored the relationship between ecoregion patterns,climate gradients,and the distribution of RRC across *** findings indicate that:(1)RRC demonstrating significant connections between catchments tends to be well predicted by catchment attributes in space;(2)climate,hydrology,and topography emerge as the top three key attributes nonlinearly influencing the RRC patterns,with their second-order effects determining the heterogeneous patterns of RRC;and(3)local Moran's I signifies a collaborative relationship between the patterns of RRC and their spatial smoothness,climate space,and ecoregions.

关键词： hydrological response prediction machine learning accumulated local effect Moran’s Index large-sample study

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Impacts of climate change and LULC change on runoff in the Jinsha River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第1期30卷 85-102页

作者： CHEN Qihui CHEN Hua ZHANG Jun HOU Yukun SHEN Mingxi CHEN Jie xu chongyu State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hydrology Bureau of Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission Wuhan 430015China Department of Geosciences University of OsloNorway

The climate change and Land Use/Land Cover(LULC)change both have an important impact on the rainfall-runoff *** to quantitatively distinguish and predict the impacts of the above two factors has been a hot spot and frontier issue in the field of hydrology and water *** this research,the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)model was established for the Jinsha River Basin,and the method of scenarios simulation was used to study the runoff response to climate change and LULC ***,the climate variables exported from 7 typical General Circulation Models(GCMs)under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios were bias corrected and input into the SWAT model to predict runoff in *** showed that:(1)During the past 57 years,the annual average precipitation and temperature in the Jinsha River Basin both increased significantly while the rising trend of runoff was far from obvious.(2)Compared with the significant increase of temperature in the Jinsha River Basin,the LULC change was very small.(3)During the historical period,the LULC change had little effect on the hydrological processes in the basin,and climate change was one of the main factors affecting runoff.(4)In the context of global climate change,the precipitation,temperature and runoff in the Jinsha River Basin will rise in 2017-2050 compared with the historical *** study provides significant references to the planning and management of large-scale hydroelectric bases at the source of the Yangtze River.

关键词： Jinsha River Basin SWAT model climate change LULC change scenario simulation GCM

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Spatial Interpolation of Daily Precipitation in China:1951-2005

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第6期27卷 1221-1232页

作者： Deliang CHEN Tinghai OU Lebing GONG chongyu xu 李维京 Chang—Hoi HO 钱维宏 Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Sweden Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Norway Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100029 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Korea School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871

Climate research relies heavily on good quality instrumental data; for modeling efforts gridded data are needed. So far, relatively little effort has been made to create gridded climate data for China. This is especially true for high-resolution daily data. This work, focuses on identifying an accurate method to produce gridded daily precipitation in China based on the observed data at 753 stations for the period 1951-2005. Five interpolation methods, including ordinary nearest neighbor, local polynomial, radial basis function, inverse distance weighting, and ordinary kriging, have been used and compared. Cross-validation shows that the ordinary kriging based on seasonal semi-variograms gives the best performance, closely followed by the inverse distance weighting with a power of 2. Finally the ordinary kriging is chosen to interpolate the station data to a 18 km× 18 km grid system covering the whole country. Precipitation for each 0.5°×0.5° latitude-longitude block is then obtained by averaging the values at the grid nodes within the block. Owing to the higher station density in the eastern part of the country, the interpolation errors are much smaller than those in the west （west of 100°E）. Excluding 145 stations in the western region, the daily, monthly, and annual relative mean absolute errors of the interpolation for the remaining 608 stations are 74%, 29%, and 16%, respectively. The interpolated daily precipitation has been made available on the internet for the scientific community.

关键词： daily precipitation spatial interpolation ordinary kriging gridded data China

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Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation in Haihe River basin, 1958-2007

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第2期20卷 248-260页

作者： CHU Jianting XIA Jun xu chongyu LI Lu WANG Zhonggen Key Laboratory of Water Cycle ＆ Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Physics ＆ Meteorology University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 30 D-70955 Stuttgart Germany Department of Geosciences University of Oslo P O BOX 1047 Blindern N-0316 Oslo Norway

The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations （WS） of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges （RG） of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958-2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995-2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958-2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area.

关键词： climate change spatial and temporal variability of precipitation Mann-Kendall method Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Z test F test Haihe River basin

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1961-2010年中国十大流域水分盈亏量时空变化特征

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地理学报 2015年第3期70卷 380-391页

作者：高歌许崇育中国气象局气候研究开放实验室国家气候中心北京100081 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心南京210044 武汉大学水资源与水电工程国家重点实验室武汉430072

采用线性回归方法和Mann-Kendall方法对1961-2010年中国和十大流域水分盈亏量的气候及变化趋势特征进行分析,并对各流域年水分盈亏量变化成因进行探讨。结果表明:1中国多年平均年水分盈亏量(1961-2010年平均)为负值,水分条件表现为亏缺... 详细信息

采用线性回归方法和Mann-Kendall方法对1961-2010年中国和十大流域水分盈亏量的气候及变化趋势特征进行分析,并对各流域年水分盈亏量变化成因进行探讨。结果表明:1中国多年平均年水分盈亏量(1961-2010年平均)为负值,水分条件表现为亏缺。空间分布总体呈现南方盈余,向北向西水分亏缺态势。2中国水分盈亏量月变化特征表现为夏季6-8月有盈余,7月盈余量最大;其余各月为亏缺,4月亏缺量最大,十大流域月变化特征各有不同。31961-2010年,中国年水分亏缺量呈现多—少—多变化态势,1990s亏缺量为近50年来最少。2000s中国水分亏缺量较常年偏多,主要是由于大多数流域水分亏缺量偏多或盈余量偏少造成的。4近50年来,全国平均年和春夏冬三季水分盈亏量呈现增加趋势,秋季减少趋势显著。5松花江、辽河、海河、黄河流域及西南诸河年水分盈亏量呈现减少趋势,除西南诸河是由于年降水量增加速率小于蒸散量增加速率导致其减少趋势外,其它四个流域则是由于年降水量减少速率大于潜在蒸散量减少速率,年降水量减少变化趋势起主要作用;其余流域年水分盈亏量呈现增加趋势,淮河和长江流域主要是因为潜在蒸散量减少速率大于降水的减少速率,潜在蒸散量的减少变化趋势起主要作用,东南诸河、西北诸河、珠江流域由于年降水量增加、潜在蒸散量减少,二者均对水分盈亏量增加有利。

关键词：水分盈亏十大流域变化趋势中国

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东江流域典型子流域土地利用/覆被变化对地表径流影响

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湖泊科学 2011年第6期23卷 991-996页

作者：杨宏伟许崇育南京大学地理与海洋科学学院南京210093 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所南京210008

应用SWAT模型对东江上中下游典型流域的地表径流进行模拟,采用1977-1981年和1996-2000年胜前、顺天和九州三个出口控制站逐月实测径流资料进行模型校准和验证,确定模型的敏感性参数,采用相关系数R2和Nash-Suttclife模型效率系数ENS,对S... 详细信息

应用SWAT模型对东江上中下游典型流域的地表径流进行模拟,采用1977-1981年和1996-2000年胜前、顺天和九州三个出口控制站逐月实测径流资料进行模型校准和验证,确定模型的敏感性参数,采用相关系数R2和Nash-Suttclife模型效率系数ENS,对SWAT模型模拟结果进行评价,结果显示模拟精度较高,R2>0.85,ENS在0.68-0.75之间.在此基础上进一步探讨了典型流域土地利用变化对地表径流的影响,研究认为林地面积的增加可导致年径流量减少;年内分配上枯水期径流明显增加,丰水期径流明显减少;小于15°的林地面积增加引起的径流减少作用更为明显.

关键词： SWAT模型土地利用/覆被变化地表径流东江典型流域

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ANALYSIS OF TARGET TRACKING BASED ON RANGE DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT OF MULTISTATIC RADAR SYSTEM

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2000年第4期17卷 297-303页

作者： Wei chongyu xu Shanjia Wang Dongjin (Dept. of Electronic Engineering & Information Science of USTC, Hefei 230027, China) Dept. of Electronic Engineering & Information Science of USTC Hefei China

An analysis is presented for target tracking with short range multistatic radar system in this paper. The velocity vector is introduced into the model to depict target motion more precisely. The system measurement equation is such constructed on the basis of range difference that make the tracking model independent of the transmitter position. Therefore the algorithm is very much suitable for the case that the transmitter is not fixed. Simulation results show that the algorithm has the advantages of fast tracking and small steady tracking errors, and can be used for tracking target in short range with multistatic radar system.

关键词： Multistatic radar system Target tracking Range Difference

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浅析航空情报如何提高飞行安全

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中国科技纵横 2023年第15期 138-140页

作者：徐翀宇民航中南地区空中交通管理局飞行服务中心广东广州 510000

航空情报是组织飞行的基本组成部分.若不能提供及时、准确、完整的航空情报资料,将为空中航行埋下安全隐患,甚至诱发飞行事故.以航空不安全事件与一体化航空情报资料的关系为突破口,分析航空情报员的作用,提醒情报员时刻绷紧安全这根弦... 详细信息

航空情报是组织飞行的基本组成部分.若不能提供及时、准确、完整的航空情报资料,将为空中航行埋下安全隐患,甚至诱发飞行事故.以航空不安全事件与一体化航空情报资料的关系为突破口,分析航空情报员的作用,提醒情报员时刻绷紧安全这根弦,并对航空情报工作提出建设性建议.

关键词：民航规章航空情报飞行安全

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