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The androgen receptor in hormone-refractory prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 69-73页

作者： Hai-Lei Mao Zhi-Qi Zhu charlie Degui Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Andrology Institute of Biochemistry and CellBiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001 China

Advanced prostate cancer is responsive to hormone therapy that interferes with androgen receptor （AR） signalling. However, the effect is short-lived, as nearly all tumours progress to a hormone-refractory （HR） state, a lethal stage of the disease. Intuitively, the AR should not be involved because hormone therapy that blocks or reduces AR activity is not effective in treating HR tumours. However, there is still a consensus that AR plays an essential role in HR prostate cancer （HRPC） because AR signalling is still functional in HR tumours. AR signalling can be activated in HR tumours through several mechanisms. First, activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways can sensitize the AR to castrate levels of androgens. Also, mutations in the AR can change AR ligand specificity, thereby allowing it to be activated by non-steroids or anti-androgens. Finally, overexpression of the wild-type AR sensitizes itself to low concentrations of androgens. Therefore, drugs targeting AR signalling could still be effective in treating HRPC.

关键词： prostate cancer hormone therapy androgen receptor hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Suppressing Al2O3 nanoparticle coarsening and Cu nanograin growth of milled nanostructured Cu-5vol.%Al2O3 composite powder particles by doping with Ti

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第11期33卷 1323-1328页

作者： Dengshan Zhou Hongwei Geng Wei Zeng Deliang Zhang charlie Kong Paul Munroe Key LaboratoryforAnisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Institute of Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Waikato CentreforAdvanced Materials School of Engineering The University of Waikato Private Bag3105 Hamilton New Zealand State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghaifiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Electron Microscopy Unit The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia

Both the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles and the growth of Cu nanograins of mechanically milled nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composites with, and without, trace amounts of Ti during annealing at973 K for 1 h were investigated. It was found that doping with a small amount of Ti（e.g. 0.2 wt%） in a nanostructured Cu-5 vol.%Al2O3 composite effectively suppressed the coarsening of Al2O3 nanoparticles during exposure at this temperature. Further, the Ti addition also prevented the concomitant abnormal growth of the copper grains normally caused by the coarsening of the Al2O3 nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the Al2O3 nanoparticles in the annealed Cu-5 vol.%Al2 O3-0.2 wt%Ti sample suggested that the Ti atoms either diffused into the Al2O3 nanoparticles or segregated to the Cu/Al2O3 interfaces to form Ti-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles, which was more stable than Ti-free Al2O3 nanoparticles during annealing at high homologous temperatures.

关键词： Nanostructured copper matrix composites Minor alloying Annealing Grain growth Particle coarsening

Separating emitted dust from the total suspension in airflow based on the characteristics of PM10 vertical concentration profiles on a Gobi surface in northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第6期14卷 589-603页

作者： ZHANG Chunlai WANG Xuesong CEN Songbo ZHENG Zhongquan charlie WANG Zhenting State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand ControlFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Aerospace Engineering Department University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045-7621USA Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

During aeolian processes,the two most critical factors related to dust emissions are soil particle and aggregate saltation,which greatly affect the vertical profiles of near-surface dust *** this study,we measured PM10 concentrations at four different heights(0.10,0.50,1.00 and 2.00 m)with and without continuous and simultaneous aeolian saltation processes on a Gobi surface in northwestern China from 31 March to 10 April,*** found that the vertical concentration profiles of suspended PM10 matched the log-law model well when there was no aeolian *** the erosion process with saltation,we divided the vertical concentration profiles of PM10 into the saltation-affected layer and the airflow-transport layer according to two different dust sources(i.e.,locally emitted PM10 and upwind transported PM10).The transition height between the saltation-affected layer and the airflow-transport layer was not fixed and varied with saltation *** this new perspective,we calculated the airflow-transport layer and the dust emission rate at different times during a wind erosion event occurred on 5 April *** found that dust emissions during wind erosion are primarily controlled by saltation intensity,contributing little to PM10 concentrations above the ground surface compared to PM10 concentrations transported from upwind *** erosion progresses,the surface supply of erodible grains is the most crucial factor for saltation *** there was a sufficient amount of erodible grains,there was a significant correlation among the friction velocity,saltation intensity and dust emission ***,when supply is limited by factors such as surface renewal or an increase in soil moisture,the friction velocity will not necessarily correlate with the other two ***,for the Gobi surface,compared to limiting dust emissions from upwind directions,restricting the transport of suspended dust in its path is by far a more efficient and

关键词： PM10 vertical concentration profiles dust emission rate saltation intensity suspensions Gobi surface

Importance of Air-Sea Coupling in Simulating Tropical Cyclone Intensity at Landfall

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1777-1786页

作者： charlie C.F.LOK Johnny C.L.CHAN Ralf TOUMI School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Physics Imperial CollegeLondon SW72AZUK

An atmosphere-only model system for making seasonal prediction and projecting future intensities of landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs)along the South China coast is upgraded by including ocean and wave models.A total of 642 TCs have been re-simulated using the new system to produce a climatology of TC intensity in the South China *** comparisons of the simulations from the atmosphere-only and the fully coupled systems reveal that the inclusion of the additional ocean and wave models enable differential sea surface temperature responses to various TC characteristics such as translational speed and *** particular,interaction with the ocean does not necessarily imply a weakening of the TC,with the coastal bathymetry possibly playing a role in causing a near-shore intensification of the *** results suggest that to simulate the evolution of TC structure more accurately,it is essential to use an air-sea coupled model instead of an atmosphere-only model.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensity tropical cyclone landfall seasonal prediction air-sea coupling

Accelerating the comprehensive and systematic evaluation of clinical evidence for Chinese medicine using a whole-evidence approach

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Global Health Journal 2019年第2期3卷 33-36页

作者： charlie Changli Xue Yubo Lyu The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityP.O.Box 71BundooraVictoria 3083Australia Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine 111 Dade RoadGuangzhou 510000China

Modern Chinese medicine is rooted in classical literature and the legacies provided by ancient doctors and their *** is also grounded in the practices of expert clinicians and increasingly informed by clinical and experimental *** Chinese medicine's stage of international development,a whole-evidence approach is an appropriate method for compiling and synthesizing different types and levels of evidence for specific types of *** approach can be used for the wide range of clinical conditions that Chinese medicine commonly treats.

关键词： Chinese medicine Whole-evidence approach Evidence-based medicine

A review on the performance of conventional and energy-absorbing rockbolts

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第4期6卷 315-327页

作者： charlie C.Li Gisle Stjern Arne Myrvang Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim 7491 Norway Statoil ASA Stavanger Norway

This is a review paper on the performances of both conventional and energy-absorbing rockbolts manifested in laboratory tests. Characteristic parameters such as ultimate load, displacement and energy absorption are reported, in addition to load-displacement graphs for every type of rockbolt. Conventional rockbolts refer to mechanical rockbolts, fully-grouted rebars and frictional rockbolts. According to the test results, under static pull loading a mechanical rockbolt usually fails at the plate; a fully-grouted rebar bolt fails in the bolt shank at an ultimate load equal to the strength of the steel after a small amount of displacement; and a frictional rockbolt is subjected to large displacement at a low yield load. Under shear loading, all types of bolts fail in the shank. Energy-absorbing rockbolts are developed aiming to combat instability problems in burst-prone and squeezing rock conditions. They absorb deformation energy either through ploughing/slippage at predefined load levels or through stretching of the steel bolt. An energy-absorbing rockbolt can carry a high load and also accommodate significant rock displacement, and thus its energy-absorbing capacity is high. The test results show that the energy absorption of the energy-absorbing bolts is much larger than that of all conventional bolts. The dynamic load capacity is smaller than the static load capacity for the energy-absorbing bolts displacing based on ploughing/slippage while they are approximately the same for the D-Bolt that displaces based on steel stretching.

关键词： Rockbolt Laboratory bolt testEnergy-absorbing rockbolt Yield rockbolt Pull testShear test Dynamic testDrop test

Performing arts buildings in Taiyuan:Cultural history buildings in a second-tier Chinese city

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第2期8卷 215-228页

作者： Yingbo Xiao Yan Wan charlie Q.L.Xue Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In the twenty-first century,Chinese cities tend to rely on cultural megastructures to define their new districts and reflect their aspirations.A grand theater,which is a complicated building type in terms of technology and has a striking image,is a central attraction and the focus of a new *** paper focuses on Taiyuan City,a second-tier Chinese city with a brilliant history that has been gradually reduced to *** paper aims to reveal the relationship among productivity,urban development,and theater construction in different historic periods;highlights the initiation,design,and implication of the latest grand theater designed by a French firm;and investigates the city and its performing arts spaces,stakeholders,and various forces that make the theater and its urban *** affective forces may be typical in Central China,which is a generally backward area compared with the entire *** paper presents proper descriptors for performing arts buildings in Taiyuan for three generations,and the lessons from Taiyuan can provide references for other cities that face similar problems and challenges.

关键词： The Shanxi grand theatre Performing art space Importation of design International architecture

Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 725-731页

作者： Jin-Yang Chen Xiao-Zhou Mou Xiao-Chun Du charlie Xiang State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases the First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Clinical Research Institute Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital S-Evans Biosciences

Objective: To invest the dif erences among mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. Methods: In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue(AD), umbilical cord tissue(UC), and menstrual blood(Men) and comparedtheir biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared. Results: The stem cells(SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some dif erences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs(UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs> Men SCs> ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order Men SCs> ADSCs> UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from dif erent sources within the same donor, 768 Men SC genes were found that were specii cally upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, Men SCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inl ammation, stress response, and neural dif erentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic dif erentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs. Conclusions: Men SCs have higher extraction ei ciency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.

关键词： Adipose Umbilical cord Menstrual blood Mesenchymal stem cell

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of AA5083 Matrix Composite via Introducing Al_(0.5)CoCrFeNi Particles and Cryorolling

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第6期35卷 879-889页

作者： Hao Gu Zhide Li Kaiguang Luo Laxman Bhatta Hanqing Xiong Yun Zhang charlie Kong Hailiang Yu State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Mark Wainwright Analytical Center University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Light Alloys Research Institute Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

High-entropy alloy particles(HEAPs)can markedly enhance the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites(MMCs).In this study,AA5083/Al_(0.5) CoCrFeNi HEAPs MMCs with diff erent HEAPs contents(0,1,and 3 wt%)were prepared via a stir-casting,and then these MMCs sheets were hot rolled(573 K)and cryorolled(77 K),*** mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were measured by tensile testing and microhardness ***,their microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron *** revealed that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the as-cast AA5083/Al_(0.5) CoC rF eN i HEAPs MMCs were improved from 203 to 257 MPa by adding 3 wt%*** the mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were improved after *** cryorolling with 50%rolling reduction ratio,the MMCs with 1 wt%HEAPs had an UTS of 382 MPa,which was 1.9 times that of the MMCs before ***,the strengthening mechanisms of HEAPs and cryorolling on the AA5083/HEAPs MMCs were discussed.

关键词： Metal matrix composite Cryorolling Mechanical properties High-entropy alloy particle