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Effects of Health Record Computerization in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burundi’ Hospitals: Propensity Score Matching

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Open j.urnal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 245-260页

作者： Florence Munezero charles j. sossa Glele Yolaine Ahanhanzo Leodegal Bazira National Institute of Public Health Department of Research Bujumbura Burundi University of Abomey-Calavi Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Faculty of Medicine University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Introduction: A great number of software are currently used to digitalize the patient records in order to optimize the quality of services offered to patients. The obj.ctive of this study was to evaluate the effects of Electronic Health Records use in Burundi’s hospitals, taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic context. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on difference in difference method. Ten district hospitals were included in the study, five of them had the Electronic Health Records and five of which did not yet have the Electronic Health Records. The hospital’s control group were chosen using the propensity score matching method. The period before the proj.ct’s implementation was 2014 and the period after were 2019 and 2020. Results: After 5 years of the Electronic Health Record’s implementation, the results showed an increase in outpatient consultation (70%), deliveries (more than 100%), caesarean sections (56%) and maj.r surgeries (43%) indicators. The overall quality score of hospitals’ care had a regressive effect of 37% and the income from performance-based funding had an increase by 31%. The indicators which were affected by the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were especially outpatient consultation, caesarian section, income from performance-based funding decreased by 3%, 5% and 20% respectively. Conclusion: The effects of Electronic Health Records use are effective. As the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the hospital’s indicators negatively, the resilient strategies alongside the potential shocks are recommended.

关键词： Effects Health Record Computerization COVID-19 Hospitals Propensity Score Matching

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Effects of grid size on predictions of bed expansion in bubbling fluidized beds of Geldart B particles： A generalized rule for a grid-independent solution of TFM simulations

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 61-69页

作者： M. Helal Uddin charles j. Coronella Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA

Numerical simulations of gas-solid fluidized beds based on the kinetic theory of granular flow exhibit a significant dependence on domain discretization. Bubble formation, bubble size and shape all vary greatly with the discretization, and the use of an inappropriate scale resolution leads to inaccurate predictions of fluidization hydrodynamics. In this study, grid-independent solutions of the two fluid model were examined by comparing the bed expansions obtained from numerical simulations with experimental results and empirical predictions, based on bubbling fluidized beds of Geldart B particles. Grid indepen- dence was achieved with a grid resolution equal to 18 times the particle diameter. The simulation results were compared with previously published data for verification purposes. The results of this work should provide a guideline for choosing the appropriate grid size and thereby minimize the time and expense associated with large simulations.

关键词： Mesh effectHydrodynamicsComputational fluid dynamicsEuler-Euler method MFIX

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Release, Recycle, Rebuild： Cell-Wall Remodeling, Autodegradation, and Sugar Salvage for New Wall Biosynthesis during Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： William j. Barnes charles T. Anderson Department of Biology Center for Ugnocellulose Structure and Formation The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant cell walls contain elaborate polysaccharide networks and regulate plant growth, development, mechanics, cell-cell communication and adhesion, and defense. Despite conferring rigidity to support plant structures, the cell wall is a dynamic extracellular matrix that is modified, reorganized, and degraded to tightly control its properties during growth and development. Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant cells, either via direct re-incorporation by trans- glycosylation or via internalization and metabolic salvage of wall-derived sugars to produce new precur- sors for wall synthesis. However, the physiological and metabolic contributions of wall recycling to plant growth and development are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss long-standing and recent evi- dence supporting the occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plants, make predictions regarding the develop- mental processes to which wall recycling might contribute, and identify outstanding questions and emerging experimental tools that might be used to address these questions and enhance our understanding of this poorly characterized aspect of wall dynamics and metabolism.

关键词： Plant cell walls wall degradation wall recycling wall biosynthesis

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Thermodynamic Foundation for High Temperature Electrochemistry

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 494-500页

作者： ZHANG W. E. A. charles j. Congleton Corrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UKNE1 7RU UK

Thermodynamic concepts required for the thermodynamic calculation of the potentials of electrodes for high temperature applications are briefly reviewed. A thermodynamic approach to the calculation of half cell potentials and the standard chemical potential of an electron at high temperatures which are related to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode(SHE) is discussed. As examples, an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a YSZ(Ag|O_2) pH sensor for high temperature applications are analyzed by using the thermodynamic approach to derive a high temperature pH measurement equation. The two electrodes are employed to measure high temperature pH and the measured pH was compared with the calculated pH by using a solution chemistry method. Concepts and principles for electrode kinetics are also briefly introduced and a modification to the Tafel equations is suggested.

关键词： High temperature potential Half cell potential External Ag/AgCl reference electrode Standard chemical potential of an electron High temperature pH sensor.

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The evolution of Hessian fly from the Old World to the New World： Evidence from molecular markers

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 768-784页

作者： Brandon j. Schemerhom Yan Ma Crane charles F. Crane USDA-ARS Department of Entomology Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907USA

Eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci and 11 single-nucleotide polymor- phisms were genotyped in 1 095 individual Hessian fly specimens representing 23 popula- tions from North America, southern Europe, and southwest Asia. The genotypes were used to assess genetic diversity and interrelationship of Hessian fly populations. While phyloge- netic analysis indicates that the American populations most similar to Eurasian populations come from the east coast of the United States, genetic distance is least between （Alabama and California） and （Kazakhstan and Spain）. Allelic diversity and frequency vary across North America, but they are not correlated with distance from the historically documented point of introduction in New York City or with temperature or precipitation. Instead, the greatest allelic diversity mostly occurs in areas with Mediterranean climates. The mi- crosatellite data indicate a general deficiency for heterozygotes in Hessian fly. The North American population structure is consistent with multiple introductions, isolation by dis- tance, and human-abetted dispersal by bulk transport of puparia in infested straw or on harvesting equipment.

关键词： allele frequency Hessian fly microsatellite population structure SNP SSR

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Balancing Frequencies and Fault Detection in the In-Parameter-Order Algorithm

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j.urnal of Computer Science & Technology 2015年第5期30卷 957-968页

作者：高世伟吕江花杜冰磊 charles j. Colbourn 马世龙 State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Beijing 100191 China School of Computing Informaties and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-8809 U.S.A.

The In-Parameter-Order （IPO） algorithm is a widely used strategy for the construction of software test suites for combinatorial testing （CT） whose goal is to reveal faults triggered by interactions among parameters. Variants of IPO have been shown to produce test suites within reasonable amounts of time that are often not much larger than the smallest test suites known. When an entire test suite is executed, all faults that arise from t-way interactions for some fixed t are surely found. However, when tests are executed one at a time, it is desirable to detect a fault as early as possible so that it can be repaired. The basic IPO strategies of horizontal and vertical growth address test suite size, but not the early detection of faults. In this paper, the growth strategies in IPO are modified to attempt to evenly distribute the values of each parameter across the tests. Together with a reordering strategy that we add, this modification to IPO improves the rate of fault detection dramatically （improved by 31% on average）. Moreover, our modifications always reduce generation time （2 times faster on average） and in some eases also reduce test suite size.

关键词： combinatorial testing IPO test suite generation expected time to fault detection software under test

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One hundred years of population ecology:Successes,failures and the road ahead

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 233-240页

作者： charles j.KREBS Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada and Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia

Population ecology is the most mature of the three subdisciplines of ecology partly because it has a solid mathematical foundation and partly because it can address the primary questions of distribution and abundance with experimental *** there is much left to do to integrate our population knowledge into community and ecosystem ecology to help address the global issues of food security and the conservation of *** different approaches are now being developed to bring about this integration and much more research will be necessary to decide which if any will be most useful in achieving our goals of explaining the changes we see in the distribution and abundance of animals and *** web ecology would appear to be the best approach at present because it uses the detailed information of the population ecology of particular species in combination with data on consumer-resource interactions to apply to the applied problems of biodiversity conservation,food security,pest management and disease *** we can use our understanding of population ecology to address the practical problems of our time in a creative way,we will benefit both the human population and the Earth’s *** remains to be done.

关键词： abundance geographic distributions history of ecology population models

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Invasion of the biosphere by synthetic polymers:What our current knowledge may mean for our future

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 161-164页

作者： charles j.Moore Algalita Marine Research and Education

In 1974,a member of the Council of the British Plastics Federation and a fellow of the Plastics Institute,stated that“Plastics litter is a very small proportion of all litter and causes no harm to the environment except as an eyesore”(Derraik,2002).It has taken less than fifty years for that opinion to be completely discredited,indeed,that opinion was already in doubt the moment it was ***,it was the strong denial by the plastic industry that plastics could cause harm that delayed the study of plastic’s environmental effects for *** until Moore et al.(2001)found six times as much plastic as zooplankton by weight in the surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(NPSG).

关键词： Invasion the biosphere our future

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Analysis of the displacements of pipeline overpasses based on geodetic monitoring results

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 50-71页

作者： Roman Shults Andriy Annenkov Gulnur Seitkazina Saule Soltabayeva Zhenis Kozhayev Andrii Khailak Kira Nikitenko Bohdan sossa Nataliia Kulichenko Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton49931 MIUSA Department of Applied Geodesy Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture03037 KyivUkraine Department of Mining and Geodesy K.Turysov Institute of GeologyOil and MiningSatbayev UniversityAlmatyKazakhstan

There are many approaches to address geospatial monitoring of pipeline overpasses,among which the most widespread methods are terrestrial laser scanning and total station ***,there is a problem in comparing the geospatial monitoring data collected by different methods in different *** main task of this work is to find the correspondence between points in different *** total station measurements are carried out in specific discrete points of the pipeline *** contrast,terrestrial laser scanning allows the collection of the whole data set without fixing specific point *** order to compare different data in different epochs,it is necessary to select a relevant presentation of the monitoring results(reference model)and specify appropriate criteria for quality *** general,a pipeline can be presented as a spatial *** this study,two types of reference models are considered:cubic splines and Bezier *** models are examined for the monitoring of two gas pipeline *** first measurement epoch is accomplished by the terrestrial laser scanning,and the second measurement epoch is completed by the total *** reference models are simulated by Matlab *** preliminary accuracy of ground laser scanning and total station mea-surement is selected as the criterion of quality *** simulation and comparison results provide the evidence that the correct selection of reference model is a crucial component of successful geospatial *** results show that the Hermite splines are effective in the comparison of different data *** splines present the interpolation accuracy compatible with measurement accuracy,i.e.,15-20 mm for spatial displacement determination.

关键词： Geospatial monitoring Terrestrial laser scanning Total station Pipeline

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Rodents galore:Third International Conference on Rodent Biology and Management

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第4期1卷 194-195页

作者： charles j.KREBS Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

The Third International Conference on Rodent Biology and Management was held in Hanoi,Vietnam,from 28 August to 1 September 2006,with 130 scientists from 32 countries *** focus of the conference was to bring together pure and applied scientists dealing with rodent ecology,rodent pests,and rodent conservation in one framework to encourage scientific *** conference followed highly successful conferences in Beij.ng in 1998 and in Canberra in 2003.

关键词： dealing Management encourage

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