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Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production:towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 611-625页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman RDean Boyd charles c.Elrod School of chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Hanor company FranklinKY 42134USA North carolina State University RaleighNC 27695USA Natural Biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA.

Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig ***-chain fatty acids(McFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial *** this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of McFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed *** molecular properties and biological functions of McFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig *** latest progress in testing McFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are *** utilization of McFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery ***,we discuss how McFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease *** forward,we envision that McFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.

关键词： Antibiotics Feed pathogen mitigation Growth promotion Gut health Immune enhancement McFA Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

SYNTHESIS OF EXFOLIATED ISOTAcTIc POLYPROPYLENE/FUNcTIONAL ALkYL-TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM-MODIFIED cLAY NANOcOMPOSITES BY IN SITU POLYMERIZATION

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第11期31卷 1501-1508页

作者： kai Du 贺爱华 Fu-yong Bi charles c.Han Fine chemicals Department Beijing Research Institute of Chemical IndustrySINOPEC State key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and MaterialsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology State key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and MaterialsBeijingNational Laboratory for Molecular ScienceInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Diphenyl （4-hydroxyphenyl） hexadecyl phosphonium bromide （POH） -modified montmorillonite （POHMMT） was used to prepare a novel Tic14/Mgc12/POHMMT compound catalyst and exfoliated iPP/POHMMT nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization of propylene with the Tic14/Mgc12/POHMMT compound catalyst. The POH surfactants don＇t change the catalytic characteristic of the Z-N catalyst and the obtained PP presents high isotacticity, normal molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The WAXD, SAXS and TEM results demonstrate the highly exfoliated iPP/POHMMT nanocomposites were produced by the in situ polymerization with this novel catalyst, while the intercalated iPP/Na＋MMT nanocomposites were produced with the Tic14/Mgc12/Na＋MMT compound catalyst. Through this approach, in situ propylene polymerization can actually take place between the silicate layers and lead not only to PP with high isotacticity and molecular weight, but also to highly exfoliated PP nanocomposites.

关键词： clay Nanocomposites Poly(propylene) (PP) Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

Scalable Methods for Device Patterning as an Outstanding challenge in Translating Paper-Based Microfluidics from the Academic Benchtop to the Point-of-care

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第1期3卷 50-60页

作者： Jessica c.Brooks charles R.Mace Department of chemistry Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer unparalleled adaptability for the development of low-cost,point-of-care analytical *** potential for these devices to drastically improve access to healthcare around the globe is obvious,but very few tests have found success in clinical ***,we identify manufacturing-specifically,methods to pattern paper devices at large scales-as a major barrier to translating prototype paper-based devices from the academic benchtop to the *** introduce current methods used to pattern papers and discuss their utility as means to prototype and manufacture paper-based devices.

关键词： Paper-based microfluidics μPAD Point-of-care Diagnostics Manufacturing

computing the Smallest Eigenvalue of Large Ill-conditioned Hankel Matrices

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communications in computational Physics 2015年第6期18卷 104-124页

作者： Niall Emmart Yang chen charles c.Weems college of Information and computer Science University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01002USA Department of Mathematics University of MacaoMacaoChina

This paper presents a parallel algorithm for finding the smallest eigenvalue of a family of Hankel matrices that are *** matrices arise in random matrix theory and require the use of extremely high precision ***,we find that a group of commonly-used approaches that are designed for high efficiency are actually less efficient than a direct approach for this class of *** then develop a parallel implementation of the algorithm that takes into account the unusually high cost of individual arithmetic *** approach combines message passing and shared memory,achieving near-perfect scalability and high tolerance for network *** are thus able to find solutions for much larger matrices than previously possible,with the potential for extending this work to systems with greater levels of *** contributions of this work are in three areas:determination that a direct algorithm based on the secant method is more effective when extreme fixed-point precision is required than are the algorithms more typically used in parallel floating-point computations;the particular mix of optimizations required for extreme precision large matrix operations on a modern multi-core cluster,and the numerical results themselves.

关键词： Parallel eigensolver Hankel matrices extremely ill-conditioned matrices

Dispersion of particles in the coatings characterized by laser scanning confocal micrscopy(LScM) I:Vertical dispersion of particles in the coatings and the weathering property studied by orthogonal analysis method of LScM

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 2247-2251页

作者： HAN charles c. SUNG Li-Piin cLERIcI cyril State key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Polymeric Materials Group Building and Fire Research LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 200899USA

Two kinds of TiO2 filled epoxy coatings were designed and prepared to obtain pigments with different dispersion degrees of TiO2 *** scanning confocal microscope（LScM）was used to investigate both the horizontal and vertical distributions of TiO2 particles in the *** results indicated that TiO2 in the two samples shared considerable similarity in horizental dispersion,but exhibited great difference in vertical ***2 showed uniform vertical distribution in disp coating,wheras a gap about 1.1μm was found in the non-disp coating,which significantly influenced the surface optical properties of the coatings during *** on the confocal data,the model of dispersion of pigments in the coatings was proposed and the change of surface properties during weathering was predicted:the surface optical properties showed an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase,which was in good agreement with the weathering data.

关键词： laser scanning confocal microscope(LScM) TiO 2 epoxy coatings vertical dispersion of particles

A framework for the extended evaluation of ABAc policies

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cybersecurity 2019年第1期2卷 117-137页

作者： charles Morisset Tim A.c.Willemse Nicola Zannone Newcastle University NewcastleTyneUK Eindhoven University of Technology P.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhovenNetherlands

A main challenge of attribute-based access control(ABAc)is the handling of missing *** studies have shown that the way standard ABAc mechanisms,*** on XAcML,handle missing information is flawed,making ABAc policies vulnerable to attribute-hiding *** work has addressed the problem of missing information in ABAc by introducing the notion of extended evaluation,where the evaluation of a query considers all queries that can be obtained by extending the initial *** method counters attribute-hiding attacks,but a na飗e implementation is intractable,as it requires an evaluation of the whole query *** this paper,we present a framework for the extended evaluation of ABAc *** framework relies on Binary Decision Diagram(BDDs)data structures for the efficient computation of the extended evaluation of ABAc *** also introduce the notion of query constraints and attribute value power to avoid evaluating queries that do not represent a valid state of the system and to identify which attribute values should be considered in the computation of the extended evaluation,*** illustrate our framework using three real-world policies,which would be intractable with the original method but which are analyzed in seconds using our framework.

关键词： Attribute-based access control Policy evaluation Missing attributes Attribute power Attribute-hiding attacks

cLUSTERING PATENTS USING NON-EXHAUSTIVE OVERLAPS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第2期19卷 162-181页

作者： charles V. TRAPPEY Amy J.c. TRAPPEY chun-Yi WU Department of Management Science National Chiao Tung University Taiwan China Department of Industrial Engineering & Management National Taipei University of Technology Taiwan China Department of lndustrial Engineering & Engineering Management National Tsing Hua University Taiwan China

Patent documents are unique external sources of information that reveal the core technology underlying new inventions. Patents also serve as a strategic data source that can be mined to discover state-of-the-art technical development and subsequently help guide R＆D investments. This research incorporates an ontology schema to extract and represent patent concepts. A clustering algorithm with non-exhaustive overlaps is proposed to overcome deficiencies with exhaustive clustering methods used in patent mining and technology discovery. The non-exhaustive clustering approach allows for the clustering of patent documents with overlapping technical findings and claims, a feature that enables the grouping of patents that define related key innovations. Legal advisors can use this approach to study potential cases of patent infringement or devise strategies to avoid litigation. The case study demonstrates the use of non-exhaustive overlaps algorithm by clustering US and Japan radio frequency identification （RFID） patents and by analyzing the legal implications of automated discovery of patent infringement.

关键词： Data mining patent analysis patent infringement non-exhaustive overlap clustering ontology schema

Inhibition of African swine fever virus in liquid and feed by medium-chain fatty acids and glycerol monolaurate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 569-578页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman Astghik Hakobyan Hovakim Zakaryan charles c.Elrod School of chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms Institute of Molecular Biology of NASYerevanArmenia Natural Biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA. Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high *** has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients,along with drinking water,can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ***,it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible,antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in *** promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids(McFA)and monoglyceride derivatives,which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and ***:The antiviral activities of selected McFA,namely caprylic,capric,and lauric acids,and a related monoglyceride,glycerol monolaurate(GML),to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed *** assays showed that all tested McFA and GML inhibit *** was more potent than McFA because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral ***-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min,as determined by infectious viral titer ***-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein,which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane ***:Together,the findings in this study indicate that McFA and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed,which may help to curb disease tr

关键词： African swine fever virus Antiviral Feed pathogen mitigation McFA Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

cloning,Sequencing and characterization of 3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase Encoding Gene(bdh A)in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 Strain

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Agricultural Sciences in china 2002年第9期1卷 1034-1042页

作者： charles Trevor c Biology Department University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada

The current study describes the molecular characterization of a clone which can restore the ability of bdh A mutant strains NGRPA2 and Rm11107 to utilize 3-hydroxybutyrate as a sole carbon source (Hbu+ ). This clone was screened out by complementation experiment from Bradyrhizobium japonicum US-DAI 10 genomic library, and the presence of bdhA gene in the clone was verified by Bdh assay and Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, the entire sequence of bdhA. gene was sequenced and the sequence was deposited in GenBank database under the accession number AY077581. bdhA gene comprises 789 base pairs and encodes Bdh with 262 amino acid of MW 27.59 kDa. Interposon Jlkm was inserted into the bdhA ORF at EcoR I site and the bdhA mutant was constructed in B .japonicum by homologous recombination. Plant assay result did not show obvious effects of mutation of bdhA gene on nodulation and nitrogen-fixation.

关键词： Bradyrhizobium japonicum bdhA gene Bdh PHB