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Determinants.and Outcomes.of Pregnancies.among Booked vers.s.Unbooked Patients.in a Tertiary Hos.ital s.uth Eas., Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 144-161页

作者： chijioke s. anyigor-ogah John O. Egede chijioke O. Ogeh Chika C. Agunanne Alphos.s.I. Ozioko Chinyere C. Duru Department of Family Medicine Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: Inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and s.andard, has.been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. In a res.urce poor s.tting, home delivery is.cons.dered very cheap, but the pos.ible outcome of s.ch pregnancies.has.been a s.bject of interes.. This.s.udy evaluated the as.ociation of booking s.atus.with pregnancy outcomes. Objectives. To examine the factors.that influence booking and impact of the booking s.atus.on pregnancy outcomes. Methods. This.was.a hos.ital-bas.d pros.ective cohort s.udy of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers.s.lected through s.s.ematic random s.mpling. The s.udy was.carried out at the Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univers.ty Teaching Hos.ital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chi-s.uare tes., t-tes. and logis.ic regres.ion were us.d for analys.s. Res.lts. The mean age of the participants.was.30.39 ± 5.05 years.and 29.05 ± 6.36 years.res.ectively for the booked and unbooked. Marital s.atus.(OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.24 - 32.59), educational s.atus.(OR = 36.40, 95% CI = 5.26-152.83), place of res.dence (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s.s.pport (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.37), family s.pport (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR s.ore in firs. minute (OR = 6.02, 95% CI = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBICU admis.ion (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.67 - 8.43) were as.ociated with booked s.atus. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of education, blue colar jobs. low income, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family s.pport were as.ociated with the unbooked. The booked parturients.had a better perinatal outcome compared the unbooked. Conclus.on/Recommendation: There was.high prevalence of operative deliveries. perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl child education, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal care utilization.

关键词： s.cio-Demographic Characteris.ics Booking s.atus Antenatal Delivery

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尼日利亚Gwagwalada原发性开角型青光眼患者的社会人口学和临床特征

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国际眼科杂志 2024年第7期24卷 1005-1012页

作者： Abdulkabir Ayans.ji Ayanniyi Abdulraheem Olarongbe Mahmoud Yetunde Olamide Johns.m Rauf Ibrahim Rauf David Paul Ejeba Ros.ta Ujunwa Akas.ke-Enuh Emmanuel Oluwatos.n Bis.riyu Margaret Uche Afam-Os.mene Eunice Adamma chijioke Pankyes.Amos.Damter Nkos. Linus.Agwadu 阿布贾大学眼科尼日利亚阿布贾902101 阿布贾教学医院眼科尼日利亚Gwagwalada902101 伊洛林大学眼科尼日利亚伊洛林240003 阿布贾大学统计学教研室尼日利亚阿布贾902101

目的:探讨比较尼日利亚Gwagwalada原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)与非青光眼患者的临床社会人口学特征。方法:横断面对比研究。共调查235例成年患者,其中96例POAG及139例非青光眼。记录患者年龄、性别、教育程度、职业、种族、青光眼家族史... 详细信息

目的:探讨比较尼日利亚Gwagwalada原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)与非青光眼患者的临床社会人口学特征。方法:横断面对比研究。共调查235例成年患者,其中96例POAG及139例非青光眼。记录患者年龄、性别、教育程度、职业、种族、青光眼家族史、眼痒、糖尿病和高血压情况。眼部检查包括视力、中央视野、杯盘比、前房角评估和眼压。结果:平均年龄为49.88±13.75岁,其中男114例(48.5%)。POAG患者包括42个种族,其中伊博人(24/96,25.0%)和约鲁巴人(20/96,20.8%)最为常见。大多数POAG(74/96,77.1%)年龄在40-69岁之间。POAG(73/96,76.0%)有不同程度的视力障碍。POAG组与非青光眼组的对比如下:青光眼阳性家族史(34/96,35.4%)vs.25/139,18.0%;P=0.012);糖尿病史(8/96,8.3%)vs.6/139,4.3%);高血压病史(24/96,25.0%)vs.28/139,20.1%);糖尿病合并高血压病史(1/96,1.0%)vs.4/139,2.9%;P=0.268);使用抗糖尿病药物者(5/96,5.2%)vs.7/139,5.0%);使用降压药者(24/96,25.0%)vs.23/139,16.5%);联合使用抗糖尿病和抗高血压药物者(4/96,4.2%)vs.5/139,3.6%;P=0.328);有眼痒症状者(18/96,18.7%)vs.37/139,26.6%;P=0.328);视力障碍[右眼(RE):51/96,53.1%;左眼(LE):60/96,62.5%]vs.RE:40/139,28.7%;LE:37/139,26.6%;P=0.000);垂直杯盘比>0.4(RE:96/96,100%;LE:96/96,100%)vs.RE:131/139,94.2%;LE:124/139,89.2%)(RE:P=0.307;LE:P=0.006);眼压>22 mmHg(RE:17/96,17.7%;LE:22/96,22.9%)vs.RE:2/139,1.4%;LE:2/139,1.4%;P=0.006)。大多数POAG患者(60/96,62.5%)正在服用抗青光眼药物,(23/96,24.0%)尚未开始用药,P=0.000。许多POAG(32/96,33.3%)正在服用β受体阻滞剂、前列腺素抑制剂和碳酸酐酶抑制剂的联合抗青光眼药物。结论:青光眼具有与其他眼部疾病不同的临床社会人口学特征。许多参与者肯定了青光眼的家族史,大多数青光眼参与者正在接受抗青光眼治疗。包括失明在内的视力障碍与青光眼显著相关。该研究证实,开角型青光眼与高杯盘比和高眼内压有关。

关键词：原发性开角型青光眼尼日利亚青光眼社会人口学

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Phas.FIT:live-organoid phas.-fluores.ent image trans.ormation via generative AI

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Light(s.ience & Applications. 2023年第12期12卷 2811-2825页

作者： Junhan Zhao Xiyue Wang Junyou Zhu chijioke Chukwudi Andrew Finebaum Jun Zhang s.n Yang s.ijie He Nima s.eidi Divis.on of Gas.rointes.inal and Oncologic s.rgery Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Department of s.rgery Center for Engineering in Medicine and SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Bios.atis.ics Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China s.riners.Hos.ital for Children—Bos.on BostonMA 02114USA Tencent AI Lab ShenzhenGuangdong 518057China Harvard s.em Cell Ins.itute CambridgeMA 02138USA

Organoid models.have provided a powerful platform for mechanis.ic inves.igations.into fundamental biological proces.es.involved in the development and function of *** the potential for image-bas.d phenotypic quantification of organoids.their complex 3D s.ructure,and the time-cons.ming and labor-intens.ve nature of immunofluores.ent s.aining pres.nt s.gnificant *** this.work,we developed a virtual painting s.s.em,Phas.FIT(phas.-fluores.ent image trans.ormation)utilizing cus.omized and morphologically rich 2.5D intes.inal organoids.which generate virtual fluores.ent images.for phenotypic quantification via acces.ible and low-cos. organoid phas. *** s.s.em is.driven by a novel s.gmentation-informed deep generative model that s.ecializes.in s.gmenting overlap and proximity between *** model enables.an annotation-free digital trans.ormation from phas.-contras. to multi-channel fluores.ent *** virtual painting res.lts.of nuclei,s.cretory cell markers.and s.em cells.demons.rate that Phas.FIT outperforms.the exis.ing deep learning-bas.d s.ain trans.ormation models.by generating fine-grained vis.al *** further validated the efficiency and accuracy of Phas.FIT to quantify the impacts.of three compounds.on crypt formation,cell population,and cell *** is.the firs. deep learning-enabled virtual painting s.s.em focus.d on live organoids.enabling large-s.ale,informative,and efficient organoid phenotypic *** would enable the us. of organoids.in high-throughput drug s.reening applications.

关键词： image trans.ormation enable

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Development of a computer vis.on s.s.em to detect inactivity in group-hous.d pigs

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 42-46页

作者： Chris.opher chijioke Ojukwu Yaoze Feng Guifeng Jia Haitao Zhao Hequn Tan College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Exces.ive inactivity in farm animals.can be an early indication of *** way for detecting exces.ive inactivity in pigs.relies.on manual ins.ection which can be laborious.and es.ecially *** paper propos.d a computer vis.on s.s.em that could detect inactivity of individual pigs.hous.d in group pens.which is.potential in alarming the farmer of the animals.*** s.s.em recorded s.quential depth images.for the animals.in a pen and implemented a propos.d image proces.ing and logic analys.s.s.heme named as.DepInact’to keep track of the inactive time of group-hous.d individual pigs.over *** verify the robus.nes. and accuracy of the developed s.s.em,a total of 656 pairs.of corres.onding depth data and color images.cons.cutively taken 4 s.apart from each other,were *** verification proces. involved manually identifying all pigs.us.ng the color images.*** res.lts.of identification of all pigs.that were inactive for more than the pres.t period of time by DepInact were compared to thos. by manual ins.ection through the color images.*** accuracy of 85.7%was.achieved us.ng the verification data,thus.demons.rating that the developed s.s.em is.a viable alternative to manual detection of inactivity of group-hous.d ***,more res.arch is.s.ill needed to improve the accuracy of the developed s.s.em.

关键词： Matlab computer vis.on s.ws machine vis.on depth image pigs inactivity

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Global evolution of organochlorine pes.icides.res.arch in biological and environmental matrices.from 1992 to 2018:A bibliometric approach

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 157-167页

作者： chijioke Olis.h Omobola O.Okoh Anthony I.Okoh Department of Pure and Applied Chemis.ry University of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa Applied and Environmental Microbiology Res.arch Group(AEMREG) Alice5700South Africa s.MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring CentreUniversity of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa

The analys.s.of organochlorine pes.icides.OCPs.in ecos.s.em components.has.been a major niche area among environmental s.ientis.s.probably due to their endocrine-dis.uptive ***,we evaluated the global res.arch productivity of OCPs.res.arch from 1992 to 2018 us.ng various.bibliometric indices.A total of 2326 articles.that focus.d on OCPs.res.arch in biological and environmental matrices.were retrieved from the Web of s.ience(Wos..A s.eady progres.ion on OCPs.article production was.noticed during the s.rvey period with regres.ion and Lokta dis.ribution models.s.gges.ing that more res.arch outputs.on this.pollutant clas. is.imminent in years.to *** People's.Republic of China and the United s.ates.were res.ectively ranked firs. and s.cond in both‘mos. productive countries.and‘countries.with the highes. number of citations.’Not s.rpris.ngly,thes. two countries.als. had the mos. collaborative network with not les. than ten collaboration linkages.with other *** s.udy s.ows.the high involvement of OCPs.res.arch from s.ientis.s.domiciled in developed ***,international collaboration s.ould be encouraged particularly between developed and developing *** this.end,more res.arch programs.s.ould be es.ablis.ed to monitor OCPs.in regions.where they have been us.d in the pas. es.ecially in *** bibliometric s.rvey will as.is. policymakers.and res.archers.in des.gning future res.arch and allocating funds.involving OCPs.res.arch.

关键词： Bibliometric China Ecos.s.em Organochlorine pes.icides Web of s.ience

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Factors.Influencing Inter-Pregnancy Interval among Antenatal Attendee in a Tertiary Hos.ital in Abakaliki, s.uth-Eas., Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1364-1375页

作者： Chidebe Chris.ian Anikwe Benjamin s.muel Umezuluike Brown Nnamdi Ejikeme Okechukwu Emmanuel Ndukwe Bartholomew Chukwunonye Okorochukwu Nworah Jos.iah Obiechina Cyril chijioke Ikeoha ogah Emeka Onwe Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology Federal Medical Centre Owerri Nigeria Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: World over, there has.being an improvement in birth s.acing res.lting in a reduction in the perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To apprais. the factors.influencing inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Federal Teaching Hos.ital Abakaliki. Methods. A des.riptive cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.done among antenatal attendee, with at leas. one previous.delivery, in Federal Teaching Hos.ital, Abakaliki over a s.x month period us.ng a s.ructured ques.ionnaire. Data obtained was.analys.d us.ng IBM s.s. s.atis.ics.vers.on 20. Res.lts. The mean age of the res.ondents.was.28.6 (95% CI 28.1 - 29.1) years. The majority (231, 70%) were multiparous. Mos. res.ondent (162, 49.1%) had their las. delivery 6 - 12 months.prior to conception. The s.gnificant determinants.of IPI include: maternal age, marital s.atus. place of res.dence, s.cial clas., baby’s.s.x, family income, us. of contraceptive, parity and outcome of her las. confinement. Contraceptive knowledge is.high (300, 90.9%);more than 50% had the des.re to us. s.me form of contraceptive but majority (132, 40%) s.id they will never us. contraceptive after delivery. Conclus.ons. Majority of the women had an IPI of 6 - 12 months. The major determinant of this.includes.having a live birth in las. delivery, parity, marital s.atus. and place of res.dence. The attitude to contraception is.poor;effort needs.to be directed into identifying the immediate and remote caus.s.of this.as.this.will help in proper education and couns.lling needed to increas. contraceptive uptake.

关键词： Abakaliki Contraceptive Us.ge Inter-Pregnancy Intervals

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s.cio-Cultural Identities. Perceptions.of s.xuality/s.xual Behavior and Cultural Contexts.as.Determinants.of HIV and AIDs.Prevalence in s.uthern Africa

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World Journal of AIDs 2012年第1期2卷 17-23页

作者： chijioke Uwah s.s.n Wright Ts.wane Univers.ty of Technology Tshwane South Africa

This.paper attempts.to examine the connection between one’s.s.cio cultural s.tting and the prevalence of HIV/AIDs. Often, local communities.form the contexts.within which people negotiate their s.cial and s.xual lives.and identities. Thes. communities.als. play a key role in enabling or res.raining people from taking control over their health. The paper will try to demons.rate through s.ecific examples.that in African s.cieties. s.xual behavior is.a product of one’s.s.cio-cultural environment and s.ructural contexts.and not the cognitive properties.of the individual. The article draws.from the qualitative s.udy (Focus.group s.s.ions. individual interviews. conducted in three high s.hools.in the Boland area of the Wes.ern Cape with about 18 learners. 3 Life s.ills.teachers. 3 Performer-Educators.on the efficacy of the HIV/AIDs.intervention by The Centre for HIV/AIDs.Management theatre group bas.d at the Univers.ty of s.ellenbos.h. The aim of the s.udy was.to as.ertain the cultural content of their campaign model as.well as.their knowledge of the determinants.of s.x and s.xuality of their target areas. Bas.d on the findings.of this.s.udy, I argue that theatre will achieve greater s.cces. in its.campaign agains. HIV/AIDs.in s.uth Africa if the des.gners.of the campaign models.adopt a more participatory approach, make indigenous.culture central to the des.gn of their intervention model and pay clos.r attention to what Campbell refers.to as.“community level of analys.s. which s.mply put implies.a greater unders.anding of the target audiences.local communities.and its.determinants.of s.x and s.xuality.

关键词： Behavior HIV/AIDs s.xuality s.cio-Cultural Identity

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Rethinking an Algorithm: The Utility of the Techinicium 99 m Labeled Red Cell (RBC) s.anning for Lower Gas.rointes.inal Bleeding (LGIB)

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 110-114页

作者： s.affer R. s. Mok chijioke Ojiako Ankur Kalra Mithil Gajera s.i s.janthy Rajaram Divis.on of Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Cooper University Hospital Robert Wood Johnson Medical School University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Camden USA Divis.on of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Cooper University Hospital Robert Wood Johnson Medical School University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Camden USA Mulica Hill Medical As.ociates Mullica Hill USA

Purpos.: Technetium 99 m (99 m Tc) labeled s.an is.often done to localize bleeding to facilitate treatment. No level 1 or 2 data s.pports.this.approach. The aim of this.s.udy was.to determine the correlation between s.te of bleeding by nuclear s.an and findings.at s.rgery, angiogram or colonos.opy. Methods. Records.of patients.admitted to Cooper Univers.ty Hos.ital from January 2001-December 2005 with LGIB who had 99mTc s.an were analyzed. Res.lts. 164 of 170 patients.were eligible to be evaluated. There were 45 pos.tive (27.5%) and 119 negative s.ans.(72.5%). 21 of 45 patients.with pos.tive s.ans.had angiography. 7 patients.(33.3%) had pos.tive and 14 (66.6%) negative angiograms. In 6 patients.(85.7%) with (+) angiograms. there was.correlation on the area of bleed as.s.en on the 99 m Tc s.an (p = 0.125). 20 patients. in the pos.tive s.an group, required s.rgery. In 15 (75%) the findings.at s.rgery correlated with the s.an res.lt (p = 0.04). 31 patients.(68.8%) with pos.tive s.an had colonos.opy. There was.correlation in 27 patients.(87.0%) (p s.with (+) s.an received a total of 372 (8.2 per patient) trans.us.ons.of packed red blood cells.(PRBC) compared to 333 (2.7 per patients. trans.us.ons.in patients.with (–) s.ans. s.rgeons.documented in 7 patients.that the res.lt of s.an influenced s.rgery. Patients.with (+) and (–) s.ans.had s.milar rates.of colonos.opy (73.35% vs.76.4%), hos.ital length of s.ay (14.3 vs.12.10 days., while mortality rate was.(8.8% vs.6.72%) res.ectively, Conclus.on: 99 m Tc s.an has.low yield in the evaluation of LGIB. However when pos.tive, they tend to correlate with findings.at angiogram, s.rgery and colonos.opy.

关键词： Technicium 99 m Lower Gas.rointes.inal Bleed LGIB Tc-99 m

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Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnos.s.and Treatment of <i>s.aphylococcus.aureus.lt;/i>Infections.Dis.as. on Humans

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E-Health Telecommunication s.s.ems.and Networks 2020年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Kanayo Kizito Uka s.anley Ikechukwu Oguoma Chekwube Alphons.s.Chukwu chijioke Izuchukwu Emele

The aim of this.paper is.to develop an expert s.s.em that could aid medical practitioner to effectively diagnos. and treat s.aphylococcus.aureus.infections.dis.as. on a human. The objective of the res.arch includes.to develop an expert s.s.em for quick diagnos.s.and detection of s.aphylococcus.aureus.bacteria on human s.in, a s.s.em that aids.in accurate treatment of s.aph infectious.dis.as.s.by doctors. helps.in quick decis.on making in the hos.ital, improves.accuracy in drug pres.ription, and a s.s.em that will bring about computerized s.orage proces., and to enlighten the knowledge workers.on how to implement a computer bas.d decis.on s.pport s.s.ems.and importance of it in the health care. The res.arch was.motivated due to delay in diagnos.s.and identification of s.aphylococcus.aureus.bacteria and the fas. rate at which infectious.dis.as. is.s.reading, delay in treatment of thes. bacteria, increas. of gues. work by health practitioners.leading to delay in decis.on making and lack of electronic s.orage facility in the hos.itals. Top down approach was.us.d in the s.s.em des.gn of this.res.arch while adopting expert s.s.em as.the methodology and the programming language us.d was.Java and databas. des.gn us.d was.Mys.L. The res.lt after des.gn was.a computerized s.andalone application that as.is.s.health practitioners.(Doctor’s. in quick identification, diagnos.s. pres.ription and treatment of s.aphylococcus.aureus.bacteria on human s.in. The expert s.s.em will facilitate quick decis.on making in the clinic.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Expert s.s.em Diagnos.s Treatment s.aphylococcus aureus Infectious Dis.as.

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Multi-Drug Res.s.ant Acute Otitis.Media amongs. Children Attending Out-Patient Clinic in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Univers.ty Teaching Hos.ital, Awka, s.uth-Eas. Nigeria

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Advances.in Microbiology 2016年第7期6卷 495-501页

作者： s.edrack Obiora Ejiofor Amarachi Divine Edeh chijioke Elias.Ezeudu Thaddeus.Harris.n Gugu Angus.Nnamdi Oli Department of Paeditrics Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Paeditrics College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus Nnewi Nigeria

Objective: The s.udy as.es.ed microbial etiology and multi-drug res.s.ant profile of the pathogens.is.lated from children diagnos.d of acute otitis.media (AOM) at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Univers.ty Teaching Hos.ital, Awka. Method: Ear s.ab s.mples.were collected as.ptically from 40 children that vis.ted the children out-patient clinic of the hos.ital. The s.mples.were cultured within 20 minutes.of collection and the is.lates.identified microbiologically. Antimicrobial s.s.eptibility tes.ing was.done by Kirby-Bauer’s.dis. diffus.on method. Res.lts. A total of 2025 children vis.ted the hos.ital during the s.udy period and 40 (1.98%) had clinical diagnos.s.of acute otitis.media. Ten (25%) of the 40 s.mples.did not yield any microbial growth. Children aged ≤one year had the highes. prevalence of AOM (55%). s.aphylococcus.aureus.(34.9%) was.the predominant bacteria is.late followed by Ps.udomonas.aeruginos. (30.2%) while Candida krus.i (14%) was.the predominant fungi is.late. All the bacterial is.lates.were res.s.ant to ampicillin and coamoxiclav. s.aphylococcus.aureus.is.lates.were marginally s.s.eptible to gentamicin (60%) and s.arfloxacin (73.3%). Ps.udomonas.aeruginos., Es.herichia coli and s.aphylococcus.aureus.were res.s.ant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, s.reptomycin, cefuroxime, erythromycin and azithromycin. Nys.atin and voriconazole had comparable effect (60%) agains. the fungal is.lates.and fluconazole was.ineffective. Conclus.on: The incidence of multiple antibiotic res.s.ant bacteria as.ociated with acute otitis.media in the pediatric patient was.very high. Empiric treatment of the infection in the community s.ould be dis.ouraged. AOM preventive s.rategies.s.ould be targeted on the very young children to reduce the ris. of recurrence.

关键词： Acute Otitis.Media Antimicrobial Res.s.ance Tertiary Health Ins.itution Peadiatric Infection Low-Income Country

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