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Elusive workers are more likely to differentiate into replacement reproductives than aggressive workers in a lower termite

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 332-338页

作者： Zhuang-Dong Bai chong-Yang Shi David Sillam-Dusses Rui-Wu Wang School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology LEECUR 4443University Sorbonne Paris NordVilletaneuseFrance

One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.

关键词： consistent individual behavioral differences reproductive conflict reproductive differentiation,Reticulitermes labralis termite

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Microdamage study of granite under thermomechanical coupling based on the particle flow code

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第9期17卷 1413-1427页

作者： chong shi Yiping ZHANG Yulong ZHANG Xiao CHEN Junxiong yang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines College of Resources and Civil EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S1A1Canada

The thermomechanical coupling of rocks refers to the interaction between the mechanical and thermodynamic behaviors of rocks induced by temperature changes.The study of this coupling interaction is essential for understanding the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the surrounding rocks in underground engineering.In this study,an improved temperature-dependent linear parallel bond model is introduced under the framework of a particle flow simulation.A series of numerical thermomechanical coupling tests are then conducted to calibrate the micro-parameters of the proposed model by considering the mechanical behavior of the rock under different thermomechanical loadings.Good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data are obtained,particularly in terms of the compression,tension,and elastic responses of granite.With this improved model,the thermodynamic response and underlying cracking behavior of a deep-buried tunnel under different thermal loading conditions are investigated and discussed in detail.

关键词： thermomechanical coupling effect granite improved linear parallel bond model thermal property particle flow code

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Electrolyte inhomogeneity induced lithium plating in fast charging lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 394-399,I0010页

作者： Yi yang Lei Xu shi-Jie yang chong Yan Jia-Qi Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuan 030032ShanxiChina

Fast charging capability of lithium-ion batteries is in urgent need for widespread economic success of electric vehicles. However, the application of the fast charging technology often leads to the inevitable lithium plating on the graphite anode, which is one of the main culprits that endanger battery safety and shorten battery lifespan. The in-depth understanding of the initiation of lithium metal nucleation and the following plating behavior is a key to the development of fast charging cells. Herein, we investigate the overlooked effect of the non-uniform distribution of electrolyte on lithium plating during fast charging. Prior lithium plating occurs on the saturated lithium-graphite compounds in the anode region with sufficient electrolyte since the lithium-ion transport is blocked in the anode region lacking electrolyte. The uniform distribution of electrolyte is crucial for the construction of safe lithium-ion batteries especially in fast charging scenarios.

关键词： Fast charging Lithium-ion batteries Lithium plating Distribution of electrolyte Inhomogeneity

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The roles of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect for an extruded AZ31 Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第5期11卷 1672-1682页

作者： chong yang Guoguo Zhu Hui Zhao Yan Peng Baodong shi National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Rolled Strip School of Mechanical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004PR China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004PR China

The Swift effect of Mg alloy is sensitive to initial texture.However,dislocation slip is the main deformation mechanism during torsion of Mg alloy.The underlying relation of Swift effect and dislocation slip is still not clarified.The effect of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect was studied experimentally during free-end torsion for an extruded AZ31 alloy.The free-end torsion was performed with axial tension and compression stress which is lower than yield stress.It is found that the transition of axial deformation from contraction to elongation occurs when the axial stress changes from negative to positive.The pre-dislocations introduced by pre-tension promote axial shortening during torsion.While the pre-twins introduced by pre-compression are inhibition of axial shortening.The change of axial deformation is attributed to competition between twinning and prismatic slip.The axial shortening of extruded Mg alloy is generated by tensile twinning leading to c-axis strain.In contrast,the axial elongation can be generated by the activation of prismatic slip.The magnitude of axial strain generated by twinning is larger than that by prismatic slip.Moreover,the occurrence of detwinning results in axial elongation at low shear strain.

关键词： Free-end torsion Swift effect Twinning Dislocation slip Extruded magnesium alloy

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Anisotropy of wrought magnesium alloys: A focused overview

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1476-1510页

作者： Baodong shi chong yang Yan Peng Fucheng Zhang Fusheng Pan National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Rolled Strip School of Mechanical EngineeringYanshan UniversityHebei-West-Str.438Qinhuangdao 066004PR China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004PR China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys(CCMg) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044PR China

In this paper, the relationship between anisotropic mechanical properties and the corresponding microstructure evolution of wrought magnesium alloys is critically reviewed. Experimental observations of the strong anisotropy(including the strength differential effect) induced by texture and twinning are discussed under different loading conditions(i.e., monotonic, cyclic and multiaxial loading). An accurate constitutive model is essential to describe the mechanical responses and to predict the forming performance considering engineering applications. Therefore, macroscale constitutive modeling of the anisotropy of magnesium alloys with directional distortional hardening are comprehensively reviewed with different approaches. To clarify the origin of the anisotropic behavior, physics-based mesoscale modeling of the anisotropy is also compared in detail.

关键词： Wrought Mg alloys Mechanical anisotropy Deformation mechanism Constitutive modeling

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Empirical Research on the Application of a Structure-Based Software Reliability Model

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第6期8卷 1153-1162页

作者： Jie Zhang yang Lu Ke shi chong Xu School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China

Reliability engineering implemented early in the development process has a significant impact on improving software quality.It can assist in the design of architecture and guide later testing,which is beyond the scope of traditional reliability analysis methods.Structural reliability models work for this,but most of them remain tested in only simulation case studies due to lack of actual data.Here we use software metrics for reliability modeling which are collected from source codes of post versions.Through the proposed strategy,redundant metric elements are filtered out and the rest are aggregated to represent the module reliability.We further propose a framework to automatically apply the module value and calculate overall reliability by introducing formal methods.The experimental results from an actual project show that reliability analysis at the design and development stage can be close to the validity of analysis at the test stage through reasonable application of metric data.The study also demonstrates that the proposed methods have good applicability.

关键词： Algebraic method reliability evaluation software metrics software reliability

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The shikimate pathway regulates programmed cell death

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第10期49卷 943-951页

作者： Xuerui Lu shixi shi chong Wu Xueao Zheng Chenkun yang Jie Luo Shunping Yan Hubei Hongshan Laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for both plant development and stress responses including immunity.However,how plants control PCD is not well-understood.The shikimate pathway is one of the most important metabolic pathways in plants,but its relationship to PCD is unknown.Here,we show that the shikimate pathway promotes PCD in Arabidopsis.We identify a photoperiod-dependent lesion-mimic mutant named Lesion in short-day(lis),which forms spontaneous lesions in short-day conditions.Mapbased cloning and whole-genome resequencing reveal that LIS encodes MEE32,a bifunctional enzyme in the shikimate pathway.Metabolic analysis shows that the level of shikimate is dramatically increased in lis.Through genetic screenings,three suppressors of lis(slis)are identified and the causal genes are cloned.SLISes encode proteins upstream of MEE32 in the shikimate pathway.Furthermore,exogenous shikimate treatment causes PCD.Our study uncovers a link between the shikimate pathway and PCD,and suggests that the accumulation of shikimate is an alternative explanation for the action of glyphosate,the most successful herbicide.

关键词： Programmed cell death shikimate pathway Lesion-mimic mutant Immunity Photoperiod Arabidopsis

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Microfluidic assisted 90%loading CL-20 spherical particles:Enhancing self-sustaining combustion performance

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第4期22卷 176-184页

作者： Ling-feng yang Xian-rui shi Chun-zhi Li Bo Wu chong-hua Pei State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang621010PR China Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'anShaanxi710065PR China Luzhou North Chemical Industries Co. Ltd.Luzhou646003PR China

The performance of the chemical fuel determines the altitude,range and longevity of spacecraft in air and space exploration.Promising alternatives(e.g.,hypergolic ionic liquids or high-energy composites)with high-energy density,heat of formation and fast initial rate are considered as potential chemical fuels.As the high-energy density material,hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)often serves as secondary explosive with poor self-propagating combustion behaviors.Herein,90%loading CL-20 microspheres with uniform particle sizes are precisely prepared by microfluid method,which exhibit unique hierarchical structure.The morphology,thermal behaviors,as well as combustion performance were further investigated.The results demonstrated that as-prepared spherical particles exhibit prominent thermal compatibility,and the enhanced self-sustaining combustion performance.This work provides an efficient method achieving the uniform high-energy density particles with excellent self-sustaining combustion performance.

关键词： Microfluidics Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Spherical particles Thermal behavior Self-sustaining combustion

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Effect of axial preloading on mechanical behavior during the free-end torsion of an extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第7期29卷 1351-1360页

作者： Qun Li Dan Meng Zhichang Fu Hui Zhao chong yang Yan Peng Baodong shi Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging&Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Rolled Strip School of Mechanical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

Large plastic deformation commonly occurs during the practical forming process in industries.Compared with uniaxial tension/compression,torsion is a more effective approach to investigate mechanical behavior under large deformation.The response of the large strain torsion of magnesium alloy is sensitive to the initial texture and twinning.Therefore,an extruded AZ31 alloy was pre-stressed in tension and compression to introduce dislocations and twins in the current work.Subsequently,torsion tests were conducted to clarify the effects of twinning and dislocation on subsequent deformation responses.The corresponding microstructure and deformation mechanisms were explored on the basis of viscoplastic self-consistent(VPSC)modeling.The experimental observations on stress-strain responses and pole figures were captured by simulation work.It was found that twins make less contribution to plastic deformation,which results in small change in texture direction under pure torsion and torsion after pretension.The activity of the slip/twin system and the mechanical properties are affected by different initial textures and active conditions of the system.Moreover,the stress state during combined tension-torsion loading benefits the reduction of texture intensity.

关键词： magnesium alloy torsion twinning dislocation texture viscoplastic self-consistent

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Adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm increases eggshell quality via enhancing medullary bone remodeling in laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1274-1286页

作者： Jiakun Yan Jiajie Wang Jie Chen Hao shi Xujie Liao chong Pan Yanli Liu Xin yang Zhouzheng Ren Xiaojun yang College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Background Body phosphorus metabolism exhibits a circadian rhythm over the 24-h daily cycle.The egg laying behavior makes laying hens a very special model for investigating phosphorus circadian rhythms.There is lack of information about the impact of adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm on the phosphorus homeostasis and bone remodeling of laying hens.Methods and results Two experiments were conducted.In Exp.1,Hy-Line Brown laying hens(n=45)were sampled according the oviposition cycle(at 0,6,12,and 18 h post-oviposition,and at the next oviposition,respectively;n=9 at each time point).Diurnal rhythms of body calcium/phosphorus ingestions and excretions,serum calcium/phosphorus levels,oviduct uterus calcium transporter expressions,and medullary bone(MB)remodeling were illustrated.In Exp.2,two diets with different phosphorus levels(0.32%and 0.14%non-phytate phosphorus(NPP),respectively)were alternately presented to the laying hens.Briefly,four phosphorus feeding regimens in total(each included 6 replicates of 5 hens):(1)fed 0.32%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00;(2)fed 0.32%NPP at 09:00 and 0.14%NPP at 17:00;(3)fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00;(4)fed 0.14%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00.As a result,the regimen fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00,which was designed to strengthen intrinsic phosphate circadian rhythms according to the findings in Exp.1,enhanced(P<0.05)MB remodeling(indicated by histological images,serum markers and bone mineralization gene expressions),elevated(P<0.05)oviduct uterus calcium transportation(indicated by transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 protein expression),and subsequently increased(P<0.05)eggshell thickness,eggshell strength,egg specific gravity and eggshell index in laying hens.Conclusions These results underscore the importance of manipulating the sequence of daily phosphorus ingestion,instead of simply controlling dietary phosphate concentrations,in modifying the bone remodeling process.Body phosphorus rhythms will need to be maintained during

关键词： Body phosphorus rhythm Bone remodeling Eggshell formation Laying hen Phosphorus feeding regimen

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