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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng charles C.Davis Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

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Prediction of Porous Media Fluid Flow with Spatial Heterogeneity Using Criss-Cross Physics-Informed Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1323-1340页

作者： Jiangxia Han Liang Xue Ying Jia Mpoki Sam Mwasamwasa Felix Nanguka charles Sangweni Hailong Liu Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Oil-Gas Field Development engineering College of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing102249China exploration Production Research Institute SinopecBeijing102249China Ministry of energy Tanzania Petroleum Development CorporationTowerDar es Salaam2774Tanzania Ministry of energy Building Petroleum Upstream Regulatory Authority in Tanzania(PURA)Dar es Salaam11439Tanzania

Recent advances in deep neural networks have shed new light on physics,engineering,and scientific *** the data-centered viewpoint with physical simulation is one of the research *** physicsinformedneural network(PINN)is currently the most general framework,which is more popular due to theconvenience of constructing NNs and excellent generalization *** automatic differentiation(AD)-basedPINN model is suitable for the homogeneous scientific problem;however,it is unclear how AD can enforce fluxcontinuity across boundaries between cells of different properties where spatial heterogeneity is represented bygrid cells with different physical *** this work,we propose a criss-cross physics-informed convolutionalneural network(CC-PINN)learning architecture,aiming to learn the solution of parametric PDes with spatialheterogeneity of physical *** achieve the seamless enforcement of flux continuity and integration ofphysicalmeaning into CNN,a predefined 2D convolutional layer is proposed to accurately express transmissibilitybetween adjacent *** efficacy of the proposedmethodwas evaluated through predictions of several petroleumreservoir problems with spatial heterogeneity and compared against state-of-the-art(PINN)through numericalanalysis as a benchmark,which demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the PINN.

关键词： Physical-informed neural networks(PINN) flow in porous media convolutional neural networks spatial heterogeneity machine learning

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Aulacaspis yasumatsui infestations accelerate Cycas leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 681-684页

作者： Thomas e.MARLeR Bagong Kaalaman Botanikal Institute 15 Rizal StreetBarangay MalabañasAngeles City 2009(Philippines)

Dear editor,Numerous aspects of ecosystem ecology are influenced by insects(Prasad,2022).Herbivory of plant organs by insects may influence the biogeochemistry of forests by changing the speed of litter decomposition(Schowalter,2022).Cycas micronesica *** is the only native gymnosperm in the Mariana *** once-abundant tree experienced no known lethal threats prior to the 2003 invasion of Guam by the scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi(Marler,2012).This insular case study has been the subject of abundant research(Marler et al.,2021).Changes to leaf litter chemistry improved litter quality following *** infestations(Marler and Dongol,2016),but the prediction of increased decomposition speed has not been confirmed with experimental incubations.

关键词： litter fir release

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The effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physico-Chemical Properties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Derived Biodiesel

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1052-1069页

作者： charles Mazereku Jerekias Gandure Clever Ketlogetswe Faculty of engineering University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative biodiesel raw material. Four plant growth regulators (PGR) were used to boost the production of safflower. Thirteen treatments were constituted from the four plant regulators and applied to the safflower crop arranged in completely randomised design, repeated three times. The results show that the effect of plant growth regulators was not more than that of the control. More studies have to be channelled towards the relationship between safflower and plant growth regulators.

关键词： Safflower Biodiesel Plant Growth Regulators

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Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among ***"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 127-129页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among ***,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Health and examination Survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the *** Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

关键词： U.S. adult among

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exploration of chromene-based BioAIegens

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 47-48页

作者： Fritz e.Kühn Department of Chemistry&Catalysis Research Center School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich

Photoemission efficiency is usually higher in solution than in solid *** compounds however, display a reverse behavior. Such a behavior is called aggregation-induced emission(AIe).

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efficiently adding mode multiplexing for cost-effective,high-capacity fiber links

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 8-9页

作者： Alan e.Willner Huibin Zhou University of Southern California Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States

For decades,a powerful approach to adding data capacity in an optical communication link has been to multiplex independent data-carrying channels and transmit them simultaneously along a fiber.^(1)For example,wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)was a key technology in the 1990s and early 2000s to dramatically increase aggregate capacity in a fiber by multiplexing beams of different wavelengths.^(2)For the past roughly 15 years,there has been great promise that space-division-multiplexing(SDM)may bring similar capacity enhancements to optical fiber communications.^(1–3)

关键词： fiber multiplexing adding

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Review on Hydroxyurea Usage in Young Children with Sickle Cell Disease: examining Hemoglobin Induction, Potential Benefits, Responses, Safety, and effectiveness

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent condition, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the presence of specific genes associated with Malaria contributes to its high prevalence. Patients with sickle cell disease frequently experience painful episodes necessitating hospitalization, and their hemoglobin levels are typically lower than those of the general population. There are different treatment options available to manage complications, such as transfusing blood, hydroxyurea, and strong anti-pains. However, with all these treatments, patients still commonly experience pain crises and suffer from organ damage. Hydroxyurea, the sole approved medication for sickle cell anemia in developed and developing countries, is widely used in children despite being primarily indicated for adults. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hydroxyurea in inducing HbF production in young children with SCD. elevated HbF levels have been associated with improved clinical outcomes, including a reduction in vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusions. Furthermore, increased HbF levels have been shown to ameliorate disease-related organ damage, such as pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell retinopathy. The response to hydroxyurea treatment in young children with SCD is variable. Some patients achieve substantial increases in HbF levels and experience significant clinical benefits, while others may have a more modest response. Factors influencing the response include baseline HbF levels, genetic modifiers, treatment adherence, and dose optimization. Safety is a crucial consideration when using hydroxyurea in young children. Studies have shown that hydroxyurea is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being myelosuppression, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatological manifestations. However,long-term effects and potential risks, such as renal dysfunction and reproductive impacts, require furth

关键词： effectiveness Hydroxyurea Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Minimally effective Dose Maximum Tolerated Dose

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Recent Advances for Global Perspectives on etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentations, and Management of Moyamoya Disease

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2024年第1期14卷 6-23页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Dongchi Zhao Youping Deng Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a condition characterized by the gradual narrowing and blockage of blood vessels in the brain, specifically those in the circle of Willis and the arteries that supply it. This results in reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain, leading to progressive symptoms and potential complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains elucidated. However, recent studies have highlighted numerous etiologic factors: abnormal immune complex responses, susceptibility genes, branched-chain amino acids, antibodies, heritable diseases, and acquired diseases, which may be the great potential triggers for the development of moyamoya disease. Its clinical presentation has varying degrees from transient asymptomatic events to significant neurological deficits. Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows different patterns in children and adults. Children with MMD are more susceptible to ischemic events due to decreased blood flow to the brain. Conversely, adults with MMD are more prone to hemorrhagic events involving brain bleeding. Children with MMD may experience a range of symptoms including motor impairments, sensory issues, seizures, headaches, dizziness, cognitive delays, or ongoing neurological problems. Although adults may present with similar clinical symptoms as children, they are more prone to experiencing sudden onset intraventricular, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. One of the challenges in moyamoya disease is the potential for misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, particularly when physicians fail to consider MMD as a possible cause in stroke patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent global studies on the pathophysiology of MMD, along with advancements in its management. Additionally, the review will delve into various surgical treatment options for MMD, as well as its rare occurrence alongside atrioventricular malformations. exciting prospects include the use of autologous bone marrow transplant and the p

关键词： Moyamoya Disease (MMD) etiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentations Management Future Promising Avenues

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Open Journal of Civil engineering 2024年第2期14卷 214-224页

作者： Joan Anyika Otike charles Kabubo Victoria Okumu Kenya National Highways Authority Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The performance of bridge projects in Kenya is poor in terms of completion by schedule, cost, and quality (scope). Yet, there is less evidence of empirical research on what factors contribute to this outcome. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining the effects of contractor-related factors on the performance of bridge construction projects in Kenya through a case study of the Bridge projects Implemented by the Kenya National Highway Agency (KeNHA). The theory of constraints (TOC) was adopted as its theoretical framework. Descriptive research was used, and the target population was 18 bridge construction projects, which were the units of analysis from 2012 to 2022. In each of these projects, 18 respondents, namely clients, consultants, contractors, engineers, environment and social guards, project managers, stakeholders, subcontractors, technical advisors, and inspectors, were included in a target population of 144 respondents. A census was conducted and a structured questionnaire was administered from which a response rate of 68% was achieved. The information was analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. The contractor-related factors considered in the study were staff and management factors. The findings indicated that staff and management factors had a positive and significant outcome on performance of bridge construction projects. The study recommends continuous training and a safe learning environment for staff to improve their skills and performance in future projects. The study also recommends that a special category for bridge contractors be created in Kenya’s National Construction Authority rankings to ensure that only qualified contractors implement the Bridge projects.

关键词： Staff Factors Management Factors Performance Bridge Projects KeNHA

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