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Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981―2000

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第9期50卷 1341-1350页

作者： FANG JingYun GUO ZhaoDi PIAO ShiLong chen anping Department of Ecology College of Environmental Scienceand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Using China's ground observations,e.g.,forest inventory,grassland resource,agricultural statistics,climate,and satellite data,we estimate terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks for China's major biomes between 1981 and *** main results are in the following:(1)Forest area and forest biomass car-bon(C)stock increased from 116.5×10^(6) ha and 4.3 Pg C(1 Pg C=10^(15) g C)in the early 1980s to 142.8×10^(6) ha and 5.9 Pg C in the early 2000s,*** biomass carbon density increased form 36.9 Mg C/ha(1 Mg C=10^(6) g C)to 41.0 Mg C/ha,with an annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.075 Pg C/***,shrub,and crop biomass sequestrate carbon at annual rates of 0.007 Pg C/a,0.014―0.024 Pg C/a,and 0.0125―0.0143 Pg C/a,respectively.(2)The total terrestrial vegetation C sink in China is in a range of 0.096―0.106 Pg C/a between 1981 and 2000,accounting for 14.6%―16.1%of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitted by China's industry in the same *** addition,soil carbon sink is estimated at 0.04―0.07 Pg C/***,carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems(vegetation and soil)offsets 20.8%―26.8%of its industrial CO_(2) emission for the study period.(3)Considerable uncertainties exist in the present study,especially in the estimation of soil carbon sinks,and need further intensive investigation in the future.

关键词： carbon sink China crops forests grasslands shrubs soils terrestrial ecosystems

China's Growth Slowdown:Labor Supply,Productivity,or What?

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2021年第1期16卷 35-66页

作者： anping chen Nicolaas Groenewold School of Economics Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Economics Programme UWA Business SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

There has been much discussion of the sources of China's growth slowdown but little formal econometric analysis of this *** and Groenewold(2019)show that the slowdown was primarily supply-driven,but they stopped short of identifying specific supply *** paper extends their analysis and distinguishes several potential supply components:labor supply,productivity,and capital *** results confirm their main conclusion that supply dominates the explanation of the slowdown.A model with two supply factors(labor supply and productivity)reveals that both components contribute to the slowdown,although productivity makes the greater ***,when capital stock is added to the model,the decline in the capital accumulation rate becomes an important factor in the growth slowdown,to some extent replacing the effects of both labor supply and productivity.

关键词： growth slowdown supply factors labor supply productivity capital accumulation

Local and teleconnected temperature effects of afforestation and vegetation greening in China

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National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 897-912页

作者： Yue Li Shilong Piao anping chen Philippe Ciais Laurent Z.X.Li Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Colorado State University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Commissariata l Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives–CNRS–Universite de Versailles Saint-QuentinUniversite Paris-Saclay Laboratoire de Met eorologie Dynamique Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne UniversiteEcole Normale Superieure Ecole Polytechnique

Afforestation in China provides carbon sequestration and prevents soil erosion, but its remote impacts on climate in other regions via the coupling of forest energy fluxes with atmospheric circulation are largely unknown. Here, we prescribe inventory-based forest cover change and satellite-observed leaf area index from 1982 to 2011 in a coupled land-atmosphere model to simulate their biophysical climate effects. Both local and global surface air temperatures show a seasonal contrast in response to past vegetation cover expansion over China:a phenomenon we primarily attribute to a variation of seasonality of vegetation greening. A large cooling in spring results in concurrent decreases in geopotential height over China and zonal wind over Mongolia, causing a dipole structure in the upper troposphere over the Arctic. This accounts for～58%of simulated spring warming over the Russian Arctic and～61% of simulated spring cooling over the Canadian Artic. Our results imply that spring vegetation dynamics in China may affect climate in northern high latitudes.

关键词： afforestation vegetation greening China biophysical climate effect coupled land-atmosphere model

Spring and autumn phenology across the Tibetan Plateau inferred from normalized difference vegetation index and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence

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Big Earth Data 2021年第2期5卷 182-200页

作者： Fandong Meng Ling Huang anping chen Yao Zhang Shilong Piao Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA Climate and Ecosystem Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA

Plant phenology is a key parameter for accurately modeling ecosystem *** by scarce ground observations and benefiting from the rapid growth of satellite-based Earth observations,satellite data have been widely used for broad-scale phenology *** used reflectance vegetation indices represent the emergence and senescence of photosynthetic structures(leaves),but not necessarily that of photosynthetic *** data of the recently emerging solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)that is directly related to photosynthesis,and the traditional MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),we investigated the similarities and differences on the start and end of the growing season(SOS and EOS,respectively)of the Tibetan *** found similar spatiotemporal patterns in SIF-based SOS(SOS_(SIF))and NDVI-based SOS(SOS_(NDV)I).These spatial patterns were mainly driven by temperature in the east and by precipitation in the *** the two satellite products produced different spatial patterns in EOS,likely due to their different climate *** work demonstrates the value of big Earth data for discovering broad-scale spatiotemporal patterns,especially on regions with scarce field *** study provides insights into extending the definition of phenology and fosters a deeper understanding of ecosystem dynamics from big data.

关键词： SIF NDVI phenology photosynthesis big data climate change Tibetan plateau

The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1551-1563页

作者： Shilong PIAO Xinping ZHANG anping chen Qiang LIU Xu LIAN Xuhui WANG Shushi PENG Xiuchen WU College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the se

关键词： Climate extremes Carbon cycle Carbon sink Vegetation productivity

Fertilization regulates the response of wheat yield to interannual temperature variation in North China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 523-529页

作者： Zhenzhong Sun anping chen Junhua Ma Chune He Zhu Ouyang Zhenrong Tian Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesNo.11 of Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

Aims understanding the effect of long-term fertilization on the sensitivity of grain yield to temperature changes is critical for accurately assess-ing the impact of global warming on crop *** this study,we aim to assess the impacts of temperature changes on grain yields of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum l.)under different fertilization treatments in a long-term manipulative experiment in North *** We measured grain yields of winter wheat under four fertilization treatments at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental station each year from 1993 to *** also measured air temperature at 0200,0800,1400 and 2000 h each day since 1 January *** then used the first-difference method and simple linear regres-sion models to examine the relationship of crop yield changes to mean air temperature,mean daytime and nighttime air temperature in crop growing *** Findings We found that increases in mean daily temperature,mean day-time temperature and mean nighttime temperature each had a positive impact on the grain yield of winter *** yield increased by 16.7-85.6%for winter wheat in response to a 1°C increase in growing season mean daily *** wheat yield was more sensitive to variations of nighttime temperature than to that of daytime *** observed temperature impacts also varied across different fertilization *** fertilization significantly enhanced grain yields for winter wheat under a warming *** plots treated with nitrogen and phosphorous balanced fertilization(NPK-and NP-treated plots)were more responsive to temperature changes than those *** report provides direct evidence of how temperature change impacts grain yields under different fertiliza-tion treatments,which is useful for crop management in a chang-ing global climate.

关键词： grain yield fertilization daytime temperature nighttime temperature winter wheat

Emerging Negative Warming Impacts on Tibetan Crop Yield

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Engineering 2022年第7期8卷 163-168页

作者： Tsechoe Dorji Shilong Piao Xuhui Wang Chuang Zhao Baohua Liu anping chen Shiping Wang Tao Wang Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Sino–French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Preserving Tibet’s unique history and cultural heritage relies on the sustainability of the Tibetan croplands,which are characterized by highland barley,the only cereal crop cultivated over 4000 m above sea *** it is unknown how these croplands will respond to climate ***,using yield statistics from 1985 to 2015,we found that the impact of temperature anomalies on the Tibetan crop yield shifted from nonsignificant(P>0.10)in the 1980s and 1990s to significantly negative(P<0.05)in recent ***,the apparent sensitivity of the crop yield to temperature anomalies almost doubled,from(–0.13±0.20)to(–0.22±0.14)t·ha^(-1)℃^(–1).The emerging negative impacts of higher temperatures suggest an increasing vulnerability of Tibetan croplands to warmer *** global warming scenarios of+1.5 or+2.0℃above the pre-industry level,the temperature sensitivities of crop yield may further increase to(–0.33±0.10)and(–0.51±0.18)t·ha^(-1)℃^(–1),respectively,making the crops 2–3 times more vulnerable to warmer temperatures than they are today.

关键词： Tibet Warming Crop yield Barley Negative warming impacts

Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north Ordos Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第z2期50卷 165-173页

作者： LI ZiYing FANG XiHeng chen anping OU GuangXi XIAO XinJian SUN Ye LIU ChiYang WANG Yi Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium GeologyBeijing 100029China Geological Party No.208 CNNCBaotou 014010China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium GeologyBeijing 100029China Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development SinopecBeijing 100083China

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin,occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo *** in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green,being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium *** character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology,mineralogy and *** is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation,being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone *** find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit,but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.

关键词： Ordos Basin sandstone-type uranium deposit gray-green sandstone oil-gas origin

Origin and Superposition Metallogenic Model of the Sandstone-type Uranium Deposit in the Northeastern Ordos Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第4期82卷 745-749页

作者： LI Ziying chen anping FANG Xiheng OU Guangxi XIA Yuliang SUN Ye Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology China National Nuclear Corporation Beijing 100029 China Geological Exploration Team No. 208 Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010 China

This paper deals with the metallogenic model of the sandstone type uranium deposit in the northeastern Ordos Basin from aspects of uranium source, migration and deposition. A superposition metallogenic model has been established due to complex uranium mineralization processes with superposition of oil-gas reduction and thermal reformation.

关键词： Ordos Basin sandstone type uranium deposit superposition metallogenic model