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Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indris Indri indri

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 41-49页

作者： Giovanni Spezie Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna chiara de gregorio Daria Valente Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology School of Nature SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly

Indris Indri indri are group-living lemurs that occupy stable territories over several years and perform remarkable long-distance vocal *** exchanges between long-term territory neighbors may contribute to assessing reciprocal resource-holding potentials, thus adaptivelyreducing the costs of territorial defense by limiting aggressive escalation. Previous work showed that indris’ songs show distinctive acousticfeatures at individual and group level. However, the possibility that indris use such cues for individual or group-level recognition has never beeninvestigated experimentally. We conducted a playback experiment to test whether indris discriminate between familiar and nonfamiliar *** rationale lies in the hypothesis of the dear enemy phenomenon, which predicts that territorial animals will show reduced aggression levelstoward familiar neighbors compared with novel rivals. We played back stimulus recordings to wild indris from their territory boundaries andexamined their responses in terms of vocal and behavioral indicators of willingness to engage in a fight. In line with our predictions, focal animals responded more rapidly and approached more often the speaker in response to playback stimuli of nonfamiliar individuals than to stimuliof neighboring groups. These results indicate that indris can discriminate between different classes of intruders based on distinctive acousticfeatures of their song choruses. We suggest that increased aggression directed toward unfamiliar intruders may be explained by higher threatlevels associated with dispersal and group formation dynamics. We further discuss the relevance of these findings in a strepsirrhine primatemodel for comparative studies of vocal communication and sociality.

关键词： acoustic communication dear-enemy effect neighbor-stranger discrimination primate communication song territoriality

Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 89-97页

作者： chiara de gregorio Anna Zanoli Daria Valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universita di Torino via Accademia Albertina Torino Italia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale Universita di Parma Parma Italia Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar departement de Anthropobiologie et developpement Durable Universite d'Antananarivo Faculte des Sciences Antananarivo Madagascar

Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关键词： chorus coordination duets lemurs singing synchrony

Born to sing!Song development in a singing primate

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 597-608页

作者： chiara de gregorio Filippo CARUGATI Vittoria ESTIENNE Daria VALENTE Teresa RAIMONDI Valeria TORTI Longondraza MIARETSOA Jonah RATSIMBAZAFY Marco GAMBA Cristina GIACOMA department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torinovia Accademia Albertina 13Torino 10125Italy Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar(GERP) BP 779–Antananarivo 101Madagascar

In animal vocal communication,the development of adult-like vocalization is fundamental to interact appropriately with ***,the factors that guide ontogenetic changes in the acoustic features remain poorly *** contrast with a historical view of nonhuman primate vocal production as substantially innate,recent research suggests that inheritance and physiological modification can only explain some of the developmental changes in call structure during growth.A particular case of acoustic communication is the indris’singing behavior,a peculiar case among Strepsirrhine *** to a decade of intense data collection,this work provides the first long-term quantitative analysis on song development in a singing *** understand the ontogeny of such a complex vocal output,we investigated juvenile and sub-adult indris’vocal behavior,and we found that young individuals started participating in the chorus years earlier than previously *** results indicated that spectro-temporal song parameters underwent essential changes during *** particular,the age and sex of the emitter influenced the indris’vocal *** found that frequency parameters showed consistent changes across the sexes,but the temporal features showed different developmental trajectories for males and *** the low level of morphological sexual dimorphism and the marked differences in vocal behavior,we hypothesize that factors like social influences and auditory feedback may affect songs’features,resulting in high vocal flexibility in juvenile *** trait may be pivotal in a species that engages in choruses with rapid vocal turn-taking.

关键词： duet flexibility juveniles lemurs ontogeny rhythm

deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 479-485页

作者： Claudia Cavallini Elena Olivi Riccardo Tassinari chiara Zannini gregorio Ragazzini Martina Marcuzzi Valentina Taglioli Carlo Ventura National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor LabBologna 40128Italy Eldor Lab Bologna 40128Italy department of Medical and Surgical Sciences(DIMEC) University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident ***,in particular,have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for *** this editorial,we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al,in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells,which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee *** focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities,thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment(niche).Stem cell differen-tiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM,including its chemical and protein composition,as well as the mechanical forces it can ***,these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and *** interest in mechanobiology,often conceptualized as a form of“structural memory”,is steadily gaining more validation and momen-tum,especially in light of findings such as these.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Antler stem cells Stem cell niche Regenerative medicine decellularized scaffolds Cell memory