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Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides （CPPs）： Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 407-427页

作者： Jennica L. Zaro Wei-chiang Shen Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033 USA

Over the past few decades, cell penetrating peptides （CPPs） have become an important class of drug carders for small molecules, proteins, genes and nanoparticle systems. CPPs represent a very diverse set of short peptide sequences （10-30 amino acids）, generally classified as cationic or amphipathic, with various mechanisms in cellular internalization. In this review, a more comprehensive assessment of the chemical structural characteristics, including net cationic charge, hydrophobicity and helicity was assembled for a large set of commonly used CPPs, and compared to results from numerous in vivo drug delivery studies. This detailed information can aid in the design and selection of effective CPPs for use as transport carriers in the delivery of different types of drug for therapeutic applications.

关键词： cell penetrating peptides amphipathic pep-tides drug delivery

Asymptotic analysis of dispersive tsunami from a slender fault

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第6期31卷 1073-1084页

作者： Yile Li chiang C.Mei I-Chi Chan Katy TexasUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Department of Civil Engineering National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiChina

An approximate theory is developed for the two-dimensional propagation of tsunami emanated from a slender fault of fine *** significant contrasts between the sea depth,fault width,fault length and the bathymetric length scales,we invoke parabolic approximation to deduce a linear Kademtsev・Petviashivili(K-P)equation governing the two-dimensional propagation of dispersive long waves over great *** techniques are employed to explore the far-field radiation in the forward and spanwise directions in a sea of constant *** solution can be used as a convenient input for predicting local variations of wave scattering and possibly breaking along a coast.

关键词： Slender fault dispersion in transocean tsunami Linear Kademtsev-Petviashivi1i approximation

Bending-induced extension in two-dimensional crystals

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第1期33卷 71-76页

作者： Douxing Pan Yao Li Tzu-chiang Wang Wanlin Guo State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Mechanical Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices (MOE) Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China

We find by ab initio simulations that significant overall tensile strain can be induced by pure bending in a wide range of two-dimensional crystals perpendicular to the bending moment, just like an accordion being bent to open. This bending-induced tensile strain increases in a power law with bent curvature and can be over 20% in monolayered black phosphorus and transition metal dichalcogenides at a moderate curvature of but more than an order weaker in graphene and hexagon boron nitride. This accordion effect is found to be a quantum mechanical effect raised by the asymmetric response of chemical bonds and electron density to the bending curvature.

关键词： Monolayer black phosphorus Bending to extension Accordion effect Density functional theory

A DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF DERIVATIVE CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第3期20卷 260-274页

作者： Tzu-An chiang Z.H.CHE Tung-Te WANG Department of Business Administration National Taipei College of Business Department of Industrial Engineering & Management National Taipei University of Technology

Increasing environmental awareness and stringent environmental regulations have motivated many companies to incorporate ecodesign into product development. To assist companies to address the challenge, this research presents a design for environment （DfE） methodology to evaluate and improve derivative consumer electronic product development using a back-propagation neural network （BPNN） model and a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） method. Based on use of a BPNN, the life cycle assessment （LCA） models are developed to estimate quantities of hazardous chemical substances and energy consumption for a derivative consumer electronic product throughout the product life cycle. A performance evaluation and improvement model for DfE is then devised based on the TOPSIS method to analyze the ecodesign performance and provide concrete improvement strategies. With the aforementioned analysis of environmental performance, an enterprise can profoundly understand and significantly enhance the relative DfE performance of a new product compared to the similar competitive products. Finally, we apply an optical mouse development project as a case to elaborate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. These analytical results can let us understand the DfE performance ranking and acquire the maximum reduced quantity of each DfE criterion for each module of a new product. Meanwhile, to enhance the green competitiveness of the new product, we recommend that the engineers should decrease the area of the circuit board of the new product. In addition, the material of the USB cable for the new product should be switched from the PVC material to the PE material.

关键词： Back-propagation neural network TOPSIS design for environment ecodesign product development

Emodin and shikonin(quinones): an overview of their chemistry, plant sources, pharmacology and cytotoxic activities against lung cancer

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第1期29卷 1-12页

作者： Eric Wei chiang Chan Chen Wai Wong Siu Kuin Wong Yew Woh Hui Joash Ban lee Tan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia Xiamen University Malaysia Bandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia School of Science Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway47500 Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia

Emodin and shikonin are quinones that are commonly found in the roots of plant species of the families Polygonaceae and Boraginceae,*** have a wide spectrum of bioactivities,including anti-cancer *** overview on the cytotoxic properties of emodin and shikonin is focused on lung cancer,the leading cause of cancer death in the *** emodin,the-OH groups at C1 and C3 positions,while in shikonin,the-OH groups of the naphthazarin moiety and chiral side-chain,are important for their anti-tumour *** have shown that emodin and shikonin inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis,autophagy,necrosis and early senescence,and by inhibiting proliferation,invasion,migration and *** cytotoxic activities are involved multiple molecular targets and signalling pathways.A clinical trial using shikonin to treat patients with late-stage lung cancer has been *** future perspectives and research needs are *** of information are from Google Scholar,Pub Med,Science Direct,J-Stage,Pub Chem and CNKI.

关键词： Quinones Emodin Shikonin Lung cancer cells Clinical trial

Low-power laser irradiation inhibits arecoline-induced fibrosis:an in vitro study

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International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第1期9卷 38-42页

作者： Mei-Chun Yeh Ker-Kong Chen Min-Hsuan chiang Chia-Hsin Chen Ping-Ho Chen Huey-Er lee Yan-Hsiung Wang School of Dentistry College of Dental MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan Department of Dentistry Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan Orthopaedic Research Center College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung HospitalKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan

Oral submucous fibrosis （OSF） is a potentially malignant disorder that is characterized by a progressive fibrosis in the oral submucosa. Arecoline, an alkaloid compound of the areca nut, is reported to be a major aetiological factor in the development of OSF. Low-power laser irradiation （LPLI） has been reported to be beneficial in fibrosis prevention in different damaged organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of LPLI on arecoline-induced fibrosis. Arecoline- stimulated human gingival fibroblasts （HGFs） were treated with or without LPLI. The expression levels of the fibrotic marker genes alpha-smooth muscle actin （a-SMA） and connective tissue growth factor （CTGF/CCN2） were analysed by quantitative real- time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and western blots. In addition, the transcriptional activity of CCN2 was further determined by a reporter assay. The results indicated that arecoline increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of CCN2 and a-SMA in HGF. Interestingly, both LPLI and forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, reduced the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes and inhibited the transcriptional activity of CCN2. Moreover, pretreatment with SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, blocked LPLI＇s inhibition of the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes. Our data suggest that LPLI may inhibit the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes via the cAMP signalling pathway.

关键词： adenylate cyclase alpha-smooth muscle actin connective tissue growth factor fibrosis low-power laser irradiation

Usefulness of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第39期11卷 6115-6119页

作者： Chaur-Shine Wang Chin-Lin Lin Hsi-Chang lee Kuan-Yang Chen Ming-Feng chiang Hung-Sheng Chen Tsung-Jung Lin Department of Gastroenterology Ren-Ai Branch Taipei City HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina

AIM： To evaluate whether DCP is better than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant liver disease and further evaluate the usefulness of DCP in early diagnosis of small HCC. METHODS： Serum DCP and AFP levels were determined in 127 patients. Among these patients, 32 were with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis, 34 were with compensated cirrhosis, and 61 were with HCC. The cut-off value for the DCP and AFP were set as 40 mAU/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectively. To compare the diagnostic value of DCP and AFP in distinguishing HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease, receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were constructed for each assay. RESULTS： The accuracy, sensitivity, and specifidty of DCP were higher than AFP in detecting HCC （81.9%, 77%, and 86.4% vs 68.5%, 59%, and 77.3%, respectively）. The area under the ROC （AUROC） curves revealed that DCP had a better accuracy than AFP in diagnosis of HCC （0.85 [95%CI, 0.78-0.91] vs 0.73 [95%CI, 0.65-0.81], P= 0.013）. In 39 patients with solitary HCC, the positive rates of DCP were 100% in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 66.7% in patients with tumor size 2-3 cm and 50% in patients with tumor size less than 2 cm. The positive rates of AFP in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 2-3 crn and less than 2 cm were 55.6%, 50%, and 33.3%, respectively. The median level of DCP in HCC patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm was significantly higher than those with tumor size 2-3 cm and those with the size of less than 2 cm. CONCLUSION： Our study indicates that DCP has a better diagnostic value than AFP in differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. DCP has not only a stronger correlation with HCC than AFP in tumor size but also more effectiveness than AFP in detecting small size of HCC.

关键词： Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin α-Fetoprotein Hepatocellular carcinoma

A generalized Norde plot for reverse biased Schottky contacts

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第1期19卷 54-58页

作者： Chin-Min Hsiung Chuen-Shii Chou Ting-Lung chiang Department of Mechanical Engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology

When a metal makes intimate contact with a semiconductor material, a Schottky barrier may be created. The Schottky contact has many important applications in the integrated circuit (IC) electronics field. The parameters of such contacts can be determined from their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The literature contains many proposals for extracting the contact parameters using graphical methods. However, such methods are generally applicable only to contacts with a forward bias, whereas many Schottky contacts actually operate under a reverse bias. Accordingly, the present study proposed a generalized reverse current-voltage (I-V) plot which enables the series resis-tance, barrier height, and ideality factor of a reverse biased Schottky contact to be extracted from a single set of I-V measurements. A theo-retical derivation of the proposed approach was presented and a series of validation tests were then performed. The results show that the proposed method is capable of extracting reliable estimates of the contact parameters even in the presence of experimental noise.

关键词： semiconductor materials integrated circuits electric contacts reverse bias Schottky barriers

Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines —— A review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第5期11卷 3-19页

作者： Mengmeng Wang Quanyin Tan Joseph F. chiang Jinhui Li Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education of China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta NY 13820 USA

Urban mining is essential for continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of rare and precious metals （RPMs） from urban mines has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industrial sectors, because of the broad application and high price of RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of various technologies for RPM recovery from urban mines, including both conventional （pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing）, and emerging （electrochemical, supereritieal fluid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing） technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs from nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is often used tbr RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is effective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of target metals and high recovery efficiency of RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise for leaching RPMs from urban mines, because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. Newly developed technologies electrochemical, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical have offered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as efficient and environmentally friendly methods of recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this field, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of RPM mining.

关键词： Rare and precious metals (RPMs) Distribution characteristics Recycling technology Emerging technology Supercritical fluid