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Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第32期23卷 5994-6002页

作者： Sophie Restellini Omar Kherad Talat Bessissow charles ménard myriam martel maryam Taheri Tanjani Peter L Lakatos Alan N Barkun division of gastroenterology department of medicine mcgill university health center division of internal medicine department of medicine la tour hospital and university of geneva division of gastroenterology department of medicine university of sherbrooke department of family medicine queens universitykingston department of clinical epidemiology mcgill university and the mcgill university health center

AIm To performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine any possible differences in terms of effectiveness, safety and tolerability between existing colon-cleansing products in patients with inflammatory bowel *** Systematic searches were performed( January 1980-September 2016) using mEDLINE, EmBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge for randomized trials assessing preparations with or without adjuvants, given in split and non-split dosing, and in high(> 3 L) or low-volume(2 L or less) regimens. Bowel cleansing quality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included patient willingness-torepeat the procedure and side effects/*** Out of 439 citations, 4 trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria(n = 449 patients). One trial assessed the impact of adding simethicone to polyethylene glycol(PEG) 4 L with no effect on bowel cleansing quality, but a better tolerance. Another trial compared senna to castor oil, again without any differences in term of bowel cleansing. Two trials compared the efficacy of PEG high-volume vs PEG low-volume associated to an adjuvant in split-dose regimens: PEG low-dose efficacy was not different to PEG high-dose; OR = 0.84(0.37-1.92). A higher proportion of patients were willing to repeat low-volume preparations vs high-volume; OR = 5.11(1.31-20.0). CONCLUSION In inflammatory bowel disease population, PEG lowvolume regimen seems not inferior to PEG high-volume to clean the colon, and yields improved willingness-torepeat. Further additional research is urgently required to compare contemporary products in this population.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Polyethylene glycol Colonoscopy meta-analysis

RABL-regulated pathways： a new tale in sperm function

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 87-88页

作者： charles m Allan ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Universityof Sydney Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

mammalian sperm have a specialized motile flagellum to provide the unidirectional propulsion required to achieve fertilisation of the egg. Defective flagella development and/or function is a significant cause of reduced sperm motility （asthenospermia） and male infertility. Over the past decade, a growing number of distinct proteins with crucial roles in sperm flagella have been identified by genetic loss-offunction approaches in mice, in which the deliberately engineered or spontaneous mutation of individual genes have lead to anomalies in sperm tail assembly,

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Nanoscience and the nano-bioelectronics frontier

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Nano Research 2015年第1期8卷 1-22页

作者： Xiaojie Duan charles m. Lieber Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

This review describes work presented in the 2014 inaugural Tsinghua University Press-Springer Nano Research Award lecture, as well as current and future opportunities for nanoscience research at the interface with brain science. First, we briefly summarize some of the considerations and the research journey that has led to our focus on bottom-up nanoscale science and technology. Second, we recapitulate the motivation for and our seminal contributions to nanowire- based nanoscience and technology, including the rational design and synthesis of increasingly complex nanowire structures, and the corresponding broad range of ＂applications＂ enabled by the capability to control structure, com- position and size from the atomic level upwards. Third, we describe in more detail nanowire-based electronic devices as revolutionary tools for brain science, including （i） motivation for nanoelectronics in brain science, （ii） demonstration of nanowire nanoelectronic arrays for high-spatial/high-temporal resolution extracellular recording, （iii） the development of fundamentally-new intracellular nanoelectronic devices that approach the sizes of single ion channels, （iv） the introduction and demonstration of a new paradigm for innervating cell networks with addressable nanoelectronic arrays in three-dimensions. Last, we conclude with a brief discussion of the exciting and potentially transformative advances expected to come from work at the nanoelectronics-brain interface.

关键词： one-dimensional materials two-dimensional materials nanowires carbon nanotubes bottom-up paradigm nanoelectronics nanoelectronic arrays neural probes electrophysiolog35neural circuits brain activity map chronic recording and stimulation brain-machine interfaces

Effects of grid size on predictions of bed expansion in bubbling fluidized beds of Geldart B particles： A generalized rule for a grid-independent solution of TFm simulations

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 61-69页

作者： m. Helal Uddin charles J. Coronella Department of Chemical and materials Engineering University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA

Numerical simulations of gas-solid fluidized beds based on the kinetic theory of granular flow exhibit a significant dependence on domain discretization. Bubble formation, bubble size and shape all vary greatly with the discretization, and the use of an inappropriate scale resolution leads to inaccurate predictions of fluidization hydrodynamics. In this study, grid-independent solutions of the two fluid model were examined by comparing the bed expansions obtained from numerical simulations with experimental results and empirical predictions, based on bubbling fluidized beds of Geldart B particles. Grid indepen- dence was achieved with a grid resolution equal to 18 times the particle diameter. The simulation results were compared with previously published data for verification purposes. The results of this work should provide a guideline for choosing the appropriate grid size and thereby minimize the time and expense associated with large simulations.

关键词： mesh effectHydrodynamicsComputational fluid dynamicsEuler-Euler method mFIX

David Jones and charles Olson in Time and Space

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2020年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： charles Alexander Chax Press/University of Houston-Victoria

David Jones and charles Olson concern themselves with large issues of space and time,and how humans are entwined with *** essay seeks to show that Olson's project of space and Jones's with time are very much of the same mettle,that both poems offer a kind of transcendence of one-dimensionality,that time expands to become space,and that,in space,one is confronted with the presence of all time as a *** essay addresses Jones's The Anathemata and a few of his maps and paintings,as well as Olson's maximus Poems,particularly its visual/spatial poetics.

关键词： time space history map geography

The skeleton gets a （reproductive） life

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 651-652页

作者： charles m Allan David l Handelsman ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Universityof Sydney Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

To most well-informed scientists who do not work on bone, the idea that bones determine anything other than your posture and location for the miseries of arthritis would come as quite a surprise. It would be like imagining that the walls of our home played something more than a passive role in the complexities of the lives conducted within. Yet something precisely as radical as that is what Karsenty and his colleagues boldly imagined,1 and then provocatively established in a series of studies over the past decade.20steocalcin （OCN） is a vitamin K- dependent peptide hormone secreted by the bone-formine osteoblasts.

关键词： reproductive David J Handelsman

Relationship between the severity of hepatitis C virus-related liver disease and the presence of Helicobacter species in the liver: A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7278-7284页

作者： Laurent Castéra Anne Pedeboscq marcia Rocha Brigitte Le Bail Corinne Asencio Victor de Lédinghen Pierre-Henri Bernard Christophe Laurent marie-Edith Lafon maylis Capdepont Patrice Couzigou Paulette Bioulac-Sage charles Balabaud Francismégraud Armelle ménard Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie H?pital St-André Bordeaux France Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie H?pital Haut Lévêque Pessac France INSERm ERI 10 Laboratoire deBactériologie Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 BordeauxFrance INSERm E0362Groupe de Recherche pour l'étude du Foie Université VictorSegalen Bordeaux 2 Bordeaux France Service d'Anatomie Pathologique H?pital Pellegrin Bordeaux France Service de ChirurgieDigestive H?pital St-André Bordeaux France Laboratoire de Virologie Université VictorSegalen Bordeaux 2 Bordeaux France

AIm: To determine the presence of Helicobacter species DNA in the liver of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with and without cirrhosis as compared to controls, and to identify the bacterial species involved. mETHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive patients (HBV and HIV negative) with a liver sample obtained after liver biopsy or hepatic resection were studied: 41 with CHC without cirrhosis, 12 with CHC and cirrhosis, and 26 controls (HCV negative). Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting Helicobacter 16S rDNA and species- specific were performed on DNA extracted from the liver. A gastric infection with H pylori was determined by serology and confirmed by 13C-urea breath test. RESULTS: Overall, Helicobacter 16S rDNA was found in 16 patients (20.2%). Although positive cases tended to be higher in CHC patients with cirrhosis (41.6%) than in those without cirrhosis (17.0%) or in controls (15.4%), the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.08). H pylori-like DNA was identified in 12 cases and H. pullorum DNA in 2, while 2 cases remained unidenti- fied. Gastric infection with H pylori was found in only 2 of these patients. CONCLUSION: Our results do not confirm the associ- ation of Helicobacter species DNA in the liver of CHC patients with advanced liver disease. The lack of correlation between positive H pylori serology and the presence of H pylori-like DNA in the liver may indicate the presence of a variant of this species.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis Cirrhosis Helicobacter

Husbandry practices and gut health outcomes in weaned piglets:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 205-211页

作者： Balachandar Jayaraman charles m.Nyachoti Department of Animal Sciences University of Manitoba

The immediate post-weaning period is one of the most stressful phases in a pig's life, and during this period, piglets are usually exposed to environmental, social and psychological stressors which have direct or indirect effects on gut health and overall growth performance. In this review, the impact of husbandry practices on gut health outcomes and performance of piglets is discussed. Husbandry practices in the swine barn generally include nutrition and management practices, maintenance of hygienic standards and disease prevention protocols, and animal welfare considerations. Poor husbandry practices could result in reduced feed intake, stress and disease conditions, and consequently affect gut health and performance in weaned piglets. Reduced feed intake is a major risk factor for impaired gut structure and function and therefore a key goal is to maximize feed intake in newly weaned piglets. In weaned piglets, crowding stress could reduce pig performance, favor the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria resulting in diarrhea, stimulate immune responses and interfere with beneficial microbial activities in the gut. Sanitation conditions in the swine barn plays an important role for optimal piglet performance, because unclean conditions reduced growth performance, shifted nutrient requirements to support the immune system and negatively affected the gut morphology in weaned piglets. Appropriate biosecurity measures need to be designed to prevent disease entry and spread within a swine operation,which in turn helps to keep all pigs and piglets healthy. Collectively, husbandry practices relating to feeding and nutrition, animal welfare, biosecurity and disease prevention are important determinants of gut health and piglet performance. Thus, it is suggested that adopting high husbandry practices is a critical piece in strategies aimed at raising pigs without the use of in-feed antibiotics.

关键词： Gut health Husbandry practices Weaned piglets

Application of resistant starch in swine and poultry diets with particular reference to gut health and function

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第3期4卷 305-310页

作者： Alemu Regassa charles m.Nyachoti Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

The immediate post-weaning period poses a major challenge on the survival of piglets. Similarly, newly hatched chicks face life threatening challenges due to enteric infections. In the past several years, in-feed antibiotics have been used to reduce these production problems and improve growth. However, in-feed antibiotics have been banned in many jurisdictions and therefore the most effective alternatives to infeed antibiotics must be developed. To date, several studies have been conducted to develop alternatives to antibiotics. One of the potential candidates as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics is resistant starch(RS). Resistance starch is a type of starch that resists enzymatic digestion in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract and therefore passes to hindgut where it can be fermented by resident microorganisms. microbial fermentation of RS in the hindgut results in the production of short chain fatty acids(SCFA). Production of SCFA in turn results in growth and proliferation of colonic and cecal cells, increased expression of genes involved in gut development, and creation of an acidic environment. The acidic environment suppresses the growth of pathogenic microorganisms while selectively promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. Thus, RS has the potential to improve gut health and function by modifying and stabilising gut microbial community and by improving the immunological status of the host. In this review, we discussed the roles of RS in modifying and stabilising gut microbiota, gut health and function, carcass quality, and energy metabolism and growth performance in pigs and poultry.

关键词： Resistant starch Swine Poultry Gut health and function Growth performance