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吸烟、食用鱼类、摄取ω-3脂肪酸与老年性黄斑变性关系的美国双生子老年性黄斑变性研究

世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第12期 15-16页

作者： Seddon j.M. George S. Rosner B. 王静波 Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 243 Charles St Boston MA United StatesDr.

Objective: To evaluate modifiable risk and protective factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among elderly twins. Methods: The US Twin Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration comprises elderly male twins from the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council World War II Veteran Twin Registry. To determine genetic and environmental risk factors for AMD, twins were surveyed for a prior diagnosis of AMD and underwent an eye examination, fundus photography, and food frequency and risk factor questionnaires. This environmental component of the study includes 681 twins: 222 twins with AMD (intermediate or late stages) and 459 twins with no maculopathy or early signs. Risk for AMD according to cigarette smoking and dietary fat intake was estimated using logistic regression analyses. Results: Current smokers had a 1.9-fold increased risk (95%confidence interval, 0.99-3.68, P=.06) of AMD while past smokers had about a 1.7-fold increased risk (95%confidence interval, 1.2-2.6, P=.009). Increased intake of fish reduced risk of AMD, particularly for 2 or more servings per week (P trend =.04). Dietary omega-3 fatty intake was inversely associated with AMD (odds ratio, 0.55; 95%confidence interval, 0.32-0.95) comparing the highest vs lowest quartile. Reduction in risk of AMD with higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids was seen primarily among subjects with low levels (below median) of linoleic acid intake, an omega-6 fatty acid (P trend<.001). The attributable risk percentage was 32%for smoking and the preventive fraction was 22%for higher omega-3 intake. Conclusions: This study of twins provides further evidence that cigarette smoking increases risk while fish consumption and omega-3 fatty acid intake reduce risk of AMD.

关键词：双生子黄斑变性老年性脂肪酸美国美利坚合众国北美洲

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儿童及青少年无症状性高血糖的病因学异质性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 21-22页

作者： Feigerlov E. Pruhov S. Dittertov L. j. Lebl 平智广 Department of Paediatrics 3rd Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityVinohradska 159100 81 Prague 10Czech Republic

Introduction:Randomly estimated fasting hyperglycaemia in an asymptomatic individual may represent the first sign of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Objective:We aimed at specifying the genetic aetiology of asymptomatic hyperglycaemia in a cohort of children and adolescents. Subjects and methods:We analysed the aetiological diagnosis in 82 non-obese paediatric subjects (38 males) aged 0.2-18.5 years (median:13.1) who were referred for elucidation of a randomly found blood glucose level above 5.5 mmol/l. In addition to fasting glycaemia and circulating levels of insulin and C-peptide,the subjects were tested by an oral glucose tolerance test and an intravenous glucose tolerance test and screened for mutations in the genesen coding glucokinase (GCK),HNF-1α(TCF1),Kir6.2 (KCNj11)(if aged j11 mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Of the remaining patients,11 progressed to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and 9 had impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus of unknown origin. In 23 subjects,an impairment of blood glucose levels was not confirmed. We conclude that 39 of 82 paediatric patients (48%) with randomly found fasting hyperglycaemia suffered from single gene defect conditions,MODY2 being the most prevalent. An additional 11 patients(13%) progressed to overt T1DM. The aetiological diagnosis in asymptomatic hyperglycaemic children and adolescents is a clue to introducing an early and effective therapy or,in MODY2,to preventing any future extensive re-investigations.

关键词：高血糖无症状性血糖过高病因学葡萄糖激酶异质性空腹血糖葡萄糖耐量随机血糖阳性家族史

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腹壁子宫内膜异位症的恶性转化:1例新的病例报道(法)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 61-62页

作者： Sergent F. Baron M. Le Cornec j.-B. 朱磊 Clinique Gynécologique et Obstétricale Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireHpital Charles-Nicolle1rue de Germont76031 Rouen Cedex

Cancer arising in abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare event,hindering diagnosis and making management uncertain. A cesarean section scar is generally at the origin of the disease. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman,with a past medical history of cesarean deliveries,complaining of a repeat abdominal wall endometriosis which transformed into a clearcell carcinoma. Outcome was rapidly fatal. Compared with endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma,the prognosis of this abdominal scar complication is poor. In the literature,survival rate reaches only 57%after a short follow-up of 20 months. Clear-cell carcinoma is the most common histological subtype,followed by endometrioid carcinoma. Radical surgery is the main treatment. Good technique and proper care during cesarean section may help in preventing this endometriosis complication.

关键词：子宫内膜异位症透明细胞癌组织病理学类型子宫内膜样癌根治性手术

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Pierpont Morgan图书馆

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中国电梯 2007年第22期18卷 52-53页

作者： William j. Dammers 何爱春（译）

纽约Pierpont Morgan图书馆（现在称Pierpont Morgan图书博物馆）是一个研究型的图书馆，建于1906年，原本是***的私人图书馆。除了一些装订成册的手稿和印刷书籍外，还有主人收集的许多版画和绘画。图书馆由McKim，Mead和White公司的Ch... 详细信息

纽约Pierpont Morgan图书馆（现在称Pierpont Morgan图书博物馆）是一个研究型的图书馆，建于1906年，原本是***的私人图书馆。除了一些装订成册的手稿和印刷书籍外，还有主人收集的许多版画和绘画。图书馆由McKim，Mead和White公司的charles McKim设计，造价为120万美元。在1924年由他的儿子john Pierpont Morgan，jr将它改为公共图书馆。

关键词： Morgan 公共图书馆 White Mead 博物馆

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颅外段颈动脉疾病筛查指南美国神经影像学学会多学科实践指南委员会向医疗卫生专业人员的声明血管和介入神经病学学会共同倡议

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中华脑血管病杂志（电子版） 2008年第2期2卷 94-117页

作者： Adnan I. Quresh Andrei V. Alexandrov charles H. Tegeler Robert W. Hebson Ⅱ j. Dennis Baker L. Nelson Hopkins 陈红兵刘新峰 From the Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center University of Minnescta Minneapolis Minnescta Neurosonology and Stroke Research Program Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona Department of Neurology Bowman Gray School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina CREST Administrative Center University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark New Jersey Division of Vascular Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California Department of Neurological Surgery University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

这份新声明旨在普通人群和经过选择的患者亚群中针对无症状颈动脉狭窄的筛查提供全面和及时的循证推荐。这些推荐针对下列群体:普通人群中的高危者;接受心脏直视手术(包括冠状动脉旁路术)的患者;外周血管病、腹主动脉瘤和肾动脉狭窄患者... 详细信息

这份新声明旨在普通人群和经过选择的患者亚群中针对无症状颈动脉狭窄的筛查提供全面和及时的循证推荐。这些推荐针对下列群体:普通人群中的高危者;接受心脏直视手术(包括冠状动脉旁路术)的患者;外周血管病、腹主动脉瘤和肾动脉狭窄患者;头颈部恶性肿瘤放射治疗后患者;颈动脉内膜切除术或支架置入术后患者;视网膜缺血综合征患者;晕厥、头昏、眩晕或耳鸣患者;有血管病家族史和高同型半胱氨酸血症的患者。这些推荐是在患病率、预期益处和在经过选择的人群中来自其他专业组织的当前指南做出的。

关键词：颈动脉颈动脉狭窄指南筛查成像多普勒超声

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Waldmann病的松解坏死型游走性红斑(法语)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 55-56页

作者： Baricault S. Soubrane j.C. Courville P. P. joly 王琼 Clinique Dermatologique Charles Nicolle CHU de Rouen 1 rue de Germont 76031 Rouen Cedex

Background. We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema in a patient with Waldmann’s disease. Patients and methods. A 55-year-old male patient with a history of Waldmann’s disease was hospitalized for a rash on the trunk and limbs comprising annular polycyclic lesions with peripheral scaling evocative of necrolytic migratory erythema. High-protein and fatty-acid-supplemented parenteral feeding led to rapid improvement of the patient’s cutaneous lesions. Discussion. Waldmann’s disease is characterized by intestinal lymphatic abnormalities leading to exudative intestinal disease causing protein loss in the bowel lumen and deficient fatty acid absorption. The pathogenesis of necrolytic migratory erythema is not fully understood. Increased serum glucagon does not appear to be the only mechanism involved. The occurrence of necrolytic migratory erythema in a patient with Waldmann’s disease supports the current physiopathological hypothesis of the role of decreased plasma protein and amino acid levels in necrolytic migratory erythema.

关键词：红斑坏死型游走性

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肌营养不良患者的梭内肌纤维功能保留

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 45-46页

作者： Aimonetti j.-M. Ribot-Ciscar E. Rossi-Durand C. 陈海 Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Humaine Universit' e de Provence- CNRS Centre de Saint- Charles 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France Dr.

In a previous study, we showed that patients with muscular dystrophies (MDs) perceive passive movements, experience sensations of illusory movement induced b y muscle tendon vibration, and have proprioceptive- regulated sways in response to vibratory stimulation applied to the neck and ankle muscle tendons. These fi ndings argue for preserved proprioceptive functions of muscle spindles. However, it is unclear whether the function of intrafusal muscle fibers is spared, i.e., whether they retain their ability to contract when submitted to a fusimotor dri ve. To answer this question, we analyzed the effects of reinforcement maneuvers (mental computation and the jendrassik maneuver) that are known to increase musc le spindle sensitivity via fusimotor drive in healthy subjects. Nine patients wi th different MDs participated in the study. Reinforcement maneuvers increased bo th the mean amplitude of the Achilles tendon reflex (187 ± 52.9% of the mean control amplitude) and the sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents to imposed mo vements of the ankle. The same reinforcement maneuvers failed to alter the ampli tude of the Hoffmann reflex in the triceps surae muscle. These results suggest t hat the intrafusal muscle fibers preserve their contractile abilities in slowly progressive MDs. The reasons for a differential impairment of intrafusal and ext rafusal muscle fibers and the clinical implications of the present results are d iscussed.

关键词：肌营养不良梭内肌纤维强化操作复合运动肌梭健康受试者动反应收缩能力小腿三头肌强迫运动

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“蛮族习气和宗教的胜利”时代的真实记叙——都尔主教格雷戈里《法兰克人史》的文学分析

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外国文学研究 2004年第6期26卷 42-48页

作者：刘建军东北师范大学文学院

在欧洲中世纪 ,格雷戈里《法兰克人史》开创了个人描写时代和社会生活的先河 ,表现出了历史发展的趋势。从艺术上而言 ,在蛮族入侵欧洲并把古典希腊罗马的叙事传统全部摧毁的情况下 ,《法兰克人史》的写作 ,奠定了一种把现实主义的认识... 详细信息

在欧洲中世纪 ,格雷戈里《法兰克人史》开创了个人描写时代和社会生活的先河 ,表现出了历史发展的趋势。从艺术上而言 ,在蛮族入侵欧洲并把古典希腊罗马的叙事传统全部摧毁的情况下 ,《法兰克人史》的写作 ,奠定了一种把现实主义的认识与写作态度、展示时代的历史文化氛围与富于戏剧化、想象性的描写 ,有机地结合在一起的艺术方式 ,开辟了欧洲后世叙事艺术的先河。

关键词：文学分析时代戏剧化描写想象性写作态度叙事艺术主教宗教个人

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Identification of new genetic risk factors for prostate cancer

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Asian journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 49-55页

作者： Michelle Guy Zsofia Kote-jarai Graham G. Giles Ali Amin Al Olama Sarah K. jugurnauth Shani Mulholland Daniel A. Leongamomlert Stephen M. Edwards jonathan Morrison Helen I. Field Melissa C. Southey Gianluca Severi jenny L. Donovan Freddie C. Hamdy David R Dearnaley Kenneth R. Muir Charmaine Smith Melisa Bagnato Audrey T. Ardern-jones Amanda L. Hall Lynne T. O＇Brien Beatrice N. Gehr-Swain Rosemary A. Wilkinson Angela Cox Sarah Lewis Paul M. Brown Sameer G. jhavar Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz Artitaya Lophatananon Sarah L. Bryant The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators British Association of Urological Surgeons＇ Section of Oncology and The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Alan Horwich Robert A. Huddart Vincent S. Khoo Christopher C. Parker Christopher j. Woodhouse Alan Thompson Tim Christmas Chris Ogden Cyril Fisher charles jameson Colin S. Cooper Dallas R. English john L. Hopper David E. Neal Douglas E Easton Rosalind A. Eeles Section of Cancer Genetics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG UK Cancer Epidemiology Centre The Cancer Council Victoria Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia Department of Social Medicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR UK Academic Urology Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2JF UK The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT and London SW3 6JJ UK University of Nottingham Medical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2RX UK Surgical Oncology （Uro-Oncology S4） Departments of Oncology and Surgery University of Cambridge Addenbrooke＇s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK A full list of authors is provided in the Supplementary Note online Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK.

There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer （PCa） may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes： MSMB, LMTK2 and KLK2/3. The MSMB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LMTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.

关键词： prostate cancer genetics susceptibility loci SNPs relative risks

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结核菌潜伏感染的治疗依从性:美国和加拿大研究的系统综述

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第3期4卷 98-120页

作者： Y.Hirsch-Moverman A.Daftary j.Franks P.W.Colson 刘二勇 charles P Felton National Tuberculosis Center Harlem Hospital Center and Columbia University University of Toronto

背景:人们重新关注成功治疗结核菌潜伏感染对降低结核病总体影响的主要作用。然而,结核菌潜伏感染治疗的依从性在工业化国家(例如美国和加拿大)一直处于较低水平。目的:系统回顾美国和加拿大的相关研究,分析结核菌潜伏感染治疗依从性的... 详细信息

背景:人们重新关注成功治疗结核菌潜伏感染对降低结核病总体影响的主要作用。然而,结核菌潜伏感染治疗的依从性在工业化国家(例如美国和加拿大)一直处于较低水平。目的:系统回顾美国和加拿大的相关研究,分析结核菌潜伏感染治疗依从性的测量和治疗完成率,以及结核菌潜伏感染治疗依从性的预测指标和依从性干预。方法:全面搜索了PubMed,Medline和PsycINFO电子数据库中发表于1997—2007年的定量研究。为了进行数据提取,对研究方法和严谨性进行了严格的审查和全文评估。本综述展示了78个研究的结果。结果:无论治疗方案如何,结核菌潜伏感染的治疗依从及治疗完成率在高风险人群中均不理想。不同研究所发现的依从性与病人因素、医疗机构,以及治疗特点的相关性不尽相同。在美国和加拿大,制定了很多改善依从性的干预措施,但没有一个干预措施显示出一贯的有效性。结论:要想实现消除结核病的目标,结核菌潜伏感染者必须得到有效的治疗。关键是应用连续的测量和改进依从性的方法。发现依从性和治疗完成的障碍将有助于制定有效的、适当的干预措施,一刀切的办法不可能在所有的情况下取得成功。创新的方法能够激励将来采取更加有效的干预措施,并对目前结核菌潜伏感染规划和病人所面临的困难提出解决方案。

关键词：潜伏感染结核病结核菌结核杆菌治疗依从性美国美利坚合众国北美洲加拿大

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