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Early testing of insulin resistance: a tale of two lipid ratios in a group of 5th graders screened by the coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian communities Project (cARDIAc Project)

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 398-404页

作者： charles Ituka mosimah christa Lilly Awung-Njia Forbin Pamela J.murray lee Pyles Elloise Elliot William Neal West Virginia University MorgantownUSA University of Yaounde I YaoundeCameroon

Background In West Virginia (WV),47% of fifth-grade children are either overweight or *** is no clear consensus regarding the definition of insulin resistance in children,and directly measuring insulin on the population level is *** proposed measures examined further in this study include triglyceride (TRIG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio and TRIG/low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) *** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between TRIG/HDL-c ratio,TRIG/LDL-c ratio and insulin resistance in fifth-graders with acanthosis nigricans (AN).methods Between 2007 and 2016,52,545 fifth-grade students in WV were assessed for *** glucose and insulin levels were collected only for a sub-group of students who were AN-positive and was used to determine insulin resistance using the Homeostatic model for Insulin Resistance (HOmA-IR) *** analysis included t tests and logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic *** Of the students assessed for AN,4.5% (n =2360) tested *** prevalence of insulin resistance was 79% (n =814) among 1030 with AN and complete ***/HDL-c ratio and TRIG/LDL-c ratio were significantly associated with insulin resistance (TRIG/HDL-c:Est.=0.36,P c =0.68;TRIG/LDL-c:Est.=0.87,P c =0.69).multivariate analysis showed that increased body mass index (Est.=0.05,P c ratio (Est.=0.21,P cantly associated with insulin *** TRIG/HDL-c is a better surrogate marker of insulin resistance in AN-positive children compared to TRIG/ LDL-c ratio;so,on a population-level,cholesterol rather than insulin may be obtained for preliminary testing of early insulin resistance in children.

关键词： Acanthosis nigricans cARDIAc Project High-density lipoprotein cholesterol Insulin resistance Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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Framework for atomic-level characterisation of quantum computer arrays by machine learning

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npj computational materials 2020年第1期6卷 1513-1520页

作者： muhammad Usman Yi Zheng Wong charles D.Hill Lloyd c.L.Hollenberg center for Quantum computation and communication Technology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Physics University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of computing and Information Systems Melbourne School of EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of mathematics and Statistics University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Atomic-level qubits in silicon are attractive candidates for large-scale quantum computing;however,their quantum properties and controllability are sensitive to details such as the number of donor atoms comprising a qubit and their precise *** work combines machine learning techniques with million-atom simulations of scanning tunnelling microscopic(STm)images of dopants to formulate a theoretical framework capable of determining the number of dopants at a particular qubit location and their positions with exact lattice site precision.A convolutional neural network(cNN)was trained on 100,000 simulated STm images,acquiring a characterisation fidelity(number and absolute donor positions)of>98% over a set of 17,600 test images including planar and blurring noise commensurate with experimental *** formalism is based on a systematic symmetry analysis and feature-detection processing of the STm images to optimise the computational *** technique is demonstrated for qubits formed by single and pairs of closely spaced donor atoms,with the potential to generalise it for larger donor *** method established here will enable a high-precision post-fabrication characterisation of dopant qubits in silicon,with high-throughput potentially alleviating the requirements on the level of resources required for quantum-based characterisation,which will otherwise be a challenge in the context of large qubit arrays for universal quantum computing.

关键词： quantum character donor

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Achieving timely percutaneous reperfusion for rural ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients by direct transport to an urban PcI-hospital

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2016年第10期13卷 840-845页

作者： charles-Lwanga K Bennin Saif Ibrahim Farah Al-Saffar Lyndon c Box Joel A Strom Valley cardiology Fayetteville North Carolina USA Division of cardiology Department of Medicine University of Florida College of Medieine Jacksonville Jaeksonville Florida USA Division of cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Seottsdale Arizona USA West Valley medical Group Caldwell Idaho USA Florida Polytechnic University Lakeland Florida USA

Backgrounds ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEmI） guidelines recommend reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary in- tervention （PcI） ≤ 90 min from time of first medical contact （Fmc）. This strategy is challenging in rural areas lacking a nearby PcI-capable hospital. Recommended reperfusion times can be achieved for STEmI patients presenting in rural areas without a nearby PcI-capable hospital by ground transportation to a central PcI-capable hospital by use of protocol-driven emergency medical service （EmS） STEmI field triage protocol. methods Sixty STEmI patients directly transported by EmS from three rural counties （Nassau, camden and charlton counties） within a 50-mile radius of University of Florida Health-Jacksonville （UFHJ） from 01/01/2009 to 12/31/2013 were identified from its PcI registry. The STEmI field triage protocol incorporated three elements：（1） a cooperative agreement between each of the rural emergency medical service （EmS） agency and UFHJ; （2） performance of a pre-hospital EcG to facilitate STEmI identification and laboratory activation; and （3） direct transfer by ground transportation to the UFHJ cardiac catheterization laboratory. Fmc-to-device （Fmc2D）, door-to-device （D2D）, and transit times, the day of week, time of day, and EmS shift times were recorded, and odds ratio （OR） of achieving Fmc2D times was calculated. Results Fmc2D times were shorter for in-state STEmIs （81 ± 17 vs. 87± 19 min）, but D2D times were similar （37 ± 18 vs. 39 ± 21 min）. Fmc2D 〈 90 min were achieved in 82.7% in-state STEmIs compared to 52.2% for out-of-state STEmIs （OR = 4.4, 95% cI： 1.24-15.57; P = 0.018）. Fmc2D times were homogenous after adjusting for weekday vs. weekend, EmS shift times. Nine patients did not meet Fmc2D ≤ 90 min. Six were within 10 min of target; all patient achieved Fmc2D 〈 120 min. conclusions Guideline-compliant Fmc2D ≤90 min is achievable for rural STEmI patients within a 50 mile radius of a PcI-capable hospital by use of protocol-driv

关键词： myocardial infarction Percutaneous coronary intervention Systems of care

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Development of a new humane toxin for predator control in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 31-36页

作者： charles T.EASON Elaine c.mURPHY Steve HIX Duncan B.mAcmORRAN Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of EcologyLincoln UniversityLincoln connovation Limited AucklandNew Zealand Department of conservation ChristchurchNew Zealand

The endemic fauna of New Zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and *** species including possums(Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr),ship rats(Rattus rattus L.)and stoats(mustela erminea L.)are targeted to protect native *** methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons,or poisons that are linked with low welfare ***,the development of safer humane predator toxins and delivery systems is highly ***-aminopropiophenone(PAPP)is being developed as a toxin for feral cats(Felis catus L.)and *** appear to be much more susceptible to PAPP than birds,so it potentially has high target specificity,at least in New *** trials with 20 feral cats and 15 stoats have been undertaken using meat baits containing a proprietary formulation of PAPP.A PAPP dose of 20-34 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for feral cats and 37-95 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for *** assessments suggest that PAPP,for the control of feral cats and stoats,is a humane and effective *** causes methaemoglobinaemia,resulting in central nervous system anoxia,lethargy and death.

关键词： cyanide feral cat(Felis catus) para-aminopropiophenone pest control stoat(mustela erminea) welfare

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Enhancing manual P-phase arrival detection and automatic onset time picking in a noisy microseismic data in underground mines

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 683-691页

作者： mborah charles Ge maochen Department of mining and Nuclear Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology

Accurate detection and picking of the P-phase onset time in noisy microseismic data from underground mines remains a big challenge. Reliable P-phase onset time picking is necessary for accurate source location needed for planning and rescue operations in the event of failures. In this paper, a new technique based on the discrete stationary wavelet transform （DSWT）and higher order statist!cs, is proposed for processing noisy data from underground mines. The objectives of this method are to （1） Improve manual detection and tPicking of P-phase onset; and （ii） provide an automatic means of detecting and picking P-phase onset me accurately. The DSWT is first used to filter the signal over several scales. The manual P-phase onset detection and picking are then obtained by computing the signal energy across selected scales with frequency bands that capture the signal of interest. The automatic P-phase onset, on the other hand, is achieved by using skewness- and kurtosis-based criterion applied to selected scales in a time-frequency domain. The method was tested using synthetic and field data from an underground limestone mine. Results were compared with results obtained by using the short-term to long-term average （STA/LTA） ratio and that by Reference Ge et al. （2009）. The results show that the me!hod provides a more reliable estimate of the P-phase onset arrival than the STA]LTA method when the signal to noise ratio is very low. Also, the results obtained from the field data matched accurately with the results from Reference Ge et al. （2009）.

关键词： manual P-phase detection Automatic onset picking Noisy microseismic data Kurtosis Skewness

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Vegetarian diets,circulating miRNA expression and healthspan in subjects living in the Blue Zone

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Precision clinical medicine 2020年第4期3卷 245-259页

作者： Tiantian Liu Nicole m.Gatto Zhong chen Hongyu Qiu Grace lee Penelope Duerksen-Hughes Gary Fraser charles Wang center for Genomics School of MedicineLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92350USA School of community and Global Health Claremont Graduate UniversityClaremontCA 91711USA center of molecular and Translational medicine Institution of Biomedical ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30303USA Department of Psychology School of Behavioral HealthLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92350USA Department of Basic Sciences School of MedicineLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92350USA School of Public Health Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92350USA

A long-term vegetarian diet plays a role in the longevity and maintenance of the healthspan,but the underlying mechanisms for these observations are largely ***,it is not known whether a longterm vegetarian dietary pattern may affect the circulating miRNA expression in such a way as to modulate the *** Adventist Health Study-2(AHS-2)cohort includes a large number of older adults who primarily follow vegetarian dietary patterns and reside in Loma Linda,california,one of five“Blue Zones”in the world in which a higher proportion of the population enjoys a longer than average *** performedmiRNA-seq in 96 subjects selected from the AHS-2 cohort with different dietary *** identified several differentially expressed miRNAs between vegetarians and non-vegetarians,which are involved in immune response and cytokine signaling,cell growth and proliferation as well as age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative ***,our study showed that a vegetarian diet modulates aging-associated circulating miRNAs in a sex-dependent manner of differential expression for certain miRNAs,which may be related in a beneficial manner to the *** investigation is needed to validate these miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diet-modulated longevity in humans.

关键词： circulating miRNA aging miRNA sequencing vegetarian diet Blue Zone

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Species selection in hardwoods research: variations in baseline physiological responses of select temperate hardwood tree species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 285-292页

作者： Shaneka S. Lawson Paula m. Pijut charles H. michler USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC) Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC)

Drought periods are becoming more extreme worldwide and the ability of plants to contribute towards atmospheric flux is being compromised. Properly functioning stomata provide an exit for water that has been absorbed by the roots, funneled into various cell parts, and eventually released into the atmosphere via transpiration. By observing the effects that weather conditions such as climate change may have on stomatal density, distribution, and functioning, it may be possible to elucidate a portion of the mechanisms trees use to survive longer periods of water stress. This study analyzed stomatal density （SD）, stomatal conductance （gs ）, cO2 assimilation （A）, instantaneous water-use efficiency （WUEi ）, and transpiration （E） rates in six native tree species in the midwestern USA and showed that trees within the same ecotype followed similar trends, but that trees within the same family did not when exposed to identical greenhouse conditions. Naturally drought tolerant tree species demonstrated lower g s and higher WUEi , while intolerant species had higher SD. This study showed negative or no correlation between SD and g s , A, E, and WUEi and positive correlations between E and A and gs and E.

关键词： drought water stress stomatal density hardwood trees

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Interaction between animal personality and animal cognition

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current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 491-498页

作者： claudio cARERE charles LOcURTO Department of Ecology and Sustainable Economic Development Centro Ittiogenico Sperimentale Universith degli Studi della Tuscia Borgo Le Saline 01016 Tarquinia (Vt) Italy Department of Psychology College of The Holy Cross 1 College St PO Box 75A Worcester MA 01610 USA

The study of animal personality has attracted considerable attention, as it has revealed a number of similarities in personality between humans and several nonhuman species. At the same time the adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance of different personalities are the subject of debate. Since Pavlov＇s work on dogs, students of comparative cognition have been aware that animals display vast individual differences on cognitive tasks, and that these differences may not be entirely accounted for differences in cognitive abilities. Here, we argue that personality is an important source of variation that may affect cognitive performance and we hypothesise mutual influences between personality and cognition across an individual＇s lifespan. In particular, we suggest that： 1） personality profiles may be markers of different cognitive styles; 2） success or failure in cognitive tasks could affect different personalities differently; 3） ontogenetic changes of personality profiles could be reflected in changes in cognitive performance. The study of such interplay has implications in animal welfare as well as in neuroscience and in translational medicine [current Zoology 57 （4）： 491-498, 2011].

关键词： Animal personality coping style cognition

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Debugging concurrent Software： Advances and challenges

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2016年第5期31卷 861-868页

作者： Jeff Huang charles Zhang Department of computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 U.S.A. Department of computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

concurrency debugging is an extremely important yet challenging problem that has been hampering developer productivity and software reliability in the multicore era. We have worked on this problem in the past eight years and have developed several effective methods and automated tools for helping developers debugging shared memory concurrent programs. This article discusses challenges in concurrency debugging and summarizes our research contributions in four important directions： concurrency bug reproduction, detection, understanding, and fixing. It also discusses other recent advances in tackling these challenges.

关键词： debugging concurrency record and replay

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Recurrent ectopic pancreatitis of the jejunum and mesentery over a 30-year period

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第2期10卷 218-220页

作者： John cT Wong charlotte Robinson Edward c Jones Alison Harris charles Zwirewich Robert Wakefield Richard K Simons Eric m Yoshida Department of medicine Department of medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Radiology Department of medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Department of medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Surgery Department of medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Division of Gastroenterology Department of medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9

BAcKGROUND:Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position,with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas of the small bowel and mesentery causing recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, initially suspected on computed tomography(cT)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(mRcP),and confirmed on histological review of the resection. mETHODS:A 67-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms and biochemical evidence of *** had similar episodes over the past 30 years with unrevealing investigations,and was concluded to have idiopathic pancreatitis. She underwent cT and mRcP,with findings suggestive of ectopic pancreas,a diagnosis confirmed on histology of the resection. RESULTS:mRcP identified a mass in the proximal small bowel mesentery isointense to the native pancreas,with a small duct draining into a proximal jejunal *** resected specimen consisted of normal parenchyma with lobulated acinar tissue with scattered islets of Langerhans,an occasional ductular structure,and admixed areas of adipose *** patient remained asymptomatic with normal biochemistry six months post-operatively. cONcLUSION:In an individual with abdominal pain,elevated serum amylase/lipase,but imaging findings of a normal native pancreas,ectopic pancreatitis should be considered,and can be evaluated by cT and mRcP.

关键词： ectopic pancreas gastrointestinal tract endoscopic ultrasound computed tomography magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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