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High Field MRI in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)

Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第3期7卷 190-198页

作者： cherif mohamadou aidara Caroline Magne Philomene Kouna Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar-Fann Sénégal Internal Medecine Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping thickness is a forest and rural disease;where agriculture is the main activity. It is a chronic and lethal disease without treatment. HAT is caused by two parasites;Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense (gTB) and Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense (rTB) transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly. It is endemic condition in Africa between the 15° north latitude and the 20° south latitude. It is reported outside this area in travelers who stayed in endemic zone. Infection by gTB is wider and more frequent (98%) than that by rTB (2%). The Democratic Republic of Congo is the most affected country with more than 75% of reported cases. The geographical distribution is not homogeneous. There are more affected regions in a zone called “foci” which represents areas favorable to the development of the vector. Its diagnosis and treatment are very important because of its social and economic impact at both the individual and community levels. Promising molecules including fexinidazole are currently undergoing testing. Nowadays populations move more and more easily but the discovery of this disease in daily neuroradiological practice is exceptional. We propose in this paper through two observations, reminders on epidemiological, clinical and MRI features of HAT. It typically performs the edematous, bilateral and diffuse encephalitis. It is important to distinguish these aspects from the arsenic-induced encephalitis that may occur during treatment. Only vector control allows eradicating this disease. WHO has set targets elimination of HAT as a public health problem for 2020 deadline.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis High Field MRI Diffuse Encephalitis Optic Tract Arsenic-Induced Encephalitis

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MRI Signal Abnormalities of the Optic Tracts, a Marker of Meningoencephalitis Caused by Trypanosoma Gambiense (TG)—A Delayed Patho-Radlological Correlation

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： cherif mohamadou aidara Caroline Magne Nfally Badji Lera Geraud Akpo Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Hamidou Deme Philomène Kouna Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba Elhadj Niang Radiology Office of “De la Paix University Hospital” Ziguinchor Senegal Internal Medicine Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiology Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Parasitic meningoencephalitis presents several etiologies which sometimes depend on their geographical location. They require thorough blood and cerebrospinal fluid check-up for directing an efficient treatment. Clinicians and radiologists are constantly looking for specific signs that could point to a particular etiology. The meningoencephalitis caused by Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TG) is a rare disease characterized by a slow progression, over years sometimes. Its non-specific presentation either clinically or in imaging can lead to misdiagnosis and thus, delay the treatment. However, involvement of the optic tracts seems to be characteristic of this condition, on old data from animal experimentation and recent high-field MRI data. MRI is the best current technique to explore the brain, cranial nerves, and visual pathways. In this article, we are going to present two observations of meningoencephalitis caused by HAT and then discuss some specific aspects of this neglected and re-emerging disease.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense Diffuse Meningo-Encephalitis Optic Tract Evolvement

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CT Scans and Delays in Diagnosis of Stroke in Senegal’s Regional Hospitals: A Multicenter Study of 655 Cases

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2020年第2期10卷 96-104页

作者： Hamidou Deme Nfally Badji Léra Géraud Akpo Oumou Dieng Abdoulaye Dione Diop Fallou Galass Niang Mouhamadou Hamine Toure Ibrahima Faye Malick Diouf Aicha Ndichout Marie Mbengue cherif mohamadou aidara Mamadou Ly Ousmane Sano Ndiaga Matar Gaye Ousmane Cissé Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Aissata Ly Ba Sokhna Ba Diop El Hadj Niang Radiology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Department of the CHNU de Fann in Dakar Dakar Senegal Neurology Department of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Department of the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital of Fann in Dakar Dakar Senegal

Stroke represents the 2nd cause of mortality and 1st cause of physical disability in the adult population. In Senegal, it represents 30% of hospitalization and 2/3 of the mortality in the department of neurology in the capital city, Dakar. Objective: To specify the types of stroke and to evaluate diagnostic delays in Senegal’s regional hospitals. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, multicentric study for 4 years (from 2014 to 2017) including any patient presenting a clinical suspicion with a CT scan confirmation of stroke in one of the 9 regional hospitals in Senegal with a recruitment period of 6 months per hospital. CT scans were performed with a 16 slices machine in 6 hospitals, 4 slices in 2 hospitals and 2 slices in 1 hospital. We studied the types and location of strokes, the associated signs and the time from stroke onset to admission and the time from admission to CT scan. Results: 655 patients were retained including 322 men and 333 women for an M/F ratio of 0.96. The average age was 63 years (range: 7 years, 112 years). High blood pressure was noted in 59.2% of patients and diabetes in 10.7% of patients. Strokes were ischemic in 76% of cases involving the middle cerebral artery in 73% of cases and hemorrhagic in 24%, of which 80.7% were deep localized. A mass effect was noted in 7.5% of cases, an engagement in 6.9% of cases and ventricular hemorrhage in 2.7% of cases. The delay between the onset of the deficit and admission was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients. The time between the onset of stroke and admission to hospital was specified in 416 patients (63.5%) of the study population, it was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients, between 6 hours and 24 hours for 29.3% and more than 24 hours for 60.1%. Between admission and the CT scan, the time was precise in 459 patients (70%), it was less than 6 hours in 37.9%, between 6 hours and 24 hours in 43.6 % and more than

关键词： Stroke CT Scans Diagnostic Delays

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Study of the Impact of Grid Disconnections on the Production of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: Case of Diamniadio Power Plant

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 16-25页

作者： Amadou Ndiaye Mohamed cherif aidara Amy Mbaye Mamadou Lamine Ndiaye Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procédés Industriels (L3EPI) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.

关键词： Photovoltaic Power Plant Disconnections Network Evaluation Lost En-ergy

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High-Field MRI Contribution in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS). Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第3期8卷 141-149页

作者： Chérif mohamadou aidara Philomène Kouna Jennifer Nyangui Mapaga Nfally Badji Hamidou Deme Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba El Hadj Niang Radiology Department Fann University Hospital Dakar Sénégal Neurology Department El Rapha Polyclinic Trois Quartiers BP 256 Libreville Gabon

Background: Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology of the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure. Because of the difficulty in establishing histological evidence, his diagnosis is based on a set of arguments established by the International Headache Society. MRI allows indirect visualization of the granuloma and plays a key role in diagnosis and follow-up. Aim: To illustrate High-field MRI contribution in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS). Cases Presentation: Two patients, a 25-year-old female and a 40-year-old male were recruited in this retrospective case report study at the Radiology service of Fann University Hospital (Dakar Senegal). The first patient has been suffering from a right retro-orbital pain and diplopia for 2 months and the second from a painful oculomotor nerve palsy for 3 months. Blood tests, lumbar puncture, thyroid hormone levels and an infectious screen were done. Screening for converting enzymes, and serum antibodies were also done. They underwent a high field MRI (Siemens 1.5T) with T1, T2, FLAIR, T2*, diffusion B1000, TOF polygon, CISS 3D and T1 gadolinium sequences in the 3 planes space. No significant abnormality was detected in blood tests or CSF analysis. Screening for converting enzymes and serum antibodies screen were also negative. For each patient, MRI examinations showed a non tumoral thickening of the right cavernous sinus, suggesting a granulomatous involvement. Tolosa Hunt Syndrome was evoked firstly. They were put on corticotherapy at high doses with a spectacular regression of symptoms. The Criteria of the International Headache Society of THS were met in both patients. Conclusion: High-field MRI is a significant diagnostic tool in the assessment of painful ophthalmoplegia. It allows a direct visualization of the granuloma of the cavernous sinus and assesses its course throughout the disease.

关键词： Painful Ophthalmoplegia Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Criterias of International Headache Society High-Field MRI

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