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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. chen, A.M. chen, E.s. chen, H.X. chen, Liang chen, Lin chen, Long chen, M.J. chen, M.L. chen, Q.H. chen, s. chen, s.H. chen, s.z. chen, T.L. chen, Y. cheng, N. cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, s.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.z. Dai, H.L. Dai, z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, s.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, s. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.s. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, s.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, s.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.z. Li, zhe Li, zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, s.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, s.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. sáiz, A. saeed, M. semikoz, D. shao, L. shchegolev, O. sheng, X.D. shu, F.W. song, H.C. stenkin, Yu.V. stepanov, V. su, Y. sun, D.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany school of Physical science and Technology & school of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & school of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China state Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China school of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China school of Physics and Astronomy (zhuhai) & school of Physics (Guangzhou) & sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (sNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air shower Observatory (LHAAsO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAAsO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of sNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAAsO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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structural basis for polyuridine tract recognition by sARs-CoV-2 Nsp15

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Protein & Cell 2024年第7期15卷 547-552页

作者： Fumiaki Ito Hanjing Yang z.Hong zhou Xiaojiang s.chen Molecular and Computational Biology Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States California Nanosystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095United States Genetic Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Center of Excellence in NanoBiophysics University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States

Dear Editor,Coronaviruses have evolved a wide array of tactics to evade host antiviral *** host cells detect invading foreign nucleic acids including viral genome and viral replication intermediates,they activate interferon(IFN)signaling via cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors(Kang et al.,2002;Kato et al.,2006).Remarkable stealth activities exhibited by coronaviruses are facilitated by a series of non-structural proteins(Nsps),such as Nsp15(Deng and Baker,2018;Deng et al.,2019;Hackbart et al.,2020),which is a uridine-specific endoribonuclease that mediates evasion of host detection of viral double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)(Bhardwaj et al.,2004;Deng et al.,2017;Frazier et al.,2021;Ivanov et al.,2004).Nsp15 targets a polyuridine[poly(U)]tract on the coronavirus negative strand RNA(Hackbart et al.,2020).Nsp15 limits the abundance and length of poly(U)within the negative strand RNA 5ʹ-extension by trimming down the initially synthes.z.d poly(U)lead sequence to the optimal length that can suppress dsRNA formation but still serves as a template for poly(A)tail of the positive strand genome of the coronaviruses(Hofmann and Brian,1991).

关键词： p15 interferon template

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： s.Tan Q.Wang Y.chen W.B.Yao C.z.Xiao J.F.Myatt school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China school of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(sRss)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order sRss and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order sRss propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order sRss,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that sRss and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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Dynamics of a rotating ring-stiffened sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 963-982页

作者： s.JAHANGIRI A.GHORBANPOUR ARANI z.KHODDAMI MARAGHI Department of solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashan ***Iran Faculty of Engineering Mahallat Institute of Higher EducationMahallat ***Iran

The free vibration analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with a reentrant auxetic honeycomb core and homogenous isotropic face layers reinforced with a ring support is *** shell is modeled utilizing the first-order shear deformation theory(FsDT)incorporating the relative,centripetal,and Coriolis accelerations alongside the initial hoop tension created by the *** governing equations,compatibility conditions,and boundary conditions are attained using Hamilton’s *** trigonometric functions,an analytical solution is derived in the circumferential direction,and a numerical one is presented in the meridional direction via the differential quadrature method(DQM).The effects of various factors on the critical rotational speeds and forward and backward frequencies of the shell are *** present work is the first theoretical work regarding the dynamic analysis of a rotating sandwich conical shell with an auxetic honeycomb core strengthened with a ring support.

关键词： free vibration conical shell rotating shell ring support auxetic honeycomb

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Granger causal representation learning for groups of time series

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 56-68页

作者： Ruichu CAI Yunjin WU Xiaokai HUANG Wei chen Tom z.J.FU zhifeng HAO school of Computer science Guangdong University of Technology Peng cheng Laboratory College of science Shantou University

Discovering causality from multivariate time series is an important but challenging *** existing methods focus on estimating the Granger causal structures among multivariate time series,while ignoring the prior knowledge of these time series, e.g., the group of the time series. Focusing on discovering the Granger causal structures among groups of time series, we propose a Granger causal representation learning method to solve this problem. First, we use the multiset canonical correlation analysis method to learn the Granger causal representation of each group of time series. Then, we model the Granger causal relationships among the learned Granger causal representations using a recurrent neural network with temporal information. Finally, we formulate the above two stages into one unified optimization problem, which is efficiently solved using the augmented Lagrangian method. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Granger causal discovery Granger causal representation learning time series data recurrent neural network multiset canonical correlation analysis

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Rational design of AgGas.z.s.z.s quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： H.X.Lu H.Liu z.z.Fu Y.Y.chen H.Q.Dai z.Hu W.L.zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthes.z. highly luminescent AgGas.z.s.z.s quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner zns shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGas core and the outer zns shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthes.z.d AgGas.z.s.z.s QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGas ***,the effect of halogen ions in zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between zn cation diffusion and zns shelling ***,the zns shelling reaction was dominant when znCl_(2)was employed,while zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the zns shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGas Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Probing the Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with the cosmological constant caused by Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics using quasinormal modes and greybody bounds

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 102-119页

作者： s R Wu B Q Wang z W Long College of Physics Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang 550025China

In this work,we investigate a static and spherically symmetric Bardeen-Kiselev black hole(BH)with the cosmological constant,which is a solution of the Einstein-non-linear Maxwell field *** compute the quasinormal frequencies for the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant due to electromagnetic and gravitational *** varying the BH parameters,we discuss the behavior of both real and imaginary parts of the BH quasinormal frequencies and compare these frequencies with the Reissner-Nordström-de sitter BH surrounded by quintessence(RN-dsQ).Interestingly,it is shown that the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dsQ under electromagnetic perturbations are different when the charge parameter q,the state parameter w and the normalization factor c are varied;however,for the gravitational perturbations,the responses of the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant and the RN-dsQ are different only when the charge parameter q is ***,compared with the gravitational perturbations,the electromagnetic perturbations can be used to understand nonlinear and linear electromagnetic fields in curved spacetime *** interesting observation is that,due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence,the electromagnetic perturbations around the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant damps faster and oscillates slowly;for the gravitational perturbations,the quasinormal mode decays slowly and oscillates *** also study the reflection and transmission coefficients along with the absorption cross section in the Bardeen-Kiselev BH with the cosmological constant;it is shown that the transmission coefficients will increase due to the presence of Kiselev quintessence.

关键词： quasinormal modes greybody factors Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with cosmological constant

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Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.Y.Huang z.Yang s.Y.Yang z.H.Dai Y.J.Liu J.H.Liao G.Y.zhong z.J.Xie Y.P.Fang s.s.z.ang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China school of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China school of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utilization of light energy in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor ***,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)Cds nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of Cds *** study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： Two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocatalyst Hydrogen evolution

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Four Late-type Galaxies with Double Radio Lobes and Properties of such Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 84-90页

作者： z.s.Yuan X.Y.Gao z.L.Wen J.L.Han National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAs Key Laboratory of FAsT National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China school of Astronomy and space sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies is not fully *** samples are desired for a thorough investigation and *** utilizing the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy spectroscopic Instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VLA sky survey and the Faint Images of the Radio sky at Twenty-centimeter,we identify four Late-type Galaxies with double Radio Lobes(La GRLs):J0217-3645,J0947+6220,J1412+3723 and J1736+*** previously known La GRLs,we confirm the correlation between radio power P_(1.4GHz)and stellar mass M_(*)of host ***(25/35)La GRLs belong to the blue cloud galaxies,while the newly identified cases in this work are located within the region of the red *** find a clear correlation between the differential radio power,i.e.,the offset from the P_(1.4GHz)-M_(*)relation,and the galaxy color,indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M_(*)tend to host more powerful radio ***,the majority(31/36)of La GRLs are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed *** suggest that all of the galaxy mass,color and surrounding environment could play important roles in triggering radio lobes in late-type galaxies.

关键词： galaxies:active galaxies:jets galaxies:spiral radio continuum:galaxies

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An Improved Image steganography security and Capacity Using Ant Colony Algorithm Optimization

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4643-4662页

作者： Jasim z.K.J. Kurnaz s. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas University Istanbul 34000 Turkey

This advanced paper presents a new approach to improving image steganography using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. Image steganography, a technique of embedding hidden information in digital photographs, should ideally achieve the dual purposes of maximum data hiding and maintenance of the integrity of the cover media so that it is least suspect. The contemporary methods of steganography are at best a compromise between these two. In this paper, we present our approach, entitled Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-Least significant Bit (LsB), which attempts to optimize the capacity in steganographic embedding. The approach makes use of a grayscale cover image to hide the confidential data with an additional bit pair per byte, both for integrity verification and the file checksum of the secret data. This approach encodes confidential information into four pairs of bits and embeds it within uncompressed grayscale images. The ACO algorithm uses adaptive exploration to select some pixels, maximizing the capacity of data embedding while minimizing the degradation of visual quality. Pheromone evaporation is introduced through iterations to avoid stagnation in solution refinement. The levels of pheromone are modified to reinforce successful pixel choices. Experimental results obtained through the ACO-LsB method reveal that it clearly improves image steganography capabilities by providing an increase of up to 30% in the embedding capacity compared with traditional approaches; the average Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PsNR) is 40.5 dB with a structural Index similarity (ssIM) of 0.98. The approach also demonstrates very high resistance to detection, cutting down the rate by 20%. Implemented in MATLAB R2023a, the model was tested against one thousand publicly available grayscale images, thus providing robust evidence of its effectiveness. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech science Press.

关键词： ant colony algorithm capacity optimization steganalysis steganography

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