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Genomic insights into adaptation to bipedal saltation and desert-like habitats of jerboas

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2003-2015页

作者： Simin Chai Yujie chong Daiqing yin Qiang Qiu Shixia Xu Guang yang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short *** have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses,and been well-adapted to vast desert-like *** a newly sequenced chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian five-toed jerboa(Orientallactaga sibirica),our comparative genomic analyses and in vitro functional assays showed that the genetic innovations in both protein-coding and non-coding regions played an important role in jerboa morphological and physiological ***-specific amino acid substitutions,and segment insertions/deletions(indels)in conserved non-coding elements(CNEs)were found in components of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway(XYLT1 and CHSY1),which plays an important role in limb ***,we found specific evolutionary changes functionally associated with energy or water metabolism(e.g.,specific amino acid substitutions in ND5 and indels in CNEs physically near ROR2)and senses(e.g.,expansion of vomeronasal receptors and the FAM136A gene family)in *** dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that some of the CNEs with jerboa-specific segment indels exerted a significantly different influence on luciferase activity,suggesting changes in their regulatory function in *** results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying jerboa adaptation since the divergence from the Eocene-Oligocene transition,and provided more resources and new insights to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic diversity and the environmental adaptation of mammals.

关键词： jerboa adaptive evolution comparative genomics conserved non-coding elements bipedal saltation

CMMCAN:Lightweight Feature Extraction and Matching Network for Endoscopic Images Based on Adaptive Attention

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2761-2783页

作者： Nannan chong Fan yang School of Electronic and Information Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China School of Information and Intelligence Engineering Tianjin Renai CollegeTianjin301636China

In minimally invasive surgery,endoscopes or laparoscopes equipped with miniature cameras and tools are used to enter the human body for therapeutic purposes through small incisions or natural ***,in clinical operating environments,endoscopic images often suffer from challenges such as low texture,uneven illumination,and non-rigid structures,which affect feature observation and *** can severely impact surgical navigation or clinical diagnosis due to missing feature points in endoscopic images,leading to treatment and postoperative recovery issues for *** address these challenges,this paper introduces,for the first time,a Cross-Channel Multi-Modal Adaptive Spatial Feature Fusion(ASFF)module based on the lightweight architecture of ***,a novel lightweight feature extraction and matching network based on attention mechanism is *** network dynamically adjusts attention weights for cross-modal information from grayscale images and optical flow images through a dual-branch Siamese *** extracts static and dynamic information features ranging from low-level to high-level,and from local to global,ensuring robust feature extraction across different widths,noise levels,and blur *** and local matching are performed through a multi-level cascaded attention mechanism,with cross-channel attention introduced to simultaneously extract low-level and high-level *** ablation experiments and comparative studies are conducted on the HyperKvasir,EAD,M2caiSeg,CVC-ClinicDB,and UCL synthetic *** results demonstrate that the proposed network improves upon the baseline EfficientViT-B3 model by 75.4%in accuracy(Acc),while also enhancing runtime performance and storage *** compared with the complex DenseDescriptor feature extraction network,the difference in Acc is less than 7.22%,and IoU calculation results on specific datasets outperform complex dense ***

关键词： Feature extraction and matching lightweighted network medical images endoscopic attention

Study on the evaluation method of polymerisation degree based on Raman spectroscopic plot

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High Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 794-804页

作者： Zhuang yang Weigen Chen Zhixian yin Dingkun yang National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina

In order to achieve accurate quantitative evaluation of the ageing state of oil paper insulation,an evaluation method of polymerisation degree(DP)of oil-paper insulation based on Raman spectroscopic plot is *** covering the full ageing stage of oil-paper insulation were obtained by accelerated thermal ageing *** samples were tested by Raman spectra,and the Raman spectra were converted into Raman spectroscopic plot using Gramian angular *** extraction was performed on the images using local binary pattern(LBP),and 28 feature variables were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and uninformative variable ***,the DP prediction model was constructed by long short-term memory neural network(LSTM).The training accuracy exceeded 90%,and the mean absolute deviation of DP prediction for 45 test samples was only 40.70.A new visual detection method for transformer ageing diagnosis is presented.

关键词： insulation spectroscopic prediction

Oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy GH4738 under tensile stress

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3913-3920页

作者： Ji-chong Hu Hai-Liang Huang chong-chong Wu Xiao-Yu Sun Jie Wang Yan-Hong yang Jing-Long Qu Liang Jiang Jin-He Dou yang Chen Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision Materials Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Department of Management and Engineering Linkoping University58183LinkopingSweden Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Gaona Aero Material Co. LtdBeijing 100081China College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117China

Revealing the oxidation behavior of superalloys is crucial for optimizing material properties and extending service *** study investigated the oxidation behavior of superalloy GH4738 under stress states at 850℃.High-throughput specimens were fabricated to withstand different stresses at the same *** oxidation s amples were analyzed using the mass gain method to obtain oxidation kinetic *** results show that the external stress below 200 MPa could improve the oxidation resistance of the *** tensile stress increasing,the oxide layer becomes thinner,denser and more complete,while internal oxidation *** tensile stress alters the structure of the external oxide layer from a two-layer to a threelayer *** Cr_(2)O_(3) oxide layer inhibits the outward diffusion of Ti,leading to Ti enrichment at the oxide-matrix interface and altering the oxidation mechanism of GH4738.

关键词： Ni-based Superalloy Oxidation behavior Tensile stress Oxide layer

Spatial distribution of shallow landslides caused by Typhoon Lekima in 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1564-1580页

作者： CUI Yulong yang Liu XU chong ZHENG Jun School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

In recent years, the coastal region of Southeast China has witnessed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events associated with landfalling typhoons. The hilly and mountainous terrain of this area, combined with rapid rainfall accumulation, has led to a surge in flash floods and severe geological hazards. On August 10, 2019, Typhoon Lekima made landfall in Zhejiang Province, China, and its torrential rainfall triggered extensive landslides, resulting in substantial damage and economic losses. Utilizing high-resolution satellite images, we compiled a landslide inventory of the affected area, which comprises a total of 2,774 rainfallinduced landslides over an area of 2965 km2. The majority of these landslides were small to mediumsized and exhibited elongated, clustered patterns. Some landslides displayed characteristics of high-level initiation, obstructing or partially blocking rivers, leading to the formation of debris dams. We used the inventory to analyze the distribution pattern of the landslides and their relationship with topographical, geological, and hydrological factors. The results showed that landslide abundance was closely related to elevation, slope angle, faults, and road density. The landslides were predominantly located in hilly and low mountainous areas, with elevations ranging from 150 to 300 m, slopes of 20 to 30 degrees, and a NE-SE aspect. Notably, we observed the highest Landslide Number Density(LND) and Landslide Area Percentage(LAP) in the rhyolite region. Landslides were concentrated within approximately 4 km on either side of fault zones, with their size and frequency negatively correlated with distances to faults, roads, and river systems. Furthermore, under the influence of typhoons, regions with denser vegetation cover exhibited higher landslide density, reaching maximum values in shrubland areas. In areas experiencing significantly increased concentrated rainfall, landslide density also showed a corr

关键词： Typhoon rainfall Landslide characteristics Spatial distribution Southeast coastal region

Effect of biochar application on rice,wheat,and corn seedlings in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 379-390页

作者： yingjie yin Jikai Li Sihang Zhu Qing Chen chong Chen Yukui Rui Jianying Shang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Agricultural Management Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 102208China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationBeijing 100193China

In recent years,biochar has attracted considerable attention for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration due to its unique physicochemical ***,the mechanism by which biochar application negatively affects the growth of crop seedlings has not been fully *** this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of rice,wheat,and corn seedlings to biochar application(CK,0 g/L;BC1,0.5 g/L;and BC2,1.0 g/L).Compared with the CK treatment,the BC1 and BC2 treatments decreased the fresh shoot and root weights of rice and corn seedlings(P0.05).For the contents of nutrient elements in seedlings,both BC1 and BC2 treatments hindered the roots from absorbing Fe and Cu and increased the uptake of Ca and *** with the CK treatment,the translocation factor(TF)values of Ca,Mn,and Zn were significantly decreased especially in rice seedlings(35.3%-36.8%,68.7%-76.5%,and 29.8%-22.0%,respectively)under the BC1 and BC2 treatments,while only Mn was significantly decreased in wheat and corn seedlings(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis of root cross-sections showed that nano-sized biochar particles(10~23 nm)were found in the root cells under BC2 treatment *** findings reveal that a large amount of biochar application can reduce nutrient absorption and translocation,and hinder rice,wheat,and corn seedlings,particularly rice seedling,in hydroponic system.

关键词： Biochar Toxicity Seedling growth Hydroponic cultivation

Alkyl Radical Initiated Cyclization/Cascade for Synthesizing Lactam-Substituted Alkyl Sulfones

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第16期42卷 1853-1859页

作者： Li-Jun Wu Kai-Yi Zhang Pei yang Chuan-chong Peng Jin-Hui Liu Qing Li Da-Zhi Sun Shuangfeng yin College of Sciences Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunan410004 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia010021 China

An alkyl radical initiated cyclization/tandem reaction of alkyl bromides and alkyl electrophiles by using potassium metabisulphite(K_(2)S_(2)O_(5))as a connector is developed for the synthesis of various lactam-substituted alkyl ***,this process does not require a metal catalyst or metal powder reductant,highlighting its environmentally friendly *** reaction demonstrates outstanding substrate adaptability and a high tolerance towards diverse functional ***,the biologically active molecules and commercially available drugs with a late-stage modification are also highly compatible with this *** studies revealed that the reaction proceeds through a single-step process involving intramolecular radical cyclization,"SO_(2)"insertion,and external alkyl incorporation.

关键词： Alkyl radical Metal-free catalyzed Cyclization/cascade Potassium metabisulphite Electrophiles Alkyl sulfones Lactams Alkyl bromides Sodium formate

Nanoconfinement-induced water molecules and hydrogen molecules transport behaviors in ball-in-ball structure photocatalysts to improve hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3752-3760页

作者： Ben chong Baorong Xu He Li Honghui Ou Guidong yang XJTU-Oxford Joint International Research Laboratory of Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The diffusion,adsorption/desorption behaviors of water molecules and hydrogen molecules are of great importance in heterogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen *** the study of structure-property-performance relationships,nanoconfined space provides an ideal platform to promote mass diffusion and transfer due to their extraordinary properties that are different from the bulk ***,we designed and prepared a nanoconfined CdS@SiO_(2)-NH_(2) nanoreactor,whose shell is composed of amino-functionalized silica nanochannels,and encapsulates spherical CdS as a photocatalyst *** and simulated results reveal that the amino-functionalized nanochannels promote water molecules’and hydrogen molecules’directional diffusion and *** molecules are enriched in the nanocavity between the core and the shell,and promote the interfacial photocatalytic *** a result,the maximized water enrichment and minimized hydrogen-occupied active sites enable photocatalyst with optimized mass transfer kinetics and localization electron distribution on the CdS surface,leading to superior hydrogen production performance with activity as high as 37.1 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).

关键词： nanochannels photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mass transfer amino-functionalized CdS

How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-yin Chao yang Zhao Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land *** sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water *** have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in *** stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream *** this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple *** also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor