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Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald r. Smith charles r. Long Francis M. rouquette, Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural reference Index for Drought (ArID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ArID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ArID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald r. Smith charles r. Long Francis M. rouquette Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, primarily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be remarkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural reference Index for Drought (ArID). Being plant physiology-based, ArID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ArID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ArID Drought Drought index Growth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

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An Analysis of Liberia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Context of Least Developed Countries (LDCs): A review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 230-250页

作者： charles Flomo Togbah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resource reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Shanghai China

Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.

关键词： Least Developed Countries Liberia Climate Change Vulnerability Poverty Hunger Disease research and Development (r&D) Adaptation

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The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia(NH_(3)) as Observed by the HIrAS/FY-3D Satellite

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 379-390页

作者： Minqiang ZHOU Zhili DENG charles rOBErT Xingying ZHANG Lu ZHANG Yapeng WANG Chengli QI Pucai WANG Martine De MAZIÈrE Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy(BIrA-IASB) Brussels 1180Belgium National Satellite Meteorology Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Science&Technology and Climate Change China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIrAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIrAS instrument. The HIrAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIrAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(r) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIrAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.

关键词： ammonia HIrAS/FY-3D satellite thermal-infrared observation remote sensing optimal estimation method

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper ryan T.Elder raveena r.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro rylie M.roddick Jae Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord *** much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury,there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels,and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a mild contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or complete transection,7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury,and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex *** demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury,while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development,increased more than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a mild injury,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male *** conclusion,pro-inflammatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell charles r.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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男性运动员睡眠障碍的神经机制探究:基于复杂网络模型

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中国体育科技 2024年第2期60卷 11-20页

作者：李秦陇车开萱 charles JSteward 赵丽周越北京体育大学北京100084 考文垂大学英国考文垂CV15FB

目的:通过使用无目标不加权及目标加权的复杂网络模型方法,分析睡眠障碍运动员睡前神经机能状态与睡眠质量的复杂作用方式,揭示运动员发生睡眠障碍的神经机能状态特征。方法:在睡眠实验室内使用多导睡眠仪监测14名男性睡眠障碍运动员4... 详细信息

目的:通过使用无目标不加权及目标加权的复杂网络模型方法,分析睡眠障碍运动员睡前神经机能状态与睡眠质量的复杂作用方式,揭示运动员发生睡眠障碍的神经机能状态特征。方法:在睡眠实验室内使用多导睡眠仪监测14名男性睡眠障碍运动员4晚完整睡眠,并在睡前使用便携式脑电仪、超慢波涨落潮技术、Polar H10心率胸带和心境状态量表,分别测试或评估中枢机能状态、脑内神经递质水平、自主神经状态以及情绪状态。基于测试数据分别建立无目标不加权,以及以睡眠质量为目标的加权复杂网络模型。结果:1)无目标不加权的复杂网络模型中,介数中心性结果提示,慌乱、精力和愤怒情绪、α抑制%、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺、相邻窦性r-r间期差值大于50 ms所占百分比(PNN50)、平均r-r间隔、平均心率(MHr)和睡眠总时间是此网络的关键影响节点。特征向量中心性分析结果显示,上述指标中除PNN50、NE和MHr外,抑郁、紧张和疲劳情绪与其他指标仍是网络的重要连接节点。2)在以睡眠质量为目标的加权复杂网络模型中,目标介数中心性结果发现,情绪状态在到达睡眠质量指标的最短路径中出现频率最高(48.57%),其次神经递质和睡眠指标频率相同(14.29%),而中枢神经机能状态和自主神经状态出现的频率最低(11.43%)。目标特征向量中心性结果表明,情绪状态成为影响睡眠质量最重要的影响因素,出现频率为82.86%,其次是自主神经状态出现频率为8.57%,而中枢神经机能状态、神经递质和睡眠指标出现频率相同(2.86%)。结论:运动员睡眠障碍的主要表现为总时长短,睡眠期间觉醒时间长导致睡眠效率低。复杂网络模型方法揭示了情绪(主要为消极情绪)是睡眠质量低和睡眠障碍发生的主要影响节点和关键因素,其中愤怒、慌乱情绪与脑内神经递质(5-HT和DA)、中枢疲劳程度相关,中枢疲劳程度和自主神经协调性与精力状态相关。

关键词：睡眠质量情绪状态神经系统复杂网络模型

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Unveiling hidden outcomes in malignant gastric outlet obstruction research–insights from a"Pancreas 2000"review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第8期16卷 451-461页

作者： Filipe Vilas-Boas Giacomo Emanuele Maria rizzo charles De Ponthaud Stuart robinson Sebastien Gaujoux Gabriele Capurso Giuseppe Vanella Bahadır Bozkırlı Department of Gastroenterology São João University HospitalPorto 4200Portugal Endoscopy Service Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic ServicesScientific Institute for ResearchHospitalization and Healthcare-The Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Highly Specialized TherapiesPalermo 90127SiciliaItaly Department of Digestive Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver TransplantationAP-HP Pitié-SalpêtriereSorbonne UniversitéParis 75013Île-de-FranceFrance Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryFreeman HospitalNewcastle NE77DNNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom Division of Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilano 20132Italy Department of General Surgery HPB-UnitAcıbadem Maslak HospitalIstanbul 34398Türkiye

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction(mGOO)is a major condition affecting patients with periampullary tumors,including pancreatic *** current treatment options include surgical gastroenterostomy,endoscopic stenting and more recently EUS-guided *** studies comparing the outcomes of the three procedures focus on technical success,clinical success and ***“occult”outcomes relevant to the patient’s viewpoints and perspective may ultimately impact on cancer-related and overall survival,such as body mass composition,nutritional biomarkers,chemotherapy tolerance and patient-reported quality of *** aim of this review is to provide an overview of potential key outcomes that should be explored in future comparative research around mGOO treatment options.

关键词： Malignant gastric outlet obstruction Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy Patient-reported outcomes Body composition Nutrition Quality of life

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Factors Associated with Overweight among Workers of the Ministry of Labor and Public Service in Benin in 2023

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 299-318页

作者： Lucile T. S. Bedie Toïhen Géraud Padonou charles Jérôme Sossa Bayédjè Evrard Koutchoro Sègnon Eurydice Elvire Djossou Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Tokpanoude Badirou Aguemon Ministry of Labor and Public Service Cotonou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

Introduction: The problem of excess weight is pandemic and affects the majority of nations, regardless of their level of development. However, the prevalence of overweight among workers in Benin is very poorly documented. To fill this gap, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight among workers of the Ministry of Labor and Public Service (MTFP) in 2023 in Benin. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical purposes carried out from August 16 to December 17, 2023, among MINISTrY OF LABOr AND PUBLIC SErVICE staff. The variables studied were overweight, sociodemographic, occupational and dietary characteristics, lifestyle, anthropometric factors and family history of obesity. An exhaustive recruitment of workers meeting our inclusion criteria and a questionnaire survey was carried out. Data were analyzed using r 4.0.4 software. A bivariate analysis followed by a multivariable analysis made it possible to identify the factors associated with overweight at the p results: In total, 379 workers were included in our study. The average age of the surveyed workers was 44.86 years ± 7.67 years, with 202 (53.30%) workers at least 45 years old. Men predominated with a number of 228 (60.16%). The prevalence of overweight was 63.32% (95% CI: [58.23 - 68.15]) and the associated factors after multivariate analysis were: female sex (Ora = 4.00;95% CI [2.11 - 7.76];p Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight is high among ministry of labor and public service workers. Education and awareness in the professional environment on the prevention and management of risk factors are essential for a long-term impact on a notable regression of this public health phenomenon.

关键词： Overweight Associated Factors Workers-Benin

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骨骼干细胞表观遗传调控的新证据（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期 2004-2006页

作者：赵黎明肖骏 charles K.F.Chan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are crucial for skeletal development and regeneration, yet the epigenetic regulation of these cells remains poorly understood. recent studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape across the developmental trajectory of SSCs,highlighting the involvement of Ptip in regulating SSC *** skeletal system undergoes dynamic remodeling throughout life. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs), residing within the skeleton and lineage-restricted, serve as a cellular reserve to foster development and maintain skeletal homeostasis. Historically categorized within the broader mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), SSCs have been differentiated due to MSCs’ recognized heterogeneity, which has generated inconsistencies and controversies in the field [1].

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