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Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process

Science china Earth sciences 2005年第3期48卷 417-428页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, LIU Changming 1, xia jun1, TAN Ge 1, LI Lin1, LIU Caitang1, ZHOU Changqing 1 & GUO Lei2.1. institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research,{2., beijing 100101, china 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. china 1. institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China

The driving actions of rainfall-runoff process can be attributed to two aspects. The first is the influence of precipitation process, and the second is that of the ground pad. The re- search results of 179 indoor experiments conducted to imitate rainfall-runoff process indicate that both precipitation duration and intensity play important roles in affecting confluence lag time, which is obviously inconsistent with the traditional hypotheses. The nonlinear relationship is of great significance to the confluence curve especially when the precipitation duration is less than the total confluence time or the precipitation intensity is small. Therefore it can be concluded that the unit hydrograph (UH) can be applied to rainfall-runoff process imitation in the humid areas in the south china region. However, the UH application should be strictly modified in accordance with precipitation conditions in the arid and semiarid region of north china where the precipitation duration is short and the intensity is unstable. It will be hard to get ideal imitation results if the UH is applied blindly without considering specific conditions in the north china region. This also explains the unsatisfactory imitation results caused by using various hydrological models in the north china region. When the precipitation duration is short, and the watershed has not reached total watershed concentration, the characteristics of confluence change greatly, which reflects the actual situation in the north china region. Therefore necessary nonlinear corrections should be made when UH is applied. If the duration is longer than the total confluence time and the balance between pondage and discharge is stricken, the imitation research results will be applicable to both rainfall-runoff relation with longer duration in the south china region and the basic theoreti- cal research on runoff generation and concentration. On conditions of adequate rainfall, peak discharge is in linear relationship with inten

关键词： rainfall-runoff, driving factors, indoor imitation, experiment.

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Differential Hydrological Grey Model (DHGM) with self-memory function and its application to flood forecasting

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 1039-1049页

作者： chen xiangdong1, xia jun1,2.& XU Qian3 1 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,{2., chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2.State Key Laboratory of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. china 3 School of Hydrology and Water resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 2.0098, china 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China 3. School of Hydrology and Water resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

This paper addresses a problem of flood forecasting with the self-memory function. Considering flood forecasting’s uncertainty and updating demand, a hybrid hydrological model, namely Differential Hy- drological Grey Model with self-memory function (DHGM-SM), is developed. The model has two fold features. One is to establish a self-memorization equation linked with DHGM, that could extract useful information from past data series and realize updating of hydrological dynamic process. The other is that this model has higher efficiency relative to original hydrological model without self-memory func- tion. This approach was applied to river flow forecasting of two representative basins in Tunxi of South china and Daqinggou of North china. It is shown that this hybrid method has satisfactory forecasting accuracy by examination of both calibration and validation.

关键词： differential grey model the self-memorization principle real-time forecasting faded-memory recursive least square method

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Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第6期48卷 765-777页

作者： chen Xi1, LUO Geping1, xia {2.2. ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3 & YE Minquan4 1. Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography,{2., Urumqi 830011, china 2. institute of geographical and resources sciences,{2., beijing 100101, china 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station, Urumqi 830011, china 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urümqi 830011, china Correspondence should be addressed to chen Xi 1. Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 830011 Urumqi China 2. institute of geographical and {2. sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station 830011 Urumqi China 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011 Urümqi China

The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of Xinjiang, china, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in Xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2. the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the {2.al divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3) the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage.

关键词： north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, climate change, hydrological change, natural change of ecology,RS and GIS, vegetation index.

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Development of distributed time-variant gain model for nonlinear hydrological systems

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第6期48卷 713-723页

作者： xia jun1, 2. WANG Gangsheng1, TAN Ge1, YE Aizhong2.& G. H. Huang3 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes,{2.,{2., beijing 100101, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Water resources & Hydropower Engineering sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. china 3. Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Sask., S4S 0A2. Canada Correspondence should be addressed to xia jun 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Water resources & Hydropower Engineering sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China 3. Faculty of Engineering University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway S4S 0A2 Sask Regina Canada

In this paper, a rainfall-runoff modeling system is developed based on a nonlinear Volterra functional series and a hydrological conceptual modeling approach. Two models, i.e. the time-variant gain model (TVGM) and the distributed time-variant gain model (DTVGM) that are built on the platform of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Remote Sensing (RS) and Unit Hydro-logical Process were proposed. The developed DTVGM model was applied to two cases in the Heihe River Basin that is located in the arid and semiarid region of northwestern china and the Chaobai River basin located in the semihumid region of northern china. The results indicate that, in addition to the classic dynamic differential approach to describe nonlinear processes in hy-drological systems, it is possible to study such complex processes through the proposed sys-tematic approach to identify prominent hydrological relations. The DTVGM, coupling the advan-tages of both nonlinear and distributed hydrological models, can simulate variant hydrological processes under different environment conditions. Satisfactory results were obtained in fore-casting the time-space variations of hydrological processes and the relationships between land use/cover change and surface runoff variation.

关键词： hydrological process, nonlinearity, time-variant gain model, distributed hydrological model.

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Effects of the Rainfall-Triggered Lisse Effect on the Stability of Loess Slopes

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1254-1262页

作者： Zhizhou Yang Donghui cheng jun {2. School of Water and Environment Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the Ministry of Water resources Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle&Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China State Key Laboratory of Water resources&Hydropower Engineering sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan430000China

This paper coupled a water-air two-phase hydrodynamic(WATPH)model with the Iverson’s method to analyze the influence of the Lisse effect on the fast groundwater pressure(P_(w))response and the slope ***,the sensitivities of the driving force and loess soil parameters were *** showed that the WATPH model simulated the height and rise of the depth to the water table reasonably *** depth to water table before rainfall(H0)had a significant impact on the Lisse effect and the slope *** the H_(0) was less than approximately 1 m,the rainfall triggered a significant Lisse effect and decreased the slope factor of safety(F_(s)).When the rainfall intensity(R_(i))was higher than the saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s)),the Lisse effect and the F_(s) slightly changed with the increase of the R_(i),and the slope tended to be unstable with continuous *** increasing K_(s),the Lisse effect noticeably increased,and the minimum F_(s) quickly *** analysis of the normalized sensitivity coefficient revealed that H_(0) had a dramatic impact on the Lisse effect and loess slope *** different R_(i) and K_(s) values had prominent influences on the Lisse effect and slight impacts on F_(s).

关键词： Lisse effect landslides safety factor rainfall

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Spatial Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Storage in china's Croplands

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Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 417-423页

作者： WANG Shao-Qiang YU Gui-Rui ZHAO Qian-jun NIU Dong chen Qing-Mei WU Zhi-Feng institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research Beijing 10010 （China）. Guangdong institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science Guangzhou 510650 （China）

The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest component of terrestrial carbon pools. With the construction of a geographically referenced database taken from the second national general soil survey materials and based on 1546 typical cropland soil profiles, the paddy field and dryland SOC storage among six regions of china were systematically quantified to characterize the spatial pattern of cropland SOC storage in china and to examine the relationship between mean annual temperature, precipitation, soil texture features and SOC content. In all regions, paddy soils had higher SOC storage than dryland soils, and cropland SOC content was the highest in Southwest china. Climate controlled the spatial distribution of SOC in both paddy and dryland soils, with SOC storage increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing with increasing temperature.

关键词： carbon storage cropland soil organic carbon spatial characteristics

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research progress of socio-economic water cycle in china

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Journal of geographical sciences 2002年第1期12卷 114-120页

作者： JIA Shao-feng, WANG Guo, ZHANG Shi-feng, YU Gui-rui, WANG Jin-xia, xia {2. (institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101,china) institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research CAS 北京 100101

china has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North{2. and Northwest{2. for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern{2., she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency,{2. has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase.{2. has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in{2.: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.

关键词： water cycle socio-economic water cycle sustainable water resources management water security

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Spatial pattern and compositive structure of forests in Guizhou

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Journal of geographical sciences 2002年第4期12卷 413-419页

作者： YAO Yonghui1, ZHANG Baiping1, ZHOU chenghu1, LUO Yang2. ZHU jun2. QIN Gang2. LI Baolin1, chen xiaodong1(1. Inst. of {2. sciences and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 2. Inst. of Forestry Survey and Design of Guizhou Pr Inst. of geographic sciences and {2. resources research CAS Beijing China Inst. of Forestry Survey and Design of Guizhou Province Guiyang China

Remote-sensing and field data of Guizhou forest resources in 2.00 are processed using ArcGIS, with the production of forest resource distribution map, forest age class structure map, and forest canopy distribution map. Analysis of these data shows that: (1) though there are multiple types of forest resources, forest coverage is low (only 2..2.%, excluding sparse woodland, shrub and underage-forest); (2. the {2.al distribution of forests is quite uneven, mainly in the southeast of the province and in Zunyi prefecture; (3) the zonal evergreen broad-leaved forests have been seriously destroyed, with striking secondary features, i.e., coniferous forest and shrubbery account for the greatest proportion of Guizhou forests; (4) the timber-forest is much larger in area than shelter-forest and economic forest; (5) young-and-middle aged forests are more widely distributed than near-and-over matured forest; and (6) the forest of Guizhou is not enough to effectively protect the environment of karst mountain areas of the province.

关键词： forest resources spatial pattern compositive structure Guizhou

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The First Isochronous Mass Measurements at CSRe

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原子核物理评论 2009年第S1期26卷 185-189页

作者： TU xiao-lin1,2. XU Hu-shan1, , WANG Meng1, xia Jia-wen1, MAO Rui-shi1, YUAN You-jin1, HU Zheng-guo1, LIU Yong1, ZHANG Hong-bin1, ZANG Yong-dong1,2. ZHAO Tie-{2.g1, ZHANG Xue-ying1, FU Fen1, YANG Jian-{2.g1, MAO Li-{2., xiaO {2.1,2. xiaO Guo-qing1, ZHAO Hong-wei1, ZHAN Wen-long1(1 institute of Modern Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2.Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, {12. 100049, china) institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

With the commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR),a pilot experiment operating the CSRe in isochronous mode to test the power of HIRFL-CSR for measuring the mass of the short-lived nucleus was performed in December of 2.07. The fragments with A/q = 2.of 36Ar were injected into CSRe and their revolution frequencies were measured with a fast time pick-up detector with a thin foil in the circulating path of the ions. The preliminary result is presented. The result shows the potential of CSRe for mass measurements of short-lived nuclei.

关键词： radiotive ion beam mass time-of-flight HIRFL-CSR

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A draft sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) genome

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第23期46卷 1937-1942页

作者： YU jun, HU Songnian, WANG jun,LI Songgang WONG Ka-Shu Gane, LIU Bin,DENG Yajun, DAI Li, ZHOU Yan,ZHANG Xiuqing, CAO Mengliang, LIU Jing,SUN Jiandong , TANG Jiabin, chen Yanjiong,HUANG xiaobing, LIN Wei, YE chen, TONG Wei,CONG Lijuan, GENG Jianing, HAN Yujun, LI Lin,LI Wei, HU Guangqiang, HUANG xiangang,LI Wenjie, LI Jian, LIU Zhanwei, LI Long,LIU Jianping, Ql Qiuhui, LIU Jinsong, LI Li,WANG Xuegang, LU Hong, WU Tingling,ZHU Miao, Nl Peixiang, HAN Hua, DONG Wei,REN xiaoyu, FENG xiaoli, GUI Peng,LI xianran, WANG Hao, XU Xin, ZHAI Wenxue,XU Zhao, ZHANG Jinsong, HE Sijie,ZHANG Jianguo, XU Jichen, ZHANG Kunlin,ZHENG xianwu, DONG Jianhai, ZENG Wanyong,TAO Lin, chen Xuewei, HE jun, LIU Daofeng,TIAN Wei, TIAN Chaoguang, xia Hongai,LI Gang, GAO Hui, LI Ping, chen Wei ,WANG Xudong, ZHANG Yong, HU Jianfei,WANG Jing, LIU Song, YANG Jian,ZHANG Guangyu, XIONG Yuqing, LI Zhijie,MAO Long, ZHOU chengshu, ZHU Zhen,chen Runsheng, HAO Bailin,ZHENG Weimou, chen Shouyi, QUO Wei,LI Guojie, LIU Siqi, HUANG Guyang,TAO Ming, WANG Jian, ZHU Lihuang,YUAN Longping& YANG Huanmingbeijing Genomics institute/Center of Genomics & Bioinformatics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 101300, china Hangzhou Genomics institute/institute of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang University/Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, china institute of Genetics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china National Hybrid Rice R & D Center, Changsha 410125, china Laboratory of Bioinformatics, institute of Biophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china College of Life {2.}, Peking University, beijing 100871, china institute of Theoretical Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1Q0080, china Digital china Ltd., beijing 100080, china institute of Computing Technology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, chinaThese authors contributed equally to this work.Corresponding author.Corresponden beijing Genomics institute/Center of Genomics & Bioinformatics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Hangzhou Genomics institute/institute of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang University/Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China College of Life sciences Peking University Beijing China Medical College Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China institute of Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Bioinformatics Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center Changsha China institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Digital china Ltd. Beijing China institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The sequence of the rice genome holds fundamental information for its biology, including physiology, genetics, development, and evolution, as well as information on many beneficial phenotypes of economic significance. Using a "whole genome shotgun" approach, we have pro-duced a draft rice genome sequence of Oryza sativa ssp. in-dica, the major crop rice subspecies in china and many other regions of Asia. The draft genome sequence is constructed from over 4.3 million successful sequencing traces with an accumulative total length of 2.14.9 Mb. The initial assembly of the non-redundant sequences reached 409.76 Mb in length, based on 3.30 million successful sequencing traces with a total length of 1797.4 Mb from an indica variant cultivar 93-11, giving an estimated coverage of 95.2.% of the rice genome with an average base accuracy of higher than 99%. The coverage of the draft sequence, the randomness of the sequence distribution, and the consistency of BIG-ASSEM-BLER, a custom-designed software package

关键词： rice genome draft sequences.

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