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A Spatial Evapotranspiration Tool at Grid Scale

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 64-77页

作者： Sivarajah Mylevaganam chittaranjan ray University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

The drastic decline in groundwater table and many other detrimental effects in meeting irrigation demand, and the projected population growth have force to evaluate consumptive use or evapo-transpiration (ET), the rate of liquid water transformation to vapor from open water, bare soil, and vegetation, which determines the irrigation demand. As underscored in the literature, Pen-man-Monteith method which is based on aerodynamic and energy balance method is widely used and accepted as the method of estimation of ET. However, the estimation of ET is oftentimes carried out using meteorological data from climate stations. Therefore, such estimation of ET may vary spatially and thus there exists a need to estimate ET spatially at different spatial or grid scales/resolutions. Thus, in this paper, a spatial tool that can geographically encompass all the best available climate datasets to produce ET at different spatial scales is developed. The spatial tool is developed as a Python toolbox in ArcGIS using Python, an open source programming language, and the ArcPy site-package of ArcGIS. The developed spatial tool is demonstrated using the meteorological data from Automated Weather Data Network in Nebraska in 2010.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Method Aerodynamic Method Energy Balance Method Python ArcPy ArcGIS Spatial Scale Geoprocessing Python Toolbox

The Spatial Sensitivity Analysis of Evapotranspiration using Penman-Monteith Method at Grid Scale

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2016年第1期8卷 121-136页

作者： Sivarajah Mylevaganam chittaranjan ray University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

The need to allocate the existing water in a sustainable manner, even with the projected population growth, has made to assess the consumptive use or evapotranspiration (ET), which determines the irrigation demand. As underscored in the literature, Penman-Monteith method which is a combination of aerodynamic and energy balance method is widely used and accepted as the method of estimation of ET. However, the application of Penman-Monteith relies on many climate parameters such as relative humidity, solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed. Therefore, there exists a need to determine the parameters that are most sensitive and correlated with dependent variable (i.e., ET), to strengthen the knowledge base. However, the sensitivity of ET using Penman-Monteith is oftentimes estimated using meteorological data from climate stations. Such estimation of sensitivity may vary spatially and thus there exists a need to estimate sensitivity of ET spatially. Thus, in this paper, based on One-AT-A-Time (OAT) method, a spatial sensitivity tool that can geographically encompass all the best available climate datasets to produce ET and its sensitivity at different spatial scales is developed. The spatial tool is developed as a Python toolbox in ArcGIS using Python, an open source programming language, and the ArcPy site-package of ArcGIS. The developed spatial tool is demonstrated using the meteorological data from Automated Weather Data Network in Nebraska in 2010. To summarize the outcome of the sensitivity analysis using OAT method, sensitivity indices are developed for each raster cell. The demonstration of the tool shows that, among the considered parameters, the computed ET using Penman-Monteith is highly sensitive to solar radiation followed by temperature for the state of Nebraska, as depicted by the sensitivity index. The computed sensitivity index of wind speed and the relative humidity are not that significant compared to the sensitivity index of solar radiation and t

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Method Aerodynamic Method Energy Balance Method Python ArcPy ArcGIS Spatial Scale Geoprocessing Python Toolbox Sensitivity Analysis One-AT-A-Time Sensitivity Index

Novel wild edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus(Pers.)Morgan induces robust apoptosis on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through a RONS-subsisted mitochondria-dependent pathway

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 67-77页

作者： Amrita Pal Ribhu ray Anirban Chouni Subhadip Hajra Santanu Paul Department of Botany University of CalcuttaKolkata 700019India Department of Cancer Chemoprevention Chittaranjan National Cancer InstituteKolkata 700026India

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effects of the novel wild edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus(Pers.)Morgan(***)on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia ***:Extensive screening of the antiproliferative and chemopreventive potential of different extracts from 5 wild mushrooms,***,Phallus sp.,Lentinus sp.,Tricholoma sp.,and Serpula *** performed against a panel of 6 cancer cell lines and normal cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)*** determination,cell cycle profiling,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and reactive nitrogen species(RNS),and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow *** activity of caspases was measured colorimetrically,and the expression pattern of mitochondrial proteins was ***:The methanol extract of *** and MOLT-4 cells were identified as the most potent extract exhibiting antiproliferative activity and most sensitive cell line,*** mushroom extract induced robust selective apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells and arrested cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 *** extract disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced ROS production in MOLT-4 *** methanol extract induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2,increasing the expression of Bax,and activating the caspase ***:The novel wild edible mushroom is a potential repository of biomolecules for the development of antileukemic drugs.

关键词： Mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus(Pers.)Morgan Apoptosis Antileukemic

新型野生食用菌硬皮地星通过RONS介导线粒体依赖途径诱导人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的强凋亡（英文）

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期 67-77+152页

作者： Amrita Pal Ribhu ray Anirban Chouni Subhadip Hajra Santanu Paul Department of Botany University of Calcutta Department of Cancer Chemoprevention Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute

目标:探讨新型野生食用菌硬皮地星（Astraeus hygrometricus）对人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的治疗作用。方法：采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)试验，对5种野生菌类（硬皮地星、竹荪、香菇、口蘑和干朽菌）的提取物... 详细信息

目标:探讨新型野生食用菌硬皮地星（Astraeus hygrometricus）对人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的治疗作用。方法：采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)试验，对5种野生菌类（硬皮地星、竹荪、香菇、口蘑和干朽菌）的提取物针对6种癌细胞系和正常细胞的抗增殖及化学预防的潜力进行了广泛筛选。采用流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡、细胞周期、细胞内活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)以及线粒体膜电位进行检测。采用比色法测定半胱天冬酶活性，分析线粒体蛋白的表达模式。结果：硬皮地星甲醇提取物的抗增殖活性最强，且MOLT-4细胞系最为敏感。菌类提取物可诱导MOLT-4细胞的强选择性凋亡，并在G0/G1期阻滞细胞周期进程。提取物可破坏线粒体膜电位，增强MOLT-4细胞的ROS生成。甲醇提取物通过下调Bcl-2的表达，增加Bax的表达，以及激活caspase级联反应来诱导细胞凋亡。结论：这种新型野生食用菌为抗白血病药物的开发提供了潜在的生物分子库。

关键词：菌类硬皮地星细胞凋亡抗白血病

Structure, Photochromism and Liquid Crystal Properties of 1-Alkyl-2-(Arylazo)Imidazoles (Raai-C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>, n (Even) = 10 - 22)

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 133-145页

作者： Avijit Nandi Chandana Sen Debashis Mallick Randhir K. Sinha chittaranjan Sinha Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University Kolkata India Department of Chemistry Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith Birati India

Photochromism is the reversible structural change of the molecules upon light irradiation having different spectral pattern before and after irradiation. Liquid crystal (LC) is a long-range orientational order of the molecules in between solid and isotropic liquid phases which share the properties of the crystal and liquid phases. 1-Alkyl-2-(ary-lazo)imidazoles, (Raai-CnH2n+1, R = H, Me and n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) exhibits photochromism and two of them (Haai-C18H37 and Haai-C22H45) show Liquid crystal (LC) properties. One of these compounds, Meaai-C16H33 is structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compounds upon irradiation with UV light show E-to-Z isomerisation. Quantum yields (φE→Z) of E-to-Z isomerisation vary with the molar mass of the compounds. The reverse transformation, Z-to-E, is recorded in thermal condition. The activation energy (Ea) of isomerisation is determined by the controlled temperature reaction. Liquid crystal property of the molecules is examined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and DSC. The carbon chain length n = 18 shows nematic (N)-isotropic (I) phase transition and an unknown Smectic (Sm) phase is observed with n = 22 on heating cycle.

关键词： Arylazoimidazoles Structure Photochromism Liquid Crystal Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition Smectic Phase