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The Genetic Mechanism of Wenchuan Earthquake

Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 336-344页

作者： WANG Yunsheng HUANG Runqiu LUO Yonghong XU Hongbiao State Key Lab. of Geohazard Prevention Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

The genetic mechanism of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake is still being debated and there is still no convincing general explanation for most of the phenomena. This is because researchers have ignored the important role of the Minshan block in the seismogenic process. The authors present a new opinion based on geological survey and comprehensive analyses. The Minshan block is a key tectonic element of the earthquake occurrence in the northwest triangle faulty block of Sichuan Province. The Minshan block is bordered by Longmen Mountain Range fractures in the south, the Huya fracture in the east, the Tazang fracture in the north and the Mounigou Valley fracture in the west. The rigidity of the block is relatively larger than those of the adjacent regions. The block's eastward movement pushed by regional maximum main geo-stress is limited when it suddenly tapers off near the east triangle end with a bottle-neck effect, and this causes geo-stress concentration around it. The shape of the block is coffin-like, wide in the upper part and narrow in the lower part. When a strong earthquake occurs along the block margins, the lock-up effect temporarily released, resulting in geo-stress transmitted to the Pingwu-Qingchuan (Motianling block) region. This transmission caused the Wenchuan earthquake's aftershocks to be concentrated in Qingchuan region. As the block moved eastward, the back of the block, i.e. the south segment of Mounigou Valley fracture, became active after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Therefore the aftershocks were concentrated along the south segment of Mounigou Valley fracture. Because the south margin is composed of the front range fracture, the geo-stress gradually released, causing many aftershocks along the Guanxian-Anxian fracture. The geological survey made after the Wenchuan Earthquake reveals that the surface ruptures in the south margin of Minshan block occur not along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fracture (central fracture) also along the front range fracture. The

关键词： 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake Genetic mechanism Minshan block Geological activities Longmen Mountain Range

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Effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets

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Rare Metals 2011年第6期30卷 583-588页

作者： YING Xiayu XIONG Ji GUO Zhixing CHEN Jianzhong XIONG Sujian YANG Mei FAN Hongyuan School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China College of Materials and Chemistry ＆ Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

In this paper, Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets were prepared by nano particles, and the effect of VC addition on the micmstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets was investigated. The results showed that there existed black-core grayish-rim strucmre as well as gray-core grayish-rim structure in VC-doped Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets. With the increase of VC addition, the number of gray cores in- creased, the lattice parameter of Ti（C,N） phase increased, the grain size decreased, the hardness and fracture toughness of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets were enhanced, and nearly full densification could be achieved. However, excessive addition of VC to 1 wt% resulted in slight decrease in hardness and fracture toughness. Some deep dimples were found in the fracture surface of cermets with VC addition, which corresponded to ductile fracture.

关键词： powder metallurgy Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets VC addition microstructure properties

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THE MESOZOIC QIANGTANG FORELAND BASIN IN QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU,china

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 358-359页

作者： Li Yong,Wang Chengshan,Yi Haisheng,Zhu Lidong,Shi He,Li Xianghui[WT5,5”BX](Institute of Sedimentology,chengdu University of Technology,chengdu 610059,china)

Mesozoic Qiangtang foreland Basin is located between Jinshajiang suture belt and Bangong—Nujiang suture belt and an important petroliferous basin in the north of Qinghai—Xizang plateau. This foreland basin is E—W elongated basin with 800km in length and 200km to 300km in width. Both margins of the basin are large suture belt and linked to thrusting of large suture belt, so Mesozoic Qiangtang foreland basin belongs to composite foreland basins according to Jordan’s classification of the foreland basin(1988). The foreland basin is filled with 5000～8000m thick late Triassic to Cretaceous marine sediments. The spacial changes of the stratigraphy indicates that the basin texture looks like a symmetric body, and it can be subdivided into three tectonic geomorphic units from north to south ,such as northern basin, center uplift, and southern basin. The depth in the north varies from 5000 to 8000m,the depth in center uplift varies from zero to 1000m, the depth in the south varies from 5000 to 7000m, Which show that the occurrence of the Mesozoic filling stratigraphy are thicker in the north and the south of the basin, but thinner in the center uplift of the basin. There are two center of subsidence of the basin, both of them are located in south and north foredeep belt, lying in the front of suture belt. The basin is one of common foreland basins between suture belt and belongs to typical symmetric foreland *** kind of basin geometry allows large thickness of synsedimentary molasse sediments to be preserved and related to basement uplifts and thrusts in the cratonic edge of the mountain *** late Triassic to Cretaceous the foreland basin is filled by four tectonic sequences, including late Triassic tectonic sequence(TS\-1),early Jurassic tectonic sequence(TS\-2), middle Jurassic to early Cretaceous tectonic sequence(TS\-3) and middle to late Cretaceous tectonic sequence (TS\-4).A tectonic Sequence is a body of genetically related strata isolated by unconformity

关键词： Mesozoic Qiangtang Foreland Basin Qinghai—Xizang Plateau china

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Prediction Research of Deformation Modulus of Weak Rock Zone under In-situ Conditions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 345-353页

作者： ZHANG Yong HE JiangDa WEI Yufeng NIE Dexin School of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059China

Weak rock zone (soft interlayer, fault zone and soft rock) is the highlight of large-scale geological engineering research. It is an important boundary for analysis of rock mass stability. Weak rock zone has been formed in a long geological period, and in this period, various rocks have undergone long-term consolidation of geostatic stress and tectonic stress; therefore, under in-situ conditions, their density and modulus of deformation are relatively high. Due to its fragmentary nature, once being exposed to the earth's surface, the structure of weak rock zone will soon be loosened, its density will be reduced, and its modulus of deformation will also be reduced significantly. Generally, weak rock zone can be found in large construction projects, especially in the dam foundation rocks of hydropower stations. These rocks cannot be eliminated completely by excavation. Furthermore, all tests nowadays are carried out after the exposure of weak rock zone, modulus of deformation under in-situ conditions cannot be revealed. In this paper, a test method explored by the authors has been introduced. This method is a whole multilayered medium deformation method. It is unnecessary to eliminate the relatively complete rocks covering on weak rock zone. A theoretical formula to obtain the modulus of deformation in various mediums has also been introduced. On-site comparative trials and indoor deformation modulus tests under equivalent density conditions have been carried out. We adopted several methods for the prediction researches of the deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions, and revealed a fact that under in-situ conditions, the deformation modulus of weak rock zone are several times higher than the test results obtained after the exposure. In a perspective of geological engineering, the research findings have fundamentally changed peoples' concepts on the deformation modulus of weak rock zone, provided important theories and methods for precise definit

关键词： Weak rock zone In-situ conditions: Stress Confining pressure Deformation modulus Multilayered

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THE UPLIFT PROCESS OF QING-ZANG PLATEAU

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 356-357页

作者： Li Yongzhao 1, Wang Yunsheng 1,Lu Yan 2[WT5,5”BX](1 chengdu University of Technology, chengdu 610059,china 2 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000,china)

The uplift of Qing—Zang (Qinghai—Tibet) plateau was the most important event in the late Cenozoic, which deeply influenced the environments of the World, especially those of china. Since the uplift is so important and complex that it has been become the research focus of earth science. Nevertheless, the initial time and evolution process of the uplift is still controversial.1\ The initial time of the uplift\;Qing\|Zang plateau is a union geological\|geomorphic unit, which is composed of several geological\|structural units. Each geological\|structural unit has itself exchange history of sea\|continent (basin\|mountain); the exchange time of the different parts differs. Therefore, the initial time of some part of the plateau is not the uplift time of the whole plateau. The plateau is the highland with high height above sea level, little relief of the top, large area and steep boundary. The plateau plane is the paleo\|peneplain, which was formed by the uplift of the plateau after the peneplanation. Therefore, the initial time of the uplift should be counted from the time that the peneplain had been formed.

关键词： Qing—Zang plateau uplift process peneplain

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Seismic tomography for the crust and upper mantle behind the Japan Trench

Seismic tomography for the crust and upper mantle behind the...

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中国地球物理学会第二十七届年会

作者： Zhi Wang College of Geophysics,chengdu University of Technology,chengdu 610059,china

＜正＞To improve our knowledge of crustal and upper mantle structures through tomographic imaging,we determined the 3-D velocity（Vp,Vs） and Vp/Vs structures under the Kuril-NE Japan subduction *** this study we present a new method to invert Vp and Vp/Vs images simultaneously using a large number of high-quality arrival times of P-wave and S-wave source-receiver pairs from both onshore and offshore earthquakes,indicating that the inverted Vp and Vp/Vs models are mutually correlative compared with the previous *** hypocenters of the offshore earthquakes relocated by using sP phases jointly with the master-event location（MEL） method,enabling us to reliably image seismic structures not only under the onshore areas but also beneath the offshore areas. The Vp,Vs and Vp/Vs models provide compelling evidence for a highly hydrated and serpentinized forearc mantle and the fluids related to low-velocity and high-Vp/Vs anomalies associated with the slab dehydration. Significant slow anomalous Vp and Vs with a high-Vp/Vs ratio are clearly imaged along the volcanic front with an extended depth of□100 km under the Kuril-NE Japan arc,showing good consistency with the results of previous *** is caused mainly by the fluids associated with the extensive dehydration of the subducting Pacific ***-related anomalies under the Kuril-NE Japan arc system,attributed to various processes such as slab dehydration and serpentinization of the forearc mantle wedge,are contributed mainly by arc magmatism, interplate coupling and the repeated generation of megathrust *** characteristic distribution of high and low Vp/Vs in the forearc continental crust along the trench-parallel direction may reflects the spatial heterogeneity of the amount of the subducted water which related to the difference of the sedimentary unit and seismic activity in the oceanic crust.

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ISOTOPE EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION AND MOTION REGULARITY OF RAINFALL CLOUD IN THE SOUTH TIBET

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 380-382页

作者： Yin Guan 1, Wang Jun 1, Liu Tianchou 2[WT5,5”BX](1 chengdu University of Technology,chengdu 610059,china 2.Xizang Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Survey,Lasa 850000,china)

The water system in Tibet distributes mainly in the south, and the water originates from precipitation. The local rainy season is from May to July. Finding out the origin and motion regularity on the regional atmospheric precipitation clouds is always emphases about the hydrology and water resource research.37 precipitation samples were collected from 1995 to 1998 in this research area. The hydrogen, oxygen isotope compositions and tritium contents were determined (see table).The results on the table has the follow feature:1 The precipitation line equation Go through regression handling, the precipitation equation is: δ D=7 54 δ 18 O+15 92( n =31),Fall down the right side in the global precipitation line shows stronger evaporation feature, and reflects the disequilibrium level on the Raleigh Fraction in rainfall cloud transportation proceeding.

关键词： precipitation isotope composition rainfall motion South Tibet

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Seismic tomography under the Longmen-Shan Fault zone

Seismic tomography under the Longmen-Shan Fault zone

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中国地球物理学会第二十七届年会

作者： Zhi Wang College of Geophysics,chengdu University of Technology,chengdu 610059,china

＜正＞We present a 3-D velocity model and 2-D magnetotelluric（MT） profiles based on new observations of seismic and MT data,which provide insights into the nucleus of crustal deformation and earthquake generation along the reverse-thrust and strike-slip fault *** find that anomalously low velocity with low resistivity relative to the Sichuan foreland basin is in sharp contrast to high-velocity anomalies and high resistivity in the Songpan-Ganze block in the upper *** combined data reveal two crustal bodies with anomalously low velocity and high conductivity underneath the fault zone,which is separated into three contrasting segments by the *** interpret the low-velocity and low-resistivity bodies as being associated with extrusion of either fluids or products of partial melting from the lower crust and/or upper *** suggests strong variations in the rheological strength of the rock along the fault *** finding implies that the coupling between the presumably fluid-bearing bodies and the earthquake generation could be extremely complex and that there is dramatic variation from the southwest portion to the northeast segment along the fault *** suggest that this complex and variable deformation system played key roles in controlling seismic generation and rupturing during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and that it will do so during possible future earthquakes in the region.

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The Disastrous 23 July 2009 Debris Flow in Xiangshui Gully, Kangding County, Southwestern china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 131-139页

作者： TANG Chuan YANG Yonghong SU Yongchao DING Jun HUANG Wenjie State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

On 23 July 2009, a catastrophic debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in Xiangshui gully, Kangding county, southwestern china. This debris flow originating shortly after a rainstorm with an intensity of 28 mm per hour transported a total volume of more than 480×103 m3 debris, depositing the poorly sorted sediment including boulders up to 2-3 m in diameter both onto an existing debris fans and into the river. Our primary objective for this study was to analyze the characteristics of the triggering rainfall and the debris supply conditions, and to estimate debris-flow volume, mean velocity, and discharge. A comparison with adjacent rain-gage records indicates that debris flows in this setting can be produced in response to as little as 17 mm/hour or 3.5 mm/10-minute of rainfall intensity with relatively lower amount of cumulative antecedent rainfall. The field measurement and the interpretation of the Worldview image indicate that abundant landslides occurred on steep slopes within areas underlain by highly weathered granite. Using empirical equations that combine flow depth and channel slope, the mean velocity and discharge of the debris flow were estimated to be 9.2 m/s and 2150 m3/s, respectively. The results contribute to a better understanding of the conditions leading to catastrophic debris flows.

关键词： Debris flow Rainfall intensity Debris supply Deposition Velocity china

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柴达木盆地侏罗系地层沉积大迁移及成因分析

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石油学报 2002年第6期23卷 16-19,6页

作者：李伟刘宝珺白淑艳成都理工大学四川成都610059 中国石油勘探开发研究院地质所北京100083

柴达木盆地早、中、晚侏罗世地层分布的变化较大 ,其沉积中心经历了自西北向北、再向东北的两次大迁移过程。在早侏罗世 ,盆地西北部边缘发育温暖潮湿气候下的断陷河湖沼泽沉积 ,中侏罗世以盆地北部边缘的广盆式断陷河湖沼泽沉积为特征 ... 详细信息

柴达木盆地早、中、晚侏罗世地层分布的变化较大 ,其沉积中心经历了自西北向北、再向东北的两次大迁移过程。在早侏罗世 ,盆地西北部边缘发育温暖潮湿气候下的断陷河湖沼泽沉积 ,中侏罗世以盆地北部边缘的广盆式断陷河湖沼泽沉积为特征 ,晚侏罗世以盆地东侧的山间凹陷干旱河湖沉积为主。对柴达木微板块西侧的中生代火山岩及与之相邻的塔里木板块、羌塘板块的地磁古纬度的对比分析表明 ,该盆地侏罗系板块之间不同性质的相互作用是控制其沉积。

关键词：柴达木盆地侏罗系地层沉积沉积迁移沉积成因板块作用油气地质

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