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A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator designed for scavenging biomechanical.energy in human balance control

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4227-4235页

作者： long liu Qiongfeng Shi chengkuo l.e Department of electrical and Computer engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MeMS National University of SingaporeBlock E6#05-115 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and engineering Programme(ISeP) National University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore

For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HeTNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical.energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HeTNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (eMGs). Besides, two spatial.electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TeNG). With a rectification circuit, the HeTNG presents a high output power with a peak val.e of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HeTNG can harvest biomechanical.energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HeTNG appl.ed in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the el.er that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HeTNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical.energy-driven HeTNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.

关键词： hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator human balance control internet of things artificial limb

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Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Hybridized Systems for enabling Next-Generation IoT Applications

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 392-421页

作者： Qiongfeng Shi Zhongda Sun Zixuan Zhang chengkuo l.e Department of electrical&Computer engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3SingaporeSingapore 117583 Center for Intelligent Sensors and MeMS National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3SingaporeSingapore 117583 Smart Systems Institute National University of Singapore3 Research LinkSingaporeSingapore 117602 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore 117456

In the past few years,triboelectric nanogenerator-based(TeNG-based)hybrid generators and systems have experienced a widespread and flourishing development,ranging among almost every aspect of our lives,e.g.,from industry to consumer,outdoor to indoor,and wearable to implantable *** TeNG technology has been extensively investigated for mechanical.energy harvesting,most developed TeNGs still have limitations of small output current,unstable power generation,and low energy utilization rate of multisource *** harvest the ubiquitous/coexisted energy forms including mechanical,thermal,and solar energy simultaneously,a promising direction is to integrate TeNG with other transducing mechanisms,e.g.,electromagnetic generator,piezoelectric nanogenerator,pyroelectric nanogenerator,thermoelectric generator,and solar cell,forming the hybrid generator for synergetic single-source and multisource energy *** resultant TeNG-based hybrid generators utilizing integrated transducing mechanisms are able to compensate for the shortcomings of each mechanism and overcome the above limitations,toward achieving a maximum,reliable,and stable output ***,in this review,we systematically introduce the key technologies of the TeNG-based hybrid generators and hybridized systems,in the aspects of operation principles,structure designs,optimization strategies,power management,and system *** recent progress of TeNG-based hybrid generators and hybridized systems for the outdoor,indoor,wearable,and implantable applications is also ***,we discuss our perspectives on the future development trend of hybrid generators and hybridized systems in environmental monitoring,human activity sensation,human-machine interaction,smart home,healthcare,wearables,implants,robotics,Internet of things(IoT),and many other fields.

关键词： IoT generator harvesting

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit lal.eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua e.-Y.l.e chengkuo l.e Department of electrical and Computer engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMeMS laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of electrical and Data engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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A Wearable Multidimensional Motion Sensor for AI-enhanced VR Sports

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Research 2023年第3期2023卷 105-115页

作者： Zi Hao Guo ZiXuan Zhang Kang An Tianyiyi He Zhongda Sun Xiong Pu chengkuo l.e Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400People's Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100049People's Republic of China Department of electrical and Computer engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore School of Mechanical and Materials engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144People's Republic of China

Regular exercise paves the way to a healthy ***,conventional sports events are susceptible to weather *** motion sensors for home-based sports are mainly limited by operation power consumption,single-direction sensitivity,or inferior data ***,by leveraging the 3-dimensional printing technique and triboelectric effect,a wearable self-powered multidimensional motion sensor has been developed to detect both the vertical and planar movement *** integrating with a belt,this sensor could be used to identify some low degree of freedom motions,e.g.,waist or gait motion,with a high accuracy of 93.8%.Furthermore,when wearing the sensor at the ankle position,signals generated from shank motions that contain more abundant information could also be effectively *** means of a deep learning algorithm,the kicking direction and force could be precisely differentiated with an accuracy of 97.5%.Toward practical application,a virtual reality-enabled fitness game and a shooting game were successfully *** work is bel.eved to open up new insights for the development of future household sports or rehabilitation.

关键词： integrating printing Regular

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Silicon photonic platforms for mid-infrared applications [Invited]

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Photonics Research 2017年第5期5卷 417-430页

作者： TING HU BOWeI DONG XIANSHU lUO TSUNG-YANG lIOW JUNFeNG SONG chengkuo l.e GUO-QIANG lO Institute of Microelectronics Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Department of electrical & Computer engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3

Silicon photonic integrated circuits for telecommunication and data centers have been well studied in the past decade, and now most related efforts have been progressing toward commercialization. Scaling up the silicon-oninsulator(SOI)-based device dimensions in order to extend the operation wavelength to the short mid-infrared(MIR) range(2–4 μm) is attracting research interest, owing to the host of potential applications in lab-on-chip sensors, free space communications, and much more. Other material systems and technology platforms, including silicon-on-silicon nitride, germanium-on-silicon, germanium-on-SOI, germanium-on-silicon nitride, sapphireon-silicon, Si Ge alloy-on-silicon, and aluminum nitride-on-insulator are explored as well in order to realize low-loss waveguide devices for different MIR wavelengths. In this paper, we will comprehensively review silicon photonics for MIR applications, with regard to the state-of-the-art achievements from various device demonstrations in different material platforms by various groups. We will then introduce in detail of our institute's research and development efforts on the MIR photonic platforms as one case study. Meanwhile, we will discuss the integration schemes along with remaining chal.enges in devices(e.g., light source) and integration. A few application-oriented examples will be examined to illustrate the issues needing a critical solution toward the final production path(e.g., gas sensors). Finally, we will provide our assessment of the outlook of potential futureresearch topics and engineering chal.enges along with opportunities.

关键词： SOI Invited Silicon photonic platforms for mid-infrared applications MIR

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Optimization of Pul.e laser Annealing to Increase Sharpness of Implanted-junction Rectifier in Semiconductor Heterostructure

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Nano-Micro letters 2010年第4期2卷 256-267页

作者： e.l.Pankratov Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil.engineering

It has been recently shown that inhomogeneity of a semiconductor heterostructure leads to increasing of sharpness of diffusion-junction and implanted-junction rectifiers,which are formed in the semiconductor *** has been also shown that together with increasing of the sharpness,homogeneity of impurity distribution in doped area *** both effect could be increased by formation of an inhomogeneous distribution of temperature(for example,by laser annealing).Some conditions on correlation between inhomogeneities of the semiconductor heterostructure and temperature distribution have been *** time has been optimized for pul.e laser annealing.

关键词： Pul.e laser Implanted-juction rectifier Heterostructure

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Making use of water droplets as a sustainable green energy source

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Droplet 2022年第1期1卷 7-10页

作者： Yanqin Yang chengkuo l.e Department of electrical and Computer engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MeMS(CISM) National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

In 2012,the first triboelectric nanogenerator(TeNG)was invented to convert mechanical.energy into electricity via the coupling effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.1 Since then,extensive efforts have been devoted into increasing the output power density of these energy harvesters,and the milestones have been summarized in Figure 1a with a maximum power density of 10MW/m2.2 Among the exciting achievements in TeNG field,the liquid–solidbased TeNGs(l–S TeNG)are paving their ways for harvesting water energy from oceans,raindrops.

关键词： energy Figure devoted

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Fish embryo and juvenile size under hypoxia in the mouth- brooding African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 401-412页

作者： e.e. ReARDON l.J. CHAPMAN Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal Quebec H3A 1B 1 Canada Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

We used a field survey and a laboratory rearing experiment to （a） examine response （size and survival） to life-long hypoxia in offspring of the African maternal mouth-brooding cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae （Seegers） and （b） explore the degree to which developmental response can be environmentaUy-induced. embryo size metrics were quantified in 9 field populations across a range of dissol.ed oxygen （DO） concentrations. In the laboratory, first generation （F1） broods of low-DO origin were reared under high or low DO. Brooding period was quantified for the mothers; and egg size, egg metabolic rate and juvenile size-at-release were quantified in their （F2） offspring. The F2 offspring were split and grown for 3 months post-release under high or low DO, and juvenile size and survival were quantified. In the field survey, across stages, embryos from low-DO field populations were shorter and weighed less than embryos from high-DO populations. In the laboratory experi- ment, F2 eggs and juveniles-at-release from mother＇s mouth did not differ in mass, length, survival regardless of development DO environment. However, juveniles diverged in size after leaving mother＇s mouth, exhibiting smal.er size when grown under low DO. Size differences in embryo size across field populations and divergence in embryo size after release from the mother＇s mouth support predictions for smal.er body size under hypoxia. There was no evidence for negative effects on survival of juveniles after 3 months. Brooding period was 16% shorter in females reared under low DO suggesting that hypoxia may accelerate embryo de- velopment. This work provides insights into how bearer fishes respond to hypoxic stress relative to fishes with no post-spawning parental care; a shorter brooding interval and smal.er body size may provide an optimal solution to parent and embryo survival under hypoxia in brooding fishes [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 401-412, 2012].

关键词： African cichlid lake Victoria life-history Parental care Dissol.ed oxygen

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Faddeev calculations on lambda hypertriton with potentials from Gel'fand–levitan–Marchenko theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第10期72卷 119-124页

作者： e F Meoto M l lekala Department of Physics University of South AfricaPrivate Bag X61710 JohannesburgSouth Africa

effective lambda-proton and lambda-neutron potentials,restored from theoretical scattering phases through Gel'fand–levitan–Marchenko theory,are tested on a lambda hypertriton through three-body *** lambda hypertriton is treated as a three-body system consisting of lambda-proton,lambda-neutron and proton–neutron *** energy and root mean square radius are computed for the ground state of lambda hypertriton(Jp=12+).In coordinate space,the dynamics of the system is described using a set of coupled hyperradial.equations obtained from the differential Faddeev *** solving the eigenval.e problem derived from this set of coupled hyperradial.equations,the binding energy and root mean square matter radius computed are found to be-2.462 MeV and 7.00 fm,*** potentials are also shown to display a satisfactory convergence behaviour.

关键词： lambda-nucleon potential lambda-proton potential lambda-neutron potential lambda hypertriton Faddeev equations hyperspherical method

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Changes in phototactic behavior of Daphnia magna clone C_1242 in response to copper, cadmium and pentachlorophenol

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 841-847页

作者： YUANling e.Michels l.DeMeester CallaveofResoureesandenvironment.SouthwestAmriculturalUniversity Chongcling400716China. laboratoryofecologyandAquaculture KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuvenBelgium

In order to develop a sound biotechnique for monitoring water quality that builds on the previous experiments carried out in our laboratory, a specific D. magna clone C 1242 was used to study the effects of pollutants on phototactic behavior. In all.experiments, the animals showed a stable and repeatable phototactic index approximated 0.2 in the presence and 0.4 in the absence of fish kairomones, which decreased significantly in response to pollutants. There existed no pollutant×fish kairomone interaction, indicating the changes in phototactic behavior of animals imposed by pollutants were independent of the presence of fish kairomones. The detection limits for changes in phototactic behavior of D. magna clone C 1242 are 0.04 mg/l for copper, 0.02 mg/l for cadmium, and 0.80 mg/l for PCP, respectively, quite lower than lC 50(48 h). The changes in phototactic behavior in presence to pollutants occurred quickly(3 h) compared to the period over whole acute toxicity tests. Therefore, D. magna clone C 1242 could be potentially used to monitor water quality. Moreover, the phototactic behavior did not decrease further in the pollutant mixtures employed in our experiments compared to individual pollutants, except in the Cd-PCP treatment. This fact suggests that the formation of water quality criteria must be based upon pollutant mixture tests.

关键词： Daphnia phototactic behavior copper cadmium pentachlorophenol fish kairomones

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