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Characteristics of fMRI BOLD signal and its neurophysiological mechanism

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 630-638页

作者： Zhao Xiaohu1,2, Wu Yigen3.and Guo Shengli3.1. college of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.0058, china 2. Imaging Department of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, china 3. college of Mathematics and Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china) college of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Imaging Department Tongji Hospital Tongji University Shanghai 200065 China college of Mathematics and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast has emerged as one of the most potent noninvasive tools for mapping brain function and has been widely used to explore physiological, pathological changes and mental activity in the brain. Exploring the nature and property of BOLD signal has recently attracted more attentions. Despite that great progress has been made in investigation of the characteristics and neurophysiological basis, the exact nature of BOLD signal remains unclear. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of BOLD signals, the nonlinear BOLD response to external stimuli and the relation between BOLD signals and neural electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, we develop our new opinions regarding nonlinear BOLD response and make some perspectives on future study.

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level dependent nonlinear response neural electrophysiological activity.

Adsorption of surfactants onto acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第5期49卷 445-453页

作者： YANG Weiben1,2,3.LI Aimin1,3.CAI Jianguo1,3.MENG Guanhua1,3.& ZHANG Quanxing1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093.china 2. Nanjing college of Chemical Technology,Nanjing 210048,china 3. Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse,Nanjing 21003.,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Nanjing college of Chemical Technology Nanjing 210048 China 3. Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing 210038 China

In this study, a series of acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution were prepared successfully by varying the type and the amount of pore-forming agents. In order to inves-tigate the adsorption behavior and mechanism of surfactants on acrylic ester resins, three kinds of surfactants were utilized as adsorbates that were sodium 6-dodecyl benzenesulfonate (6-NaDBS), sodium 1-dodecyl benzene sulfonate (1-NaDBS) and sodium 1-dodecyl sulfonate, respectively. It was observed that the surface area was available in a particular pore size and an appropriate pore size of resins appeared to be more important for the adsorption of surfactants. As compared to commercial acrylic ester resins XAD-7 and HP2MG, 50# and 3.# resins exhibited more excellent adsorption properties toward 1-NaDBS and 6-NaDBS. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, and double-Langmuir models. Two models provided very good fittings for all resins over the temperature range studied. The investigation indicated that electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond between resins and surfactants were the main forces and had an obvious effect on adsorption proc-ess.

关键词： acrylic ester resin, surfactant, adsorption, pore size distribution, isotherm.

Mathematic Expression of Kinetic Compensation Effect and Relationship between the Exothermic Decomposition Temperature and Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion of Eighty-six Energetic Materials

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含能材料 2001年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： HU Rong zu 1, YANG De suo 2, ZHANG Jiao qiang 3. (1. Department of Chemistry,Northwest University, Xi′an 710065, china 2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji college of Arts and Science, Baoji 721007, china 3. Department of 西北大学陕西西安 710065 宝鸡文理学院陕西 721007 西北工业大学陕西西安 710072

Two relationships are established using the least squares method,between the kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy and pre exponential constant),and the exothermic decomposition temperature and ther... 详细信息

关键词： critical temperature of thermal explosion decomposition temperature DSC energetic materials.

Drag reduction of flow boiling with polymer additives

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2001年第2期8卷 143-146页

作者： QIU Yun ren 1,CHEN Wei ping 2,SI Qin 3.(1.college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083. china 2.Editorial Office of Journal of Central South University, Changsha 410083. china {3. of Chemical E 1. college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 410083 Changsha China 2. Editorial Office of Journal of Central South University 410083 Changsha China 3. college of Chemical Engineering Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China

The drag reducing effect of polymer additive aqueous solution was investigated in flow boiling, and the polymer additives were two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM) with relative molecular mass about 2.56×10 6 and 8.55×10 6. The frictional pressure drop was calculated according to the measured total pressure drop. The results show that the flow drag of flow boiling is reduced by adding a small amount of PAM to water when heat flux is in the range of 15.1 kW·m -2 to 47.0 kW·m -2 , when the mass fraction of PAM is higher than 2.0×10 -5 , the drag reducing effect is obvious. Drag reducing effect of PAM, whose relative molecular mass is 8.55×10 6, is slightly better than that of 2.56×10 6 at the same mass fraction, and the greater the flow rate of the additive solution, the better the effect of the drag reduction.

关键词： polymer additive flow boiling drag reduction pressure drop

Regulation of eight avr genes by hrpG and hrpX in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and their role in pathogenicity

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1288-1294页

作者： XU Rongqi~ 1,3., LI Xianzhen~3. WEI Hongyu~3. JIANG Bole~2, LI Kai~3. HE Yongqiang~ 2,3., FENG Jiaxun~ 1,3.and TANG Jiliang~ 1,2 **(1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresources Conservation and Utilization 2. The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering 3. college of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 53.004, china) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresources Conservation and Utilization Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China college of Life Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China

Eight putative avirulence genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain 8004 were characterized by Tn5gusA5 mutagenesis and gene expression analysis. The virulence test of mutants on Chinese radish showed that all mutants in individual avr genes except avrBs2 mutant were not significantly different from the wild type in virulence. The avrBs2 mutant showed reduced virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Gene expression analysis using β-glucuronidase as reporter indicated that avrBs1.1,avrBs1,avrXccB,avrXccC,avrXccE1 were regulated by hrpG, whereas avrXccA1, avrXccA2 and avrBs2 were not. RT-PCR analysis showed that all hrpG-regulated genes except avrBs1 were also regulated by hrpX. In addition, it was demonstrated that avrBs1 was responsible for elicitation of a type III dependent hypersensitive reaction (HR) on nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R, and wild type Xcc 8004 was unable to cause HR on pepper ECW-20R.

关键词： Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris avirulence gene virulence expression analysis.

Research on Uncertainties in Evaluation Indicator System for Ecological Residential Community

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第S1期36卷 177-181页

作者： JIAO Sheng1,GUAN Chen-yin2,ZENG Guang-ming3.LIU Jian-long1,Zhou Jian-fei3.1.college of Architecture,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082,china 2.Beijin School,Hunan University of Commerce,Changsha,Hunan 410209,china {3. of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082,china) college of Architecture Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Beijin School Hunan University of Commerce Changsha 410209 China college of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China

In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forward,by which a qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicator system suitable for the situation of china and uncertainties can be *** idiographic and operable methods and process were *** the principle of elasticity,hiberarchy and maneuverability,a three-layer evaluation indicator system was established by AHP in Jiuyi ecological residential community,which includes 5 subsystems and 24 *** weights of indicators are measured by AHP and expert estimate and their best indicators values up to par were determined by fuzzy mathematics and *** whole evaluation indicator system not only has an active and practical effect on estimating ecological residential community,but also guides ecological residential community planning.

关键词： ecological residential community evaluation indicator system ecological risk evaluation uncertainty fuzzy mathematics grey correlative coefficient

Community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 315-322页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in *** is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This section of the report underscores the importance of initiatives outlined in the"Healthy china 203. Plan,"emphasizing the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases.A key aspect of this plan involves the establishment of national demonstration areas aimed at comprehensive prevention and control of chronic *** 2020,488 such areas had been set up across china,surpassing the initial target and covering a significant proportion of counties and *** report highlights the successful implementation of these strategies in Lishan district,Anshan city,where demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were launched in *** the course of seven years,the number of healthy units increased substantially,leading to improvements in managing risk factors for CVD among *** reductions in prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,smoking,passive smoking,and drinking were observed,along with the development of healthier behaviors among ***,Qiaokou district in Wuhan City,designated as a national demonstration area in 2014,implemented comprehensive public health promotion ***,special clinics for hypertension intervention were established,contributing to an increase in self-reported rates of hypertension,a slight decrease in prevalence,and a remarkable improvement in the control rate among treated ***,these efforts underscore the effectiveness of community-based approaches in driving positive health outcomes and advancing the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,particularly cardiovascular diseases,in china.

关键词： prevention district treatment

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in china

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第2期21卷 153-199页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina 不详

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in china. This section dissects cardiovascular risk factors in china which including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and air pollution. Hypertension prevalence has steadily increased in china,with efforts to control it facing challenges in achieving optimal rates, especially in rural areas. Interventions like salt substitutes and intensive blood pressure control show promise but need improvement. Abnormal lipid levels, indicative of dyslipidemia,have risen significantly, posing a risk for cardiovascular diseases. Despite efforts, many patients struggle to achieve target lipid levels, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus affect millions of adults in china,with long-term complications adding to the disease burden. Early intervention and effective management are crucial to mitigate its impact. Prevalent among older adults, chronic kidney disease is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, necessitating comprehensive management approaches. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of risk factors, has increased in both adults and adolescents, calling for lifestyle modifications and public health interventions. Ambient and household air pollution remain significant environmental risk factors, despite some improvements in air quality. Continued efforts to reduce emissions are essential for mitigating associated health risks. Addressing these risk factors requires a multifaceted approach, including public health initiatives, policy interventions, and individual-level strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce environmental exposures. Surveillance and research efforts are crucial for monitoring trends and developing effective strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases in

关键词： landscape adding spite

Heart failure in china:epidemiology and current management

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第6期21卷 631-641页

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascularhealth in *** connection with the previous section,this sixth section of the report offers a comprehensive analysis of heart failure(HF)in *** is one of the most important cardiovascular disease in the 21st *** mortality is equivalent to that of *** is an important public health problem that seriously affects the health of Chinese *** recent years,with the deepeningof understanding,the change of treatment principles,the innovation of treatment methods and the update of treatment guidelines,the in-hospital mortality of HF patients has declined,and the long-term prognosis is also ***,there are stilldifferences in the management level of HF among different hospitals in *** to improve the standardized diagnosis andtreatment level of HF in china remains an important challenge.

关键词： epidemiology diagnosis treatment