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Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Vanillin via Hetero-Structured High-Entropy Alloy/Oxide Catalysts

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 202-210页

作者： Yan Sun Kaili Liang Ren Tu Xudong Fan charles Q.Jia Zhiwen Jia Yingnan Li Hui Yang Enchen Jiang Hanwen Liu Yonggang Yao Xiwei Xu Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640China Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto200 College StreetToronto ON M5S3E5Canada State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of natural lignocellulosic materials plays a crucial role in converting biomass into value-added *** their complex molecular structures often require multiple active sites synergy for effective activation and achieving high ***,it is reported that a high-entropy alloy(HEA)on high-entropy oxide(HEO)hetero-structured catalyst for highly active,chemoselective,and robust vanillin *** heterogenous HEA/HEO catalysts were prepared by thermal reduction of senary HEOs(NiZnCuFeAlZrO_(x)),where exsolvable metals(e.g.,Ni,Zn,Cu)in situ emerged and formed randomly dispersed HEA nanoparticles anchoring on the HEO *** catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance:100%conversion of vanillin and 95%selectivity toward high-value 2-methyl-4 methoxy phenol at low temperature of 120℃,which were attributed to the synergistic effect among HEO matrix(with abundant oxygen vacancies),anchored HEA nanoparticles(having excellent hydrogenolysis capability),and their intimate hetero-interfaces(showing strong electron transferring effect).Therefore,our work reported the successful construction of HEA/HEO heterogeneous catalysts and their superior multifunctionality in biomass conversion,which could shed light on catalyst design for many important reactions that are complex and require multifunctional active sites.

关键词： biomass conversion heterogeneous catalysts high-entropy oxide high-entropy alloys lignin pyrolysis

Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng charles C.Davis Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

Prediction of Porous Media Fluid Flow with Spatial Heterogeneity Using Criss-Cross Physics-Informed Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1323-1340页

作者： Jiangxia Han Liang Xue Ying Jia Mpoki Sam Mwasamwasa Felix Nanguka charles Sangweni Hailong Liu Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering College of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Exploration Production Research Institute SinopecBeijing102249China Ministry of Energy Tanzania Petroleum Development CorporationTowerDar es Salaam2774Tanzania Ministry of Energy Building Petroleum Upstream Regulatory Authority in Tanzania(PURA)Dar es Salaam11439Tanzania

Recent advances in deep neural networks have shed new light on physics,engineering,and scientific *** the data-centered viewpoint with physical simulation is one of the research *** physicsinformedneural network(PINN)is currently the most general framework,which is more popular due to theconvenience of constructing NNs and excellent generalization *** automatic differentiation(AD)-basedPINN model is suitable for the homogeneous scientific problem;however,it is unclear how AD can enforce fluxcontinuity across boundaries between cells of different properties where spatial heterogeneity is represented bygrid cells with different physical *** this work,we propose a criss-cross physics-informed convolutionalneural network(CC-PINN)learning architecture,aiming to learn the solution of parametric PDEs with spatialheterogeneity of physical *** achieve the seamless enforcement of flux continuity and integration ofphysicalmeaning into CNN,a predefined 2D convolutional layer is proposed to accurately express transmissibilitybetween adjacent *** efficacy of the proposedmethodwas evaluated through predictions of several petroleumreservoir problems with spatial heterogeneity and compared against state-of-the-art(PINN)through numericalanalysis as a benchmark,which demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the PINN.

关键词： Physical-informed neural networks(PINN) flow in porous media convolutional neural networks spatial heterogeneity machine learning

The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physico-Chemical Properties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Derived Biodiesel

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1052-1069页

作者： charles Mazereku Jerekias Gandure Clever Ketlogetswe Faculty of Engineering University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative biodiesel raw material. Four plant growth regulators (PGR) were used to boost the production of safflower. Thirteen treatments were constituted from the four plant regulators and applied to the safflower crop arranged in completely randomised design, repeated three times. The results show that the effect of plant growth regulators was not more than that of the control. More studies have to be channelled towards the relationship between safflower and plant growth regulators.

关键词： Safflower Biodiesel Plant Growth Regulators

Review on Hydroxyurea Usage in Young Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Examining Hemoglobin Induction, Potential Benefits, Responses, Safety, and Effectiveness

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent condition, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the presence of specific genes associated with Malaria contributes to its high prevalence. Patients with sickle cell disease frequently experience painful episodes necessitating hospitalization, and their hemoglobin levels are typically lower than those of the general population. There are different treatment options available to manage complications, such as transfusing blood, hydroxyurea, and strong anti-pains. However, with all these treatments, patients still commonly experience pain crises and suffer from organ damage. Hydroxyurea, the sole approved medication for sickle cell anemia in developed and developing countries, is widely used in children despite being primarily indicated for adults. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hydroxyurea in inducing HbF production in young children with SCD. Elevated HbF levels have been associated with improved clinical outcomes, including a reduction in vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusions. Furthermore, increased HbF levels have been shown to ameliorate disease-related organ damage, such as pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell retinopathy. The response to hydroxyurea treatment in young children with SCD is variable. Some patients achieve substantial increases in HbF levels and experience significant clinical benefits, while others may have a more modest response. Factors influencing the response include baseline HbF levels, genetic modifiers, treatment adherence, and dose optimization. Safety is a crucial consideration when using hydroxyurea in young children. Studies have shown that hydroxyurea is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being myelosuppression, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatological manifestations. However,long-term effects and potential risks, such as renal dysfunction and reproductive impacts, require furth

关键词： Effectiveness Hydroxyurea Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Minimally Effective Dose Maximum Tolerated Dose

Recent Advances for Global Perspectives on Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentations, and Management of Moyamoya Disease

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2024年第1期14卷 6-23页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Dongchi Zhao Youping Deng Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a condition characterized by the gradual narrowing and blockage of blood vessels in the brain, specifically those in the circle of Willis and the arteries that supply it. This results in reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain, leading to progressive symptoms and potential complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains elucidated. However, recent studies have highlighted numerous etiologic factors: abnormal immune complex responses, susceptibility genes, branched-chain amino acids, antibodies, heritable diseases, and acquired diseases, which may be the great potential triggers for the development of moyamoya disease. Its clinical presentation has varying degrees from transient asymptomatic events to significant neurological deficits. Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows different patterns in children and adults. Children with MMD are more susceptible to ischemic events due to decreased blood flow to the brain. Conversely, adults with MMD are more prone to hemorrhagic events involving brain bleeding. Children with MMD may experience a range of symptoms including motor impairments, sensory issues, seizures, headaches, dizziness, cognitive delays, or ongoing neurological problems. Although adults may present with similar clinical symptoms as children, they are more prone to experiencing sudden onset intraventricular, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. One of the challenges in moyamoya disease is the potential for misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, particularly when physicians fail to consider MMD as a possible cause in stroke patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent global studies on the pathophysiology of MMD, along with advancements in its management. Additionally, the review will delve into various surgical treatment options for MMD, as well as its rare occurrence alongside atrioventricular malformations. Exciting prospects include the use of autologous bone marrow transplant and the p

关键词： Moyamoya Disease (MMD) Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentations Management Future Promising Avenues

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 214-224页

作者： Joan Anyika Otike charles Kabubo Victoria Okumu Kenya National Highways Authority Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The performance of bridge projects in Kenya is poor in terms of completion by schedule, cost, and quality (scope). Yet, there is less evidence of empirical research on what factors contribute to this outcome. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining the effects of contractor-related factors on the performance of bridge construction projects in Kenya through a case study of the Bridge projects Implemented by the Kenya National Highway Agency (KeNHA). The theory of constraints (TOC) was adopted as its theoretical framework. Descriptive research was used, and the target population was 18 bridge construction projects, which were the units of analysis from 2012 to 2022. In each of these projects, 18 respondents, namely clients, consultants, contractors, engineers, environment and social guards, project managers, stakeholders, subcontractors, technical advisors, and inspectors, were included in a target population of 144 respondents. A census was conducted and a structured questionnaire was administered from which a response rate of 68% was achieved. The information was analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. The contractor-related factors considered in the study were staff and management factors. The findings indicated that staff and management factors had a positive and significant outcome on performance of bridge construction projects. The study recommends continuous training and a safe learning environment for staff to improve their skills and performance in future projects. The study also recommends that a special category for bridge contractors be created in Kenya’s National Construction Authority rankings to ensure that only qualified contractors implement the Bridge projects.

关键词： Staff Factors Management Factors Performance Bridge Projects KeNHA

Neuron Foundry Mach 8:A Concept of Multi-modal Neurosupportive Energy Therapy Device for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Brain Science Advances 2024年第1期10卷 6-38页

作者： charles McGlynn Doni Dermawan Guia Marie Canonizado School of Earth and Environment Rowan UniversityNJ 08028 New JerseyUnited States Applied Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology00-661 WarsawPoland Saint Louis University School of Medicine 2600 Baguio CityPhilippines

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is rising as the population ages,and many ailments,such as depression,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,autism spectrum disorder,and multiple sclerosis,have intricate underlying mechanisms that are still poorly *** Neuron Foundry Mach 8 is a multi-modal neuro-supportive energy therapy device designed to treat neurodegenerative disorders through daily *** device proposes to deliver safe and controlled energy therapy through multiple therapeutic pathways,including stimulating brain mitochondrial energy,supporting homeostasis within the brain’s immune system,increasing melatonin production within neuronal mitochondria,and triggering cellular communication through the brain’s white *** combining these unique energy-based treatments,this device holds promising potential for slowing,stopping,reversing,or at least reducing the effects of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： energy therapy medical device multi-modal neuro-supportive energy neurodegenerative disorders Neuron Foundry Mach 8

Distribution of atrial cardiomyopathy markers and association with atrial fibrillation detected after ischaemic stroke in the SAFAS study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 165-173,I0426,I0427页

作者： Romain Didier Lucie Garnier Gauthier Duloquin Alexandre Meloux Audrey Sagnard Mathilde Graber Geoffrey Dogon Karim Benali Thibaut Pommier Gabriel Laurent Catherine Vergely Yannick Bejot charles Guenancia Cardiology CHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance Dijon Stroke Registry Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre DijonDijonFrance PEC 2 Universitéde BourgogneDijonFrance Cardiology CHU Saint EtienneSaint EtienneFrance

Background Atrial cardiomyopathy(AC)is an emerging concept explaining the pathophysiology of cardioembolic strokes in absence of atrial fibrillation(AF).A definition based on the presence of electrical abnormality(P-wave terminal force in lead V1(PTFV1)>5000µV×ms),N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT pro BNP)>250pg/mL and/or indexed left atrial diameter(LADI)>3cm/m^(2)is currently tested in the ARCADIA(AtRial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs In prevention After cryptogenic stroke)*** set out to estimate the prevalence of AC as defined in the ARCADIA trial,its determinants and its association with AF detected after stroke(AFDAS).Methods Stepwise screening for silent Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke(SAFAS)study prospectively included 240 ischaemic stroke *** markers were complete for 192 of them and 9 were not included in this analysis because AF had been diagnosed on *** A total of 183 patients were analysed,of whom 57%(104 patients)met the AC criteria(79 NT-proBNP,47 PTFV1,4 LADI).In the multivariate logistic regression,C reactive protein>3mg/L(OR(95%CI)2.60(1.30 to 5.21),p=0.007)and age(OR(95%CI)1.07(1.04 to 1.10),pllow-up,AFDAS was detected in 33%of AC patients and in 14%of the remaining ones(p=0.003).However,AC was not independently associated with AFDAS,contrary to left atrial volume index(>34mL/m^(2),OR 2.35(CI 1.09 to 5.06)p=0029).Conclusion AC as defined in ARCADIA is mostly based on NT pro BNP elevation(76%of patients)and is associated with age and ***,AC was not independently associated with AFDAS at *** ARCADIA trial,which compares aspirin to apixaban in patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source with AC markers and must,therefore be analysed in the light of these limitations.

关键词： atrial cardiomyopathy prevention