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A generalized Norde plot for reverse biased Schottky contacts

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第1期19卷 54-58页

作者： chin-Min Hsiung Chuen-Shii Chou Ting-Lung chiang Department of Mechanical Engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology

When a metal makes intimate contact with a semiconductor material, a Schottky barrier may be created. The Schottky contact has many important applications in the integrated circuit (IC) electronics field. The parameters of such contacts can be determined from their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The literature contains many proposals for extracting the contact parameters using graphical methods. However, such methods are generally applicable only to contacts with a forward bias, whereas many Schottky contacts actually operate under a reverse bias. Accordingly, the present study proposed a generalized reverse current-voltage (I-V) plot which enables the series resis-tance, barrier height, and ideality factor of a reverse biased Schottky contact to be extracted from a single set of I-V measurements. A theo-retical derivation of the proposed approach was presented and a series of validation tests were then performed. The results show that the proposed method is capable of extracting reliable estimates of the contact parameters even in the presence of experimental noise.

关键词： semiconductor materials integrated circuits electric contacts reverse bias Schottky barriers

Testes extracts inhibit heart contractions in females of the blood-feeding insect, Rhodnius prolixus

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Insect Science 2010年第4期17卷 386-392页

作者： Jocelyn D. Martens R. Gary chiang Biology Department Redeemer University College Ancaster Ontario Canada

Myogenic contractions of the heart of the female blood-feeding insect, Rhodnius prolixus （Stal）, are inhibited by crude extracts of testes applied directly to isolated dorsal vessels. Dorsal vessels were observed with a stereo microscope and heart beats timed with a stopwatch. In normal Rhodnius saline, hearts contract at 14.8 4- 7.1 beats per minute （n = 45）. Crude extracts of the testes and the two male reproductive accessory organs （the opaque and transparent accessory glands） were prepared from previously frozen tissue by homogenizing 5-20 glands in a small glass homogenizer containing Rhodnius saline, centrifuging for 5 rain at 2 000 g, and collecting the supernatant. Testes extract as low as 1.0 glands per mL inhibit contractions whereas crude extracts of the opaque or transparent accessory glands have no consistent effect. We refer to this cardiac inhibitor as rhodtestolin （Rhodnius testis inhibitory factor）, and discuss its possible effects on the female during copulation.

关键词： cardiac inhibition copulation heart beat Rhodnius rhodtestolin testis

Conservation and Diversity of MicroRNA-associated Copper-regulatory Networks in Populus trichocarpa

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第11期53卷 879-891页

作者： Shanfa Lu Chenmin Yang Vincent L. chiang Medicinal Plant Cul＇tivation Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China Forest Biotechnology Group Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Plants develop important regulatory networks to adapt to the frequently-changing availability of copper （Cu）, However, little is known about miRNA-associated Cu-regulatory networks in plant species other than Arabidopsis. Here, we report that Cu-responsive miRNAs in Populus trichocarpa （Torr. ＆ Gray） include not only conserved miR397, miR398 and miR408, but also Populus-specific miR1444, suggesting the conservation and diversity of Cu-responsive miRNAs in plants. Copper-associated suppression of mature miRNAs is in company with the up-regulation of their target genes encoding Cu-containing proteins in Populus. The targets include miR397-targeted PtLAC5, PtLAC6 and PtLAC110a, miR398- targeted PtCSD1, PtCSD2a and PtCSD2b, miR408-targeted PtPCL1, PtPCL2, PtPCL3 and PtLAC4, and miR1444-targeted PtPP03 and PtPP06. Consistently, P. trichocarpa miR408 promoter-directed GUS gene expression is down-regulated by Cu in transgenic tobacco plants. Cu-response elements （CuREs） are found in the promoters of Cu-responsive miRNA genes. We identified 34 SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like （SPL） genes, of which 17 are full-length PtSPL proteins or partial sequences with at least 300 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PtSPL3 and PtSPL4 are CuRE-binding proteins controlling Cu-responsive gene expression. Cu appears to be not involved in the regulation of these transcription factors because neither PtSPL3 nor PtSPL4 is Cu-regulated and no CuRE exists in their promoters.

关键词： copper Cu-response element microRNA Populus SPB domain protein.

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Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines —— A review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第5期11卷 3-19页

作者： Mengmeng Wang Quanyin Tan Joseph F. chiang Jinhui Li Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education of China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta NY 13820 USA

Urban mining is essential for continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of rare and precious metals （RPMs） from urban mines has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industrial sectors, because of the broad application and high price of RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of various technologies for RPM recovery from urban mines, including both conventional （pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing）, and emerging （electrochemical, supereritieal fluid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing） technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs from nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is often used tbr RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is effective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of target metals and high recovery efficiency of RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise for leaching RPMs from urban mines, because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. Newly developed technologies electrochemical, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical have offered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as efficient and environmentally friendly methods of recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this field, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of RPM mining.

关键词： Rare and precious metals (RPMs) Distribution characteristics Recycling technology Emerging technology Supercritical fluid

Association between metabolic factors and chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7213-7216页

作者： chien-Hsieh chiang Kuo-chin Huang Department of Family Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science China Medical University

There are limited data regarding the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and metabolic *** article aims to highlight the link of metabolic factors with hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)serostatus,HBV load,and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Although HBsAg-positive serostatus was positively correlated with a high risk of metabolic syndrome in students,chronic HBV-infected individuals have high serum adiponectin *** androgen pathway in HBV carriers with a low body mass index is more triggered which leads to enhanced HBV *** HBV load was inversely associated with obesity in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-seropositive HBV carriers;while in HBeAg-seronegative HBV carriers,high HBV load was inversely related to hypertriglyceridemia rather than *** overweight and obese HBV-infected patients,high HBV load was positively associated with serum adiponectin *** large cohort studies have revealed a positive link of diabetes with incidence of HBV-related ***,the association between incidence of HCC and metabolic factors other than diabetes is still *** long-term prospective studies should elucidate the association of chronic HBV infection and its outcomes with metabolic factors in clinical practice.

关键词： Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis B viral load Hepatocellular carcinoma Diabetes Obesity Adiponectin

Recent advances in regulatory T cells induced by B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第5期15卷 539-541页

作者： chien-Hui chien Bor-Luen chiang Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan UniversityTaipei City 10048TaiwanChina Department of Medicinal Research National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei City 10002TaiwanChina

Naïve CD4+CD25−T cells activated in the presence of naïve splenic B cells may differentiate into CD4+CD25+Foxp3−regulatory T cells,which were named Treg-of-B cells by our group(Table 1).In addition,the oral delivery of antigenactivated naive Peyer’s patch B cells induced Treg-of-B(P)cells with an increased suppressive function.3 Our recent article reported that peritoneal B-1a cells produced more IL-10;moreover,B-1a cells promoted the induction of Treg-of-B1a cells in an IL-10-independent manner.1 In our studies,splenic B2-cell-induced Treg-of-B cells,Peyer’s patch B-cell-induced Treg-of-B(P)and peritoneal B-1a-cell-induced Treg-of-B1a cells shared similar phenotypes and *** group subsequently reported that adoptive transfer these Treg-of-B cells protected mice from several disease models,including allergic asthma,rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel ***,we summarize the suppression and induction mechanism of Treg-of-B cells(Figure 1).

关键词： Foxp3 peritoneal patch

Sustainability Evaluation of Modern Photovoltaic Agriculture Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS and Least Squares Support Vector Machine Optimized by Fireworks Algorithm

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 163-188页

作者： Yi Liang Haichao Wang Wei-chiang Hong School of Management Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang050031China Strategy and Management Base of Mineral Resources in Hebei Province Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang050031China Long Yuan(Beijing)Wind Power Engineering&Consulting Co. Ltd.Beijing100034China Department of Information Management Oriental Institute of TechnologyNew TaipeiTaiwanChina

Photovoltaics(PV)has been combined with many other industries,such as *** there are many problems for the sustainability of PV *** and accurate sustainability evaluation of modern photovoltaic agriculture is of great significance for accelerating the sustainable development of modern photovoltaic *** order to improve the timeliness and accuracy of evaluation,this paper proposes an evaluation model based on interval type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS and least squares support vector machine optimized by fireworks ***,the criteria system of modern photovoltaic agriculture sustainability is constructed from three dimensions including technology sustainability,economic sustainability and social ***,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)methods are improved by using interval type-2 fuzzy theory,and the traditional evaluation model based on interval type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS is obtained,and the improved model is used for comprehensive *** that,the optimal parameters of least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)model are obtained by Fireworks algorithm(FWA)training,and the intelligent evaluationmodel for the sustainability of modern photovoltaic agriculture is constructed to realize fast and intelligent ***,an empirical analysis is conducted to demonstrate the scientificity and accuracy of the proposed *** study is conducive to the comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of modern photovoltaic agriculture,and can provide decision-making support for more reasonable development model in the future of modern photovoltaic agriculture.

关键词： Modern photovoltaic agriculture sustainability evaluation interval type-2 fuzzy numbers AHP TOPSIS FWA LSSVM

Charmonium-Nuclear Bound States

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chinese journal of nuclear physics 1994年第1期16卷 30-33页

作者： Chen, Kezhong chiang, Huanching Zhang, Weifeng Guangxi Univ Nanning China

In order to have a quantitative understanding for the possibility to form the nuclear-bound charmonium, a different calculation was proposed here in which the Klein-Gorden equation with the ηc-nucleus optical potentials obtained by folding the ηc-nucleon interaction with the nuclear densities is solved numerically. From our calculation, it could be concluded that ηc can be bound in nuclei, and the value of the binding energy depends on the ηc-N interaction strength and the nucleus.

关键词： Band structure Elementary particles

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Strategies of mucosal immunotherapy for allergic diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第6期8卷 453-461页

作者： Yi-Ling Ye Ya-Hui Chuang Bor-Luen chiang Department of Biotechnology National Formosa UniversityYunlinTaiwan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan

Incidences of allergic disease have recently increased ***-specific immunotherapy(SIT)has long been a controversial treatment for allergic *** beneficial effects on clinically relevant outcomes have been demonstrated in clinical trials by subcutaneous immunotherapy(SCIT),there remains a risk of severe and sometimes fatal *** immunotherapy is one advantageous choice because of its non-injection routes of administration and lower side-effect *** study reviews recent progress in mucosal immunotherapy for allergic *** routes,antigen quality and quantity,and adjuvants used are major considerations in this ***,direct uses of unique probiotics,or specific cytokines,have been ***,some researchers have reported new therapeutic ideas that combine two or more *** most important strategy for development of mucosal therapies for allergic diseases is the improvement of antigen formulation,which includes continuous searching for efficient adjuvants,collecting more information about dominant T-cell epitopes of allergens,and having the proper combination of *** clinics,when compared to other mucosal routes,sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT)is a preferred choice for therapeutic administration,although local and systemic side effects have been ***,not every allergen has the same beneficial *** studies are needed to determine the benefits of mucosal immunotherapy for different allergic diseases after comparison of the different administration routes in children and *** collected from large,well-designed,double-blind,placebo-controlled,and randomized trials,with post-treatment follow-up,can provide robust substantiation of current evidence.

关键词： adjuvant allergic disease mucosal immunotherapy