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Women and youths participation in agroforestry:What counts and what doesn’t around Mount Elgon,Uganda?

Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第12期18卷 3306-3320页

作者： GALABUZI charles AGABA Hillary OKIA Clement Akias ODOUL Judith MUTHURI Catherine National Forestry Resources Research Institute(NaFORRI) Kampala 1752Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) Entebbe 295Uganda World Agroforestry Uganda Country OfficeKampala 2641Uganda World Agroforestry United Nations AvenueNairobi 30677Kenya Department of Environmental Sciences Muni UniversityArua 725Uganda

The increase in global climate change incidents is a glaring indication that more pragmatic and direct approaches to tree and forest management are urgently needed.A study was conducted around Mount Elgon Uganda between June 2018 and December *** objectives were to:i)determine the socio-economic characteristics of women and youth farmers engaged in agroforestry,ii)determine the relationship between women and youth farmers’characteristics in adoption of tree technologies and related decisions,and iii)assess the incentives,challenges and strategies for promoting agroforestry technologies’adoption in the *** were collected from 250 women and youths using focus group discussions,semi-structured,and key informant *** showed that engagements in agroforestry practices attracted largely(82%)of uneducated women and youths and basic methods and tools were used to *** to 70%of women and youth relied on crop farming as a major source of income,earning about USD$250 *** and family size were positively(p>0.0001)related to tree adoption decisions while farmer capacity building activities(such as training,farmer guided field tours,and participatory farmer trial’s establishments)and access to low-cost tree seedlings motivated their involvement in tree *** scarcity,soil,water,and tree conservation issues and shortage of desired tree species affected the extent of tree growing in both women and youth-led *** suggested strategies comprised strengthening farmer capacity-building programs and upholding soil and water conservation *** has the potential to address the challenges related to land scarcity and shortage of desired tree products in women and youth-led households around Mount ***,the women and youths involved in farming activities were generally poor,illiterate and faced issues of land *** factors,limited their full potential and interest in agroforestry.A significant incr

关键词： Agroforestry trees Farmer decisions Farmer participation Livelihoods East African highlands

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Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 165-169页

作者： Angela R Mays Michael L Looper Benjamin C Williamson Kenneth p Coffey Wayne K Coblentz Glen E Aiken charles F Rosenkrans Jr Department of Animal Science University of ArkansasFayetteville AR 72701 USA Department of Agricultural Sciences Morehead StateUniversity327 Reed Hall Morehead KY 40351 USA USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research CenterMarshfield WI 54449 USA USDA-ARS Forage Animal Production Research UnitLexingtonKY 40546 USA

Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production ***-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two *** were weighed at midpoint and termination of *** behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each *** yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（pRL） were ***： Grazing behavior was influenced（p 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed *** × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the ***-influenced heifers had faster EV（p 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（p 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed *** grazing NT pastures were heavier（p 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and *** × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（p 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT *** interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum pRL（p 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum pRL were associated with grazing *** grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（ADG） in *** of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle prod

关键词： Cattle Endophyte-infected tall fescue Grazing behavior prolactin Temperament

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parastomal hernia repair

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plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 402-412页

作者： Jeffrey Michael Smith Sahil K.Kapur Alexander F.Mericli Donald p.Baumann charles E.Butler Department of plastic Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

Despite significant advances in abdominal wall reconstruction,parastomal hernias remain a complex problem,with a high risk of recurrence following *** a number of surgical hernia repair techniques have been proposed,there is no consensus on optimal *** clinical variables must be considered when developing a comprehensive repair plan that minimizes the likelihood of hernia recurrence and surgical site *** this review,we describe the incidence of parastomal hernias and discuss pertinent risk factors,medical history findings,physical examination findings,supplementary diagnostic modalities,parastomal hernia classification systems,surgical indications,and repair *** consideration is given to the discussion of mesh reinforcement,including available biomaterials,anatomic plane selection,and the extent of mesh *** open repairs are the primary focus of this article,minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic approaches are also briefly *** is our hope that the provided surgical outcome data will help guide surgical management and optimize outcomes for affected patients.

关键词： Abdominal wall reconstruction parastomal hernia stoma biologic mesh synthetic mesh polypropylene acellular dermal matrix

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Interference from HONO in the measurement of ambient air NO2 via photolytic conversion and quantification of NO

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第9期33卷 184-193页

作者： Nicholas J.Gingerysty charles A.Odame-Ankrah Nick Jordan Hans D.Osthoff Department of Chemistry University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 1N4Canada Global Analyzer Systems Ltd. Calgary AB T2E 7L6Canada

The reference method to quantify mixing ratios of the criteria air pollutant nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)) is NO-O_(3) chemiluminescence(CL), in which mixing ratios of nitric oxide(NO) are measured by sampling ambient air directly, and mixing ratios of NO_(x)(= sum of NO and NO_(2))are measured by converting NO_(2) to NO using, for example, heated molybdenum catalyst or,more selectively, photolytic conversion(p-CL).In this work, the nitrous acid(HONO) interference in the measurement of NO_(2) by p-CL was *** with two photolytic NO2 converters are *** first used radiation centered at 395 nm, a wavelength region commonly utilized in *** second used light at 415 nm, where the overlap with the HONO absorption spectrum and hence its photolysis rate are *** ratios of NO_(2),NO_(x) and HONO entering and exiting the converters were quantified by Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy(TD-CRDS).Both converters exhibited high NO_(2) conversion efficiency(CF_(NO2);> 90%) and partial conversion of *** of CF against flow rate were consistent with photolysis frequencies of 4.2 s^(-1) and 2.9 s^(-1) for NO_(2) and 0.25 s^(-1) and 0.10 s^(-1) for HONO at 395 nm and 415 nm, *** larger than predicted from the overlap of the emission and HONO absorption *** results imply that measurements of NO2 by p-CL marginally but systematically overestimate true NO_(2) concentrations,and that this interference should be considered in environments with high HONO:NO_(2) ratios such as the marine boundary layer or in biomass burning plumes.

关键词： photolytic conversion of NO_(2) HONO interference

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Response to endoscopic therapy for biliary anastomotic strictures in deceased versus living donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第5期12卷 488-493页

作者： Calvin HY Chan Fergal Donnellan Michael F Byrne Alan Coss Mazhar Haque Holly Wiesenger charles H Scudamore Urs p Steinbrecher Alan A Weiss Eric M Yoshida Division of Gastroenterology General Hospital University of British Columbia Department of Surgery Vancouver General Hospital University of British Columbia

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic therapy has been successful in the management of biliary complications after both deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT) and living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).LDLT is thought to be associated with higher rates of biliary complications,but there are few studies comparing the success of endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures between the two *** study aims to compare our experience in the endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures in DDLT versus ***:This is a retrospective database review of all liver transplant patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCp) after liver *** frequency of anastomotic stricture and the time to develop and to resolve anastomotic stricture were compared between DDLT and *** response of anastomotic stricture to endoscopic therapy was also ***:A total of 362 patients underwent liver transplantation between 2003 and 2011,with 125 requiring ERCp to manage biliary ***-three(9.9%) cases of DDLT and 8(27.6%) of LDLT(p=0.01) were found to have anastomotic *** comparing DDLT and LDLT,there was no difference in the mean time to the development of anastomotic strictures(98±17 vs 172±65 days,p=0.11),likelihood of response to ERCp [22(66.7%) vs 6(75.0%),p=0.69],mean time to the resolution of anastomotic strictures(268±77 vs 125±37 days,p=0.34),and the number of ERCps required to achieve resolution(3.9±0.4 vs 4.7±0.9,p=0.38).CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic therapy is effective in the majority of biliary complications relating to liver *** strictures occur more frequently in LDLT compared with DDLT,with equivalent endoscopic treatment response and outcomes for both groups.

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography liver transplantation biliary tract surgical procedures biliary tree liver failure

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protein kinase small molecule inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: Medicinal chemistry/clinical perspectives

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第4期5卷 496-503页

作者： charles J Malemud David E Blumenthal The Arthritis Research Laboratory Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatic Diseases Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106-5076 United States Department of Anatomy Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106-5076 United States School of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Veteran’s Administration Medical Center Cleveland OH 44106 United States

Medicinal chemistry strategies have contributed to the development, experimental study of and clinical trials assessment of the first type of protein kinase small molecule inhibitor to target the Janus kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription(JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. The orally administered small molecule inhibitor, tofacitinib, is the first drug to target the JAK/STAT pathway for entry into the armamentarium of the medical therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. The introduction of tofacitinib into general rheumatologic practice coupled with increasing understanding that additional cellular signal transduction pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapa-mycin pathways as well as spleen tyrosine kinase also contribute to immune-mediated inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis makes it likely that further development of orally administered protein kinase small molecule inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis will occur in the near future.

关键词： Clinical trials protein kinase Signal transduction Small molecule inhibitor Rheumatoid arthritis

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phospholipon 90H(p90H)-based pEGylated microscopic lipospheres delivery system for gentamicin:an antibiotic evaluation

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第11期2卷 889-894页

作者： Mumuni Audu Momoh charles Okechukwu Esimone Drug Delivery Research Unit Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and BiotechnologyNnamdi Azikiwe University Awka

Objective:To formulate gentamicin liposphere by solvent-melting method using lipids and polyethylene glycol 4000(pEG-4000) for oral ***:Gentamicin lipospheres were prepared by melt-emulsification using 30%w/w phospholipon(?) 90H in Beeswax as the lipid matrix containing *** lipospheres were characterized by evaluating on encapsulation efficiency,loading capacity,change in pH and the release profile. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa. Salmonella paratyphii and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion ***: photomicrographs revealed spherical particles within a micrometer range with minimal growth after 1 *** release of gentamicin in vitro varied widely with the pEC-4000 contents. Moreover,significant(p>0.05) amount of gentamicin was released in vivo from the formulation. The encapsulation and loading capacity were all high,indicating the ability of the lipids to take up the *** antimicrobial activities were very high especially against pseudomonas compare to other test *** strongly suggested that the formulation retain its bioactive ***:This study strongly suggest that the issue of gentamicin stability and poor absorption in oral formulation could be adequately addressed by tactical engineering of lipid drug delivery systems such as lipospheres.

关键词： Gentamicin polyethylene glycol Lipospheres Drug release

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Unexpected discovery of 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated infracentimetic adenomatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第30期14卷 4830-4833页

作者： Hervé Laumonier Anne Rullier Jean Saric charles Balabaud paulette Bioulac-Sage Department of Radiology Hpital Saint André CHU Bordeaux Department of pathology Hpital Pellegrin CHU Bordeaux Department of Surgery Hpital Saint André CHU Bordeaux Department of Hepatology Hpital Saint André CHU Bordeaux

We present 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)-mutated adenomatosis, discovered for reasons unrelated to this disease, and identified using immunohistochemical methods. These new tools may further our understanding of the link between adenomas/adenomatosis subtypes and their complications, and their association with other abnormalities.

关键词： Hepatocellular adenoma Adenomatosis Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α mutation β-catenin mutation Focal nodular hyperplasia

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Isolated micropenis reveals partial androgen insensitivity syndrome confirmed by molecular analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第4期12卷 561-566页

作者： Amrit Bhangoo Francoise paris pascal philibert Francoise Audran Svetlana Ten charles Sultan pediatric Endocrinology Division of Maimonides Infants and Children＇s Hospital of Brooklyn Children＇s Hospital at SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY 11219 USA Endocrme Service Hopital Lapeyronie Central University Hospital of Montpellier 34295 Montpellier cedex 5 France

partial androgen insensitivity syndrome （pAIS） is the milder variant of androgen receptor （AR） defects. The subtle effects of AR mutations present in a patient with micropenis, peno-scrotal hypospadias, infertility, clitoromegaly and posterior labial fusion. We studied the association of isolated micropenis with the genetic defects resulting in androgen resistance, that is, AR gene defects and 5-α reductase type 2 （SRD5A2） deficiency. We describe two cases of isolated micropenis： one in a 14-year-old boy and the other in a 3-year-old boy who was followed until he was 10 years old. There were no findings of hypospadias, cryptorchidism or gynecomastia in either of these patients. Serum gonadotrophin and androgen levels were obtained and karyotyping was done. Human chorionic gonadotropin （hCG） stimulation testing assessed the functional capacity of the testes. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, and all exons of the SRD5A2 and AR genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. In both patients, baseline testosterone （T） level was low and the values were elevated after hCG testing. The sequence of the SRD5A2 gene was normal in patient 1, and a heterozygous polymorphism, V89L, was found in patient 2. Two known mutations, p390S and A870V, were identified in patients 1 and 2, respectively. Mutations in the AR gene can be associated with isolated micropenis without other features of pAIS, such as hypospadias or gynecomastia. This underlines the importance of including AR gene analysis in the evaluation of isolated micropenis with normal plasma T to ensure proper management of the patient and appropriate genetic counseling for the family.

关键词： androgen receptor gynecomastia isolated micropenis male infertility

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Strain-induced resonances in the dynamical quadratic magnetoelectric response of multiferroics

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1156-1161页

作者： S.Omid Sayedaghaee charles paillard Sergey prosandeev Bin Xu Laurent Bellaiche physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA Microelectronics-photonics program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA Laboratoire Structures Propriétés et Modélisation des SolidesCentraleSupélecCNRS UMR 8580UniversitéParis-Saclay91190 Gifsur-YvetteFrance Institute of physics and physics Department of Southern Federal University Rostov-na-Donu 344090Russia School of physical Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215006China

For the last few years,the research interest in magnetoelectric(ME)effect,which is the cross-coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic ordering in multiferroic materials,has experienced a significant *** extensive recent studies are not only conducted towards the design of sensors,actuators,transducers,and memory devices by taking advantage of the cross-control of polarization(or magnetization)by magnetic(or electric)fields,but also aim to create a clearer picture in understanding the sources of ME responses and the novel effects associated with *** we derive analytical models allowing to understand the striking and novel dynamics of ME effects in multiferroics and further confirm it with atomistic ***,the role of strain is revealed to lead to the existence of electroacoustic magnons,a new quasiparticle that mixes acoustic and optical phonons with magnons,which results in resonances and thus a dramatic enhancement of magnetoelectric ***,a unique aspect of the dynamical quadratic ME response under a magnetic field with varying frequencies,which is the second harmonic generation(SHG),has not been discussed prior to the present *** SHGs put emphasis on the fact that nonlinearities should be considered while dealing with such systems.

关键词： quadratic dynamical resonance

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