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Wheat Production and Wheat Rust Management in Canada

Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2012年第1期19卷 1-14页

作者： Xue Allen G chi dawn t Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Ottawa Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada

Wheat is Canada's the largest crop with most of the production in the western Canadian Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. there were approximately 10 million (M) hectares (hm2) seeded to wheat in Canada, including 7 M hm2 of hexaploid spring wheat (triticum aestivum L.), 2 M hm2 of durum wheat (t. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.), and 1 M hm2 of winter wheat (t. aestivum). Within hexaploid wheat there has been diversification into a number of market classes based on different end-use quality criteria. the predominant spring bread wheat class has been the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. Historically, the disease of major concern in wheat was stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. the first significant stem rust resistant cultivar in Canada was thatcher, grown extensively from 1939 until the early 1970s. thatcher, however, was very susceptible to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina. Over years, improved resistance to both stem and leaf rust was achieved with the release of cultivars with additional genes for resistance, primarily Sr2, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr16, and Lr34. the genetic resistance has adequately controlled stem rust but leaf rust continues to cause significant loss, partially due to changes in the P. triticina population which reduced the effectiveness of resistance genes such as Lr13 and Lr16. Stripe rust on wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, was historically a problem under irrigation in southern Alberta, but since 2000, it has been found annually in the central Canadian prairies and southern Ontario. the genetic basis of resistance to stripe rust in most Canadian wheat cultivars has not been determined, although Yr18 provides partial resistance in many cultivars. In the future, other rust diseases, such as wheat stripe rust, or highly virulent new pathotypes of current rust pathogens, such as P. graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug-99, may pose new threats to cereal productio

关键词： wheat triticum aestivum stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici leaf rust P. triticina stripe rust P. striiformis

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基于中国全科医生的糖尿病医患沟通技能培训设计与开发

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中国全科医学 2024年第7期27卷 816-821页

作者：姚弥林恺樊洁婷纪欣鑫王颖董爱梅韩晓宁齐建光迟春花 Shamil Haroon dawn Jackson KK Cheng Richard Lehman 北京大学第一医院全科医学科北京市100034 北京大学医学部全科医学系北京市100191 汕头大学医学院第一附属医院全科医学中心广东省汕头市515041 火箭军特色医学中心内分泌科北京市100088 汕头大学医学院广东省汕头市515041 北京大学第一医院教育处北京市100034 北京大学第一医院内分泌科北京市100034 北京大学第一医院心血管科北京市100034 北京大学第一医院儿科北京市100034 北京大学第一医院健康管理中心北京市100034 英国伯明翰大学应用健康研究院伯明翰B152TT 英国伯明翰大学医学院伯明翰B152TT

全科医生作为居民健康“守门人”,在基层糖尿病等慢性疾病管理中发挥着重要作用。糖尿病管理可以延缓病情进展、减少糖尿病并发症和改善患者健康结局,这需要患者和医生之间的有效沟通并互相协作。全科医生具备良好的沟通能力有助于与糖... 详细信息

全科医生作为居民健康“守门人”,在基层糖尿病等慢性疾病管理中发挥着重要作用。糖尿病管理可以延缓病情进展、减少糖尿病并发症和改善患者健康结局,这需要患者和医生之间的有效沟通并互相协作。全科医生具备良好的沟通能力有助于与糖尿病患者建立长期的照护关系、帮助患者建立有效的自我管理技能。本文总结了本研究团队在多种理论框架指导下的全科医生糖尿病沟通技能培训的设计和开发:基于系统综述发现的循证依据,通过定性研究进一步探索糖尿病患者与全科医生的沟通体验和想法,以及混合方法研究设计理念获取全科医学对于医患沟通培训内容的优先排序,旨在为高质量的基层糖尿病管理提供新思路,并为基于证据和医学教育框架设计全科医生相关培训项目提供借鉴。

关键词：糖尿病沟通技能在职培训培训设计全科医生

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加拿大小麦生产和锈病防治

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东北农业大学学报 2012年第1期43卷 1-11页

作者： Allen G. Xue dawn t. chi 张淑珍李卓夫徐鹏飞姜良宇范素杰王欣加东谷物与油料研究中心加拿大农业与农产食品部加拿大渥太华安大略K1A0C6 东北农业大学大豆研究所大豆生物学教育部重点实验室哈尔滨150030 东北农业大学农学院哈尔滨150030

小麦是加拿大种植面积最大的作物,大部分种植于加拿大西部曼尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省、阿尔伯塔省的草原省份。在加拿大小麦种植面积大约有1 000万hm2,包括700万hm2的六倍体春小麦,200万hm2的硬粒小麦和100万hm2的冬小麦。六倍体小麦又... 详细信息

小麦是加拿大种植面积最大的作物,大部分种植于加拿大西部曼尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省、阿尔伯塔省的草原省份。在加拿大小麦种植面积大约有1 000万hm2,包括700万hm2的六倍体春小麦,200万hm2的硬粒小麦和100万hm2的冬小麦。六倍体小麦又根据不同的质量标准和多样化的食品分类、市场需要等划分成很多类。其中最主要的一类叫加西硬红类(CWRS),是加拿大最主要用于做面包的春小麦品种系列。历史上危害小麦的病害主要是由秆锈菌(Puccinia ***)引起的小麦秆锈病。在加拿大抗秆锈病的第一个重要品种是thatcher,从20世纪30年代到70年代早期广泛种植。然而thatcher对由叶锈菌(***)引起的叶锈病十分感病。多年来,随着含其他抗锈基因(主要是Sr2,Sr6,Sr7a,Sr9b,Lr13,Lr14a,Lr16,Lr34)品种的育成和推广,秆锈病得到了很好的控制,但叶锈病却由于***种群变化,导致例如Lr13和Lr16抗性基因的抗性丧失,仍然造成很大的损失。小麦条锈病主要由柄锈菌(***)引起的,长期以来,条锈病是阿尔伯塔南部灌溉区小麦生产上的主要病害,但是自2000年以来,小麦条锈病已经在加拿大中部草原区和安大略南部发现,并造成严重危害。加拿大小麦品种中,只有少数含有中抗水平的Yr18抗条锈基因,而大多数小麦品种对条锈病的抗性基础及抗病遗传尚不清楚。展望未来,锈病仍然是加拿大小麦的主要病害,如条锈病或者是具有高致病力的秆锈病小种,Ug-99可能会是加拿大小麦及谷物生产的新威胁,目前解决这些问题的最好策略是致力于长期的抗锈病遗传育种研究,包括聚合有效耐用的基因,对基因进行有效的部署和聚合抗性基因使遗传资源最大化等手段。将科研重点放在自然遗传抗病方面旨在使加拿大农民能够按对自然环境有利的方式来生产化学残余量最少的小麦,从而在国内和国际市场竞争中占据优势。

关键词：小麦秆锈病叶锈病条锈病

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Effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field on the Magnetopause From Global MHD Simulations

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空间科学学报 2012年第3期32卷 305-311页

作者： HUANG Zhaohui DING Kai WANG chi State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

the north-south component B_z of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field(IMF) and solar wind dynamic pressure P_d are generally treated as the two main factors in the solar wind that determine the geometry of the *** using the 3D global MHD simulations,we investigate the effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field(IEF) on the size and shape of magnetopause quantitatively. Our numerical experiments confirm that the geometry of the magnetopause are mainly determined by P_d and B_z,as ***,the dawn-dusk IEFs have great impact on the magnetopause erosion because of the magnetic reconnection,thus affecting the size and shape of the *** solar wind speed with the same B_z will lead to bigger dawn-dusk IEFs,which means the higher reconnection rate,and then results in more magnetic flux removal from the dayside. Consequently,the dayside magnetopause moves inward and flank magnetopause moves outward.

关键词：行星际电场磁层顶 MHD 模拟几何形状行星际磁场几何处理太阳风

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Molecular cytogenetic characterization of wheat-rye-thinopyrum elongatum trigeneric hybrids expressing superior Fusarium head blight,leaf rust and Ug99 resistance

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of wheat-rye-Thinopyr...

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江苏省遗传学会2016年学术年会

作者： Yi Dai Huiping Liu Jingjing tan dawn chi Wenguang Cao Yong Gao Allen Xue George Fedak Jianmin Chen

Fusarium head blight（FHB）,leaf rust and stem rust（Ug99） are the most destructive fungal diseases in wheat production.A diploid wheatgrass,thinopyrum elongatum（Host） ***（Lophopyrum elongatum（Host） á.L?ve,2 n = 2 x = 14,EE genome） is the excellent source of diseases *** this study,the new wheat-rye-thinopyrum elongatum trigeneric hybrids,derived from the crossing between a hexaploid 8801（AABBEE） and a hexaploid triticale t182（AABBRR） were identified and analyzed using genomic in situ hybridization（GISH） and molecular ***-based rye（Secale cereale L.） chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat（triticum aestivum L.） breeding ***,a total of 350 pair-end reads were randomly selected for designing *** hundred and fifty-three of the 350 pairs of primers amplified specific bands from DA lines（DA1R-DA7R） of Imperial rye in chinese Spring background,but not from chinese Spring and *** the 253 markers,22,21,28,28,24,20 and 33 markers were definitely located on chromosomes 1 R,2 R,3 R,4 R,5 R,6 R,7 R,***-five rye chromosome-specific markers developed in this study and twenty-one *** chromosome-specific markers were used to identify the alien chromosome or segment of rye and *** chromosomes in the trigeneric hybrids *** combination with the GISH results,it was found that the derived lines RE24-1,RE26-1,RE26-2 and RE33-3 contained all the rye chromosomes but no *** chromosomes and therefore the chromosome composition was 2 n=AABBRR=*** line RE36-1 contained 12 rye chromosomes except for chromosome 2 R and therefore the chromosome composition was 2 n=AABBRR（-2 R） = *** lines RE33-2 and RE62-1,the bands of all seven rye chromosomes were amplified,plus specific bands for chromosomes 1 E and 5 E,therefore the chromosomes compositions of these lines were 2 n=2 n=AABBRR=42 with a translocation between R and E genome chromosomes

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Fabrication method of ultra-small gradient-index fiber probe

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Advances in Manufacturing 2014年第4期2卷 327-332页

作者： chi Wang Fang Zhang Shu-Bo Bi Xue-Qin Xia ting-ting Xu Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering Shanghai University

Fabrication method and device of ultra-small gradient-index （GRIN） fiber probe were investigated in order to explore the development of ultra-small probes for optical coherence tomography （OCt） imaging. the beam- expanding effect of no-core fiber （NCF） and the focusing properties of the GRIN fiber lens were analyzed based on the model of GRIN fiber probe consisting of single-mode fiber （SMF）, NCF and GRIN fiber lens. A stereo micro- scope based system was developed to fabricate the GRIN fiber probe. A fiber fusion splicer and an ultrasonic cleaver were used to weld and cut the fiber respectively. A con- focal microscopy was used to measure the dimensions of probe components. the results show that the sizes of probe components developed are at the level of millimeter. therefore, the proposed experimental system meets the fabrication requirements of an ultra-small self-focusing GRIN fiber probe. this shows that this fabrication device and method can be employed in the fabrication of ultra- small self-focusing GRIN fiber probe and applied in the study of miniaturized optical probes and OCt systems.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography (OCt) Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber probe GRIN fiber lens No-core fiber (NCF)

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Excellent Compatibilization Effect of a Dual Reactive Compatibilizer on the Immiscible MVQ/PP Blends

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第7期41卷 1133-1141页

作者： Han-Bin Wang Hong-chi tian Shi-Jia Zhang Bing Yu Nan-Ying Ning Ming tian Li-Qun Zhang Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Shandong dawn Polymer Material Co. Ltd.Longkou265700China

Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ)/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizate (tPV) combines the good melt processability, recyclability and sealing performance as well as biosafety, stain and fluid resistance, and thus it is especially suitable in bio-safety areas and wearable electronic devices, etc. Nevertheless, the compatibility between MVQ and PP phases is poor. A big challenge on the compatibilization of MVQ/PP blends is that neither MVQ nor PP contains any reactive groups. In this study, a dual reactive compatibilizer composed of ethylenemethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-co-GMA) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was designed for the compatibilization of MVQ/PP blends. During melt blending, a copolymer compatibilizer at the MVQ/PP interface can be formed because of the in situ reaction between EMA-co-GMA and PP-g-MAH. the thermodynamic predict of its compatibilization effect through calculating the spreading coefficient of the in situ formed copolymer indicates that it can well compatibilize MVQ/PP blends. the experimental results show that under the GMA/MAH molar ratio of 0.5/1, the interface thickness largely increase from 102 nm for non-compatibilized blend to 406 nm, and the average size of MVQ dispersed phase largely decreases from 2.3 µm to 0.36 µm, the tg of the two phases shifts toward each other, the mixing torque and mechanical properties of the blend are increased, all indicating its good compatibilization effect. this study provides a good compatibilizing method for immiscible MVQ/PP blends with no reactive groups in both components for the preparation of high performance MVQ/PP tPVs.

关键词： Methyl vinyl silicone rubber(MVQ) Polypropylene(PP) Immiscible polymer blends Reactive compatibilization

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空间科学突破的前瞻和中国的贡献

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中国科学院院刊 2022年第8期37卷 1050-1065页

作者：王赤中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190

空间科学是依托航天器平台研究宏观和微观世界的前沿交叉学科,自20世纪60年代以来在基础科学前沿催生了诸多诺贝尔奖级的重大发现和原创科学成果,突破了人类对自然世界的认知边界,不断拓展人类知识图谱。进入21世纪,在新一轮科技革命孕... 详细信息

空间科学是依托航天器平台研究宏观和微观世界的前沿交叉学科,自20世纪60年代以来在基础科学前沿催生了诸多诺贝尔奖级的重大发现和原创科学成果,突破了人类对自然世界的认知边界,不断拓展人类知识图谱。进入21世纪,在新一轮科技革命孕育爆发之际,空间科学也进入了革命性突破的新时代。文章回顾了近10年来国际空间科学重大进展,结合世界空间科学前沿发展态势及主要航天国家和地区空间科学任务的未来规划布局,对未来10—15年空间科学的可能突破领域进行了研判和分析,指出基于重大科学目标的系列空间科学任务,极端条件下的物理规律、中低频引力波、宇宙黑暗时代和黎明时代、太阳活动爆发机制、日地系统多圈层耦合、太阳系地外生命指征、系外行星探寻等学科前沿有望取得重大科学进展。我国正在加快建设航天强国和科技强国,空间科学领域正在奋起直追,围绕极端宇宙、时空涟漪、日地全景和宜居行星等科学主题开展前沿探索,有望在这一轮探索宇宙奥秘的世界竞技舞台上取得优异成绩,贡献中国智慧、作出中国贡献。

关键词：空间科学科技强国宇宙演化日地关系太阳系探索生命起源

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Plasma transport between the ionosphere and plasmasphere in response to solar wind dynamic pressure pulsation

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chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第18期58卷 4126-4132页

作者： ZHANG QingMei WANG chi LI Hui LI ChuanQi College of Math and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research College of Electronic Engineering Guangxi Normal University

the plasma transport between the plasmasphere and the ionosphere in response to the interplanetary conditions is still not fully understood until *** observations of the plasmasphere and ionosphere from the newly developed chinese Meridian Project provide a new opportunity for understanding the characteristic of the plasma transport and the coupling mechanism between these two *** investigate the response of the plasmasphere(L≈2)and ionosphere to the solar wind dynamic pressure pulse during geomagnetically quiet period of 21–27 March *** response of the plasmasphere shows a significant *** plasmaspheric density nearly decreases by half in response to the solar wind dynamic pressure pulse,and subsequently recovers to the original level in 1–2 ***,the maximum electron density of the ionospheric F2 layer(NmF2)and the total electron content(tEC)increase by 13%and 21%,respectively,and then gradually recover,which is opposite to the behavior during magnetic *** analysis shows that the plasmaspheric depletion may be mainly caused by the southward interplanetary magnetic field and changing dawn-dusk electric *** plasmaspheric density variations seem to be controlled by both the IMF and ionospheric conditions.

关键词：等离子体层等离子体输运电离层太阳风脉冲动压国际货币基金组织行星际磁场

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Confidence Intervals for Assessing Sizes of Social Network Centralities

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Social Networking 2018年第4期7卷 220-242页

作者： dawn Iacobucci Rebecca McBride Deidre L. Popovich Maria Rouziou Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Finance and Administration Development Deloitte New York NY USA texas tech University Lubbock TX USA

this research uses random networks as benchmarks for inferential tests of network structures. Specifically, we develop formulas for expected values and confidence intervals for four frequently employed social network centrality indices. the first study begins with analyses of stylized networks, which are then perturbed with increasing levels of random noise. When the indices achieve their values for fully random networks, the indices reveal systematic relationships that generalize across network forms. the second study then delves into the relationships between numbers of actors in a network and the density of a network for each of the centrality indices. In doing so, expected values are easily calculated, which in turn enable chi-square tests of network structure. Furthermore, confidence intervals are developed to facilitate a network analyst’s understanding as to which patterns in the data are merely random, versus which are structurally significantly distinct.

关键词： Centrality Degree Closeness Betweenness Eigenvector Centrality Social Networks

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