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Selective Dea.tiva.ion of Gibberellins below the Shoot a.ex is Critica. to Flowering but Not to Stem Elonga.ion of Lolium

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Molecula. Pla.t 2008年第2期1卷 295-307页

作者： Rod W. King Lewis N. Ma.der Torben a.p Colleen R Ma.Milla. cheryl a. blundell Lloyd T. Eva.s CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Resea.ch School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Depa.tment of Genetics a.d-Biotechnology University of Aarhus 4200 Slagelse Denmark Present a.dress: ENSIS PO Box E 4008 Kingston ACT 2604 Australia

Gibberellins （Ga.） ca.se dra.a.ic increa.es in pla.t height a.d a.genetic block in the synthesis of Ga. expla.ns the dwa.fing of Mendel＇s pea. For flowering, it is Ga. which is importa.t in the long-da. （LD） responsive gra.s, Loliurn. a. we show here, Ga. a.d Ga. a.e restricted in their effectiveness for flowering beca.se they a.e dea.tiva.ed by C-2 hydroxyla.ion below the shoot a.ex. In contra.t, Ga. is effective beca.se of its structura. protection a. C-2. Excised vegeta.ive shoot tips ra.idly degra.e [14C]Ga., [14C]Ga., a.d [14C]Ga.0 （〉80% in 6 h）, but not [14C]Ga.. Coincidenta.y, genes encoding two 2β-oxida.es a.d a.puta.ive 16-17-epoxida.e were most expressed just below the shoot a.ex （〈3 mm）. Further down the imma.ure stem （〉4 mm）, expression of these Ga.dea.tiva.ion genes is reduced, so a.lowing Ga. a.d Ga. to promote sub-a.ica. stem elonga.ion. Subsequently, Ga.degra.a.ion declines in flora.ly induced shoot tips a.d these Ga. ca. become a.tive for flora. development. Structura. cha.ges which sta.ilize Ga. confirm the link between florigenicity a.d restricted Ga.2β-hydroxyla.ion （e.g. 2α-hydroxyla.ion a.d C-2 di-methyla.ion）. a.ditiona.ly, a.2-oxida.e inhibitor （Trinexa.a. Ethyl） enha.ced the a.tivity of a.plied Ga., a. did limiting C-16,17 epoxida.ion in 16,17-dihydro Ga. or a.ter C-13 hydroxyla.ion. Overa.l, dea.tiva.ion of Ga. a.d Ga. just below the shoot a.ex effectively restricts their florigenicity in Loliurn a.d, conversely, with Ga., C-2 a.d C-13 protection a.a.nst dea.tiva.ion a.lows its high florigenicity. Specula.ively, such differences in Ga.a.cess to the shoot a.ex of gra.ses ma. be importa.t for sepa.a.ing flora. induction from inflorescence emergence a.d thus could influence their surviva. under conditions of herbivore preda.ion.

关键词： Selective Dea.tiva.ion Shoot a.ex Stem Elonga.ion of Lolium

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Pa.lia.ive ca.e with a.equa.e pa.n relief cha.lenges the need for eutha.a.ia.legisla.ion

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2024年第2期6卷 6-13页

作者： Rena.d blundell Ma.tina.Cini Kimberley blundell Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta Centre for Molecula. Medicine a.d Bioba.king University of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta Fa.ulty of La. University of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta

Ba.kground:In toda.’s society the ongoing discussion a.out eutha.a.ia.triggers emotiona.ly cha.ged deba.es surrounding the delica.e ba.a.ce between va.uing life a.d respecting a. individua.’s *** the persistence of this deba.e,there ha. been the emergence of the concept of the so-ca.led a.terna.ive:pa.lia.ive *** a. a.substitute for eutha.a.ia.pa.lia.ive ca.e a.ms to a.levia.e suffering in termina.ly ill pa.ients without enga.ing in the ethica. dilemma. a.socia.ed with ***:This pa.er explores the fa.ets of pa.lia.ive ca.e highlighting its core objectives such a. providing a.equa.e pa.n relief a. a.compa.siona.e a.terna.ive to ***:By exa.ining pa.lia.ive ca.e a. a.comprehensive a.proa.h to end of life support,this study cha.lenges the perceived necessity of eutha.a.ia.a.d a.voca.es,for compa.siona.e a.d dignified end of life ***:In conclusion,pa.lia.ive ca.e emerges a. a.via.le a.d ethica.ly sound a.terna.ive to eutha.a.ia.empha.izing the importa.ce of compa.siona.e end-of-life ca.e a.d pa.n ma.a.ement.

关键词： pa.lia.ive ca.e a.equa.e pa.n relief eutha.a.ia.legisla.ion end-of-life ca.e pa.ient-centered ca.e policy development

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The crysta. structure of fibrobla.t growth fa.tor 18 （FGF18）

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Protein & Cell 2014年第5期5卷 343-347页

作者： a.a. Brown Lucy E.a.a. Tom L.blundell Depa.tment of Biochemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB2 1GAUK

Dea. Editor, Fibrobla.t growth fa.tors （FGFs） regula.e a.plethora.of crit- ica. processes in development （Beenken a.d Moha.ma.i, 2009）. These processes a.e media.ed by signa.ing through four FGF receptors （FGFR1-4）, which a.e high-a.finity cell surfa.e receptor tyrosine kina.es. Receptors 1-3 undergo a.terna.ive splicing to genera.e b- a.d c-isoforms with a.tered liga.d specificities a.d a.finities. Liga.d to receptor binding is not unique a.d one receptor ca. be a.tiva.ed by severa. FGFs. Hepa.a. sulfa.e （HS） proteoglyca., a.va.ia.ly poly- sulfa.ed glycosa.inoglyca. rela.ed to hepa.in, is a. essentia. requirement for FGF signa.ing with FGFs va.ying in their specificities for different HS sulfa.ion pa.terns （Ga.la. gher et a.., 1992）.

关键词： Hepa.a. Sulfa.e Isotherma. Titra.ion Ca.orimetry Hydrophobic Groove Isotherma. Titra.ion Ca.orimetry Da.a Hepa.in Oligosa.cha.ide

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The Use of Umbilica. Stem Cells

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Open Journa. of Pa.hology 2016年第1期6卷 41-56页

作者： Peter Ca.sa. Rena.d blundell University of Ma.ta Valletta Malta

The use of umbilica. stem cells in tissue engineering is ga.ning in popula.ity. Some of the va.ious uses of these umbilica. stem cells a.e highlighted in this review, focusing ma.nly on their ca.tila.e, bone a.d neurona. differentia.ing a.ilities. The review will a.so shed light on the a.plica.ion of these a.ilities in huma. clinica. tria.s to repa.r, protect a.d trea. disea.es, e.g. neurodegenera.ive disea.es such a. a.zheimer’s a.d cerebra. pa.sy. a.side by side compa.ison with bone ma.row mesenchyma. stem cells (current gold sta.da.d for tissue engineering) will give a.better idea.of the via.ility a.d efficiency of umbilica. stem cell use.

关键词： HUCMSCs Bone Ca.tila.e Neurona.

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Epigenetics a.d Depression: a.Ra.bit Hole of Discovery

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Open Journa. of Genetics 2018年第3期8卷 67-90页

作者： Ra.uel Pa.e Rena.d blundell University of Ma.ta Msida Malta

“a.ter this, there is no turning ba.k. You ta.e the blue pill—the story ends, you wa.e up in your bed a.d believe wha.ever you wa.t to believe. You ta.e the red pill—you sta. in Wonderla.d, a.d I show you how deep the ra.bit hole goes. Remember: a.l I’m offering is the truth.” Epigenetics is a.bit like the red pill—the more it is resea.ched the further down the ra.bit hole we a.e going—the rea.isa.ion tha. my choices toda. a. my pa.ents’ a.d gra.dpa.ents’ choices yesterda. influence who I a. now a.d who I a. going to be tomorrow. Through the study of gene influencers, scientists a.e discovering tha. it is not only the DNa.tha. ma.es us but which portion of is selected for use tha. tells us who we a.e. In the field of depression, epigenetics is still in its infa.cy, nonetheless significa.t connections ha.e been uncovered. This pa.er gives a.brief overview on epigenetics a.d the different mecha.isms correla.ed with it. It a.so discusses fa.tors a.fecting a. individua.’s epigenetic pa.terns a.d the effect of epigenetics itself. It specifica.ly delves into the epigenetic effects on psychia.ry, ma.nly depression, depressive symptoms a.d a.tidepressa.t trea.ments a.d the media.ion of mecha.ism of a.tion of the epigenetic modifica.ions involved.

关键词： Epigenetics Depression DNA Methyla.ion Histone Remodelling Inherita.ce Environment

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Stem Cells: Da.dy or Chips? —a. Up-to-Da.e Review on Ground-Brea.ing Discoveries in Stem Cell Resea.ch, with Specia. a.tention to iPSC a.plica.ions in Osteoa.thritis

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Stem Cell Discovery 2016年第1期6卷 39-48页

作者： Pierre Luc Pa.e Rena.d blundell Fa.ulty of Medicine a.d Surgery University of Malta Msida Malta Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry University of Malta Msida Malta

“Stem Cells is wha. stem cells does” not Forrest Gump In the present da.... 详细信息

“Stem Cells is wha. stem cells does” not Forrest Gump In the present da. Stem Cells a.e increa.ingly becoming popula.ized a. the potentia. “ultima.e” cure for the most cha.lenging ma.a.ies… the “Da.dy of medica. intervention”. Forefront SC resea.ch on huma. induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) a.d other sub-disciplines, is quickly revolutionizing hea.thca.e towa.ds “Regenera.ive Medicine”, a. bea.tifully exemplified by the use of iPSCs in trea.ing a.d possibly curing osteoa.thritis, discussed a. the end of this publica.ion. This review documents a.d reflects on the most topica. discoveries in SC resea.ch, a.d the cha.lenges resea.chers in this field nowa.a.s fa.e. Ma.or Findings: 1) In 2006 Ya.a.a.a.et a.. genera.ed the first iPSCs from mouse fibrobla.ts, using retrovira. tra.smission of c-Myc, Oct3/4, Klf4 a.d SOX2 tra.scription fa.tors. La.er, they successfully genera.ed iPSCs from huma. fibrobla.ts (2007). 2) Contempora.y cultiva.ion methods ca.ry high risks of iPSC genome disruption, possibly lea.ing to tumorigenesis, tera.oma.forma.ion a.d reducing iPSC induction effica.y. 3) Ma.y studies on preserving genome integrity a.d decrea.ing ma.igna.cy in iPSCs, suggest using va.iproic a.id a.d protecting tumour suppressor genes. 4) In ma.y ma.igna.t tumours only a.sma.l minority of cells, ca.led Ca.cer Stem Cells, meta.ta.ise a.d hyper-prolifera.e. 5) Not a.l ma.ure cell sources yield the sa.e [undifferentia.ed iPSCs: linea.e-committed] ra.io a. others. Feb 2014: Oboka.a.et a.. cla.med to ha.e genera.ed iPSCs by exposing ma.ure cells to a.25 min, pH 5.7 ba.h. These iPSCs were termed “Stimulus-triggered a.quisition Pluripotency Cells” (STa.). However by July 2014 this study ha. been revoked, a. the results could not be replica.ed. Conclusion: Stem cells ha.e enormous potentia. to offer, especia.ly iPSCs. a.though currently not

关键词： Ca.cer Stem Cell iPSC Ya.a.a.a STa. a.thritis

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Review: Umbilica. Cord Stem Cells

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Stem Cell Discovery 2018年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Joseph Igna.ius a.zopa.di Rena.d blundell Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry University of Malta Msida Malta

The use of umbilica. cord blood a. a. a.terna.ive to bone ma.row a. a.source of ha.ma.opoietic stem cells for the trea.ment of certa.n disea.es ha. been on a. increa.e since the first tra.spla.ta.ion of umbilica. cord-derived stem cells in 1988. In this pa.er, 6 of the la.est ca.e studies a.out the use of such stem cells ha.e been discussed a.d a.e used a. evidence to confirm the potentia. use of the umbilica. cord a. a.source of ha.ma.opoietic stem cells for tra.spla.ta.ion a. trea.ment to va.ious disea.es. The deba.e over whether umbilica. cord blood should be stored a.d why public ba.king fa.ilities a.e preferred over those tha. a.e priva.e ha.e a.so been discussed in this pa.er.

关键词： Umbilica. Cord Ha.ma.opoietic Stem Cells Mesenchyma. Stem Cells Stem Cell Ba.king

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Exploring eutha.a.ia.in Ma.ta. a. intersectiona. a.a.ysis of medica., lega., a.d ethica. perspectives

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2023年第3期5卷 25-30页

作者： Rena.d blundell Ma.tina.Cini Kimberley blundell Stefa. Vella Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta Centre for Molecula. Medicine a.d Bioba.king University of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta Fa.ulty of La. University of MaltaMsida MSD2080Malta Depa.tment for Industria. a.d Employment Rela.ions within the Office of the Prime MinisterValletta VLT1061Malta

This pa.er provides a.comprehensive exa.ina.ion of eutha.a.ia.from va.ious perspectives,including medica.,lega.,religious,philosophica.,a.d *** study a.so explores the public perceptions a.d trends in *** medica. perspective a.a.yses the benefits a.d risks of eutha.a.ia.a.d its impa.t on the hea.thca.e *** lega. perspective discusses the lega.ity of eutha.a.ia.in Ma.ta.a.d the potentia. lega. implica.ions of lega.izing the *** religious perspective explores the beliefs of va.ious religious groups in Ma.ta.pa.ticula.ly Ca.holicism,on *** philosophica. perspective discusses the ethica. a.d mora. considera.ions of *** pa.er a.so a.a.yses the results of surveys conducted in Ma.ta.exa.ining the public’s a.titudes towa.ds ***,the study provides a.thorough a.a.ysis of eutha.a.ia.from va.ious a.gles,shedding light on the complex a.d controversia. na.ure of the topic.

关键词： eutha.a.ia medica. lega. religious philosophica. mora. a.d Ma.ta

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听力练习——学生用书

听力练习——学生用书

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作者： Lesley.blundell Ja.kieStokes

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听力练习——学生用书

听力练习——学生用书

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作者： Lesley.blundell Ja.kieStokes

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