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Significance of age and comorbidity as prognostic indicators for patients with bladder cancer

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 766-774页

作者： Moon soo Ha In Ho chang Department of Urology College of Medicine Chung-Ang University Seou1140-75 7 Korea

The aim of this study was to determine the impact that age and comorbidity status have on both overall and bladder cancer-specific survival of bladder cancer patients. We obtained medical information pertaining to a population of 528 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer from Chung-Ang University Hospital cancer registry. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 （ACE-27） test, which has been previously validated in adult cancer patients, was used to assess comorbidity. We evaluated differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients, as well as differences in the treatments they received after categorizing them by age. The median age at the time of bladder cancer diagnosis of the entire cohort was 63 years, and the median follow-up time was 97 months. Of the 528 patients who were included in our study, 303 had at least one comorbid condition and 249 died during the follow-up period. When patients were stratified by age, we found that older patients had a higher proportion of severe comorbidities （P 〈 0.01） than younger patients, and that a lower proportion of them underwent radical cystec- tomy for invasive bladder cancer （IBC）（P 〈 0.01）. By multivariate analysis, we found that older age was predictive of lower overall survival （OS） and bladder cancer-specific survival （BCSS） rates among patients with superficial bladder cancer （SBC） and of lower OS rates among patients with IBC. We also found that moderate-severe comorbidity status and treatment through a bladder-conserving approach were predictive of lower OS and cancer-specific survival rates among patients with IBC. The disparity between overall deaths and bladder cancer deaths was shown in SBC and increased along with age and higher comorbidity. Age and comorbidity were found to be independent predictive factors of OS and BCSS among bladder cancer patients, and explained the disparity that we observed between overall bladder cancer-specific mortality rates.

关键词： age comorbidity neoplasm prognostic indicator urinary bladder

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Accurate Multi-Site Daily-Ahead Multi-Step PM_(2.5)Concentrations Forecasting Using Space-Shared CNN-LSTM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5143-5160页

作者： Xiaorui Shao chang soo Kim Department of Information Systems Pukyong National UniversityBusan608737Korea

Accurate multi-step PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with diameters≤2.5 um)concentration prediction is critical for humankinds’health and air populationmanagement because it could provide strong evidence for ***,it is very challenging due to its randomness and *** paper proposed a novel method based on convolutional neural network(CNN)and long-short-term memory(LSTM)with a space-shared mechanism,named space-shared CNN-LSTM(SCNN-LSTM)for multi-site dailyahead multi-step PM_(2.5)forecasting with self-historical *** proposed SCNN-LSTM contains multi-channel inputs,each channel corresponding to one-site historical PM_(2.5)concentration *** which,CNN and LSTM are used to extract each site’s rich hidden feature representations in a stack ***,CNN is to extract the hidden short-time gap PM_(2.5)concentration patterns;LSTM is to mine the hidden features with long-time *** channel extracted features aremerged as the comprehensive features for future multi-step PM_(2.5)concentration ***,the space-shared mechanism is implemented by multi-loss functions to achieve space information ***,the final features are the fusion of short-time gap,long-time dependency,and space information,which enables forecasting more *** validate the proposed method’s effectiveness,the authors designed,trained,and compared it with various leading methods in terms of RMSE,MAE,MAPE,and R^(2)on four real-word PM_(2.5)data sets in Seoul,South *** massive experiments proved that the proposed method could accurately forecast multi-site multi-step PM_(2.5)concentration only using self-historical PM_(2.5)concentration time series and running ***,the proposed method obtained averaged RMSE of 8.05,MAE of 5.04,MAPE of 23.96%,and R^(2)of 0.7 for four-site daily ahead 10-hourPM_(2.5)concentration forecasting.

关键词： PM_(2.5)forecasting CNN-LSTM air quality management multi-site multi-step forecasting

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Luminescence properties of Eu^(2+),Gd^(3+) and Pr^(3+) doped translucent Sialon phosphors

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第11期33卷 1142-1147页

作者： Bhupendra Joshi soo Wohn lee Research Center for Eco Multi-Functional Nano Materials Sun Moon University

Optical properties of hot pressed Sialon ceramics doped with different rare earth oxides（REOs） i.e. Eu2O3, Gd2O3, and Pr2O3 were investigated. The α-Sialon phase was the main phase obtained after sintering as observed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The transparency of different samples of varying thickness measured from UV to IR region revealed that the samples were translucent in the visible region while transparent in IR region. The thin samples of 150 μm thickness had transmittance as high as 30% in the visible region. The luminescence was observed in transmittance mode to investigate the effect of sample thickness on luminescence intensity. We observed blue, yellow and red emissions in Sialon doped with Gd2O3, Eu2O3, and Pr2O3, respectively. The excitation wavelength for Gd2O3 and Pr2O3 doped samples were in UV region i.e. 280 and 270 nm, respectively, whereas, for Eu2O3 doped samples was in the blue region（460 nm）. The Eu2O3 doped Sialon having 300 μm thickness showed better white light extraction as coupled with blue LED. Moreover, the fabricated phosphor samples exhibited high hardness around 20 GPa and fracture toughness above 5 MPa·m1/2.

关键词： Sialon phosphors luminescence rare earth oxides hot pressing

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Dynamic PIV Measurement of a Compressible Flow Issuing from an Airbag Inflator Nozzle

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第4期15卷 377-381页

作者： SangJoonlee YoungGilJang SeokKim chang soo Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering POSTECHSan 31Hyoja DongPohang790-784Korea Safety System R&D Department Hyundai MOBIS80-10Mabook-RiGuseong-EupYongin-ShiGyunggi-Do449-910Korea

Among many equipment for passenger safety, the air bag system is the most fundamental and effective device for an automobile. The inflator housing is a main part of the curtain-type air bag system, which supplies high-pressure gases in pumping up the air bag-curtain which is increasingly being adapted in deluxe cars for protecting passengers from the danger of side clash. However, flow information on the inflator housing is very limited. In this study, we measure the instantaneous velocity fields of a high-speed compressible flow issuing from the exit nozzle of an inflator housing using a dynamic PIV system. From the velocity field data measured at a high frame-rate, we evaluate the variation of the mass flow rate with time. The dynamic PIV system consists of a high-repetition Nd：YLF laser, a high-speed CMOS camera, and a delay generator. The flow images are taken at 4000 fps with synchronization of the trigger signal for inflator ignition. From the instantaneous velocity field data of flow ejecting from the airbag inflator housing at the initial stage, we can see a flow pattern of broken shock wave front and its downward propagation. The flow ejecting from the inflator housing is found to have very high velocity fluctuations, with the maximum velocity at about 700 m/s. The time duration of the high-speed flow is very short, and there is no perceptible flow after 100 ms.

关键词： Airbag inflator PIV automobile.

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Distribution of electric field for carbon nanotube assembly: Simulation (I)

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第A1期21卷 117-120页

作者： soon-Geun KWON soo-Hyun KIM Kwang-Ho KIM Myung-chang KANG Hyung-Woo lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Korea National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University

The distribution of electric field for the alignment and attachment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was simulated. To be attached at the desired place, the aligned and attracted CNTs should be stayed in the desired area called the stable region or the quasi-stable region for an instant where the change of electric field is minimized. Since the conical electrode has the very narrow sized quasi-stable region, few CNTs can be attached. The rectangular electrodes have a wide stable region, so lots of CNTs can be attached. The results indicate that the round electrode which has a proper sized quasi-stable region is more effective for aligning and attaching a single CNT than the conical or rectangular shaped electrodes.

关键词： carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dielectrophoresis (DEP) round shaped electrode simulation

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Parameterization of below-cloud scavenging for polydisperse fine mode aerosols as a function of rain intensity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 43-55页

作者： chang Hoon Jung Hyung-Min lee Dasom Park Young Jun Yoon Yongjoo Choi Junshik Um Seoung soo lee Ji Yi lee Yong Pyo Kim Department of Health Management Kyungin Women’s UniversityIncheon 21041Korea Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Woman’s UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Environmental Engineering Konkuk UniversitySeoulKorea Korea Polar Research Institute IncheonKorea Department of Environment Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYonginKorea Department of Atmospheric Sciences Pusan National UniversityBusanKorea Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Research Center for Climate Sciences Pusan National UniversityBusanKorea Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea

The below-cloud aerosol scavenging process by precipitation is one of the most important mechanisms to remove aerosols from the *** to its complexity and dependence on both aerosol and raindrop sizes,wet scavenging process has been poorly treated,especially during the removal of fine *** makes the numerical simulation of below-cloud scavenging in large-scale aerosolmodels *** consider the slip effects of submicron particles,a simplified expression for the diffusion scavenging was developed by approximating the Cunningham slip correction *** derived analytic solution was parameterized as a simple power function of rain intensity under the assumption of the lognormal size distribution of *** resultant approximated expression was compared to the observed data and the results of previous studies including a 3D atmospheric chemical transport model *** with the default GEOS-Chem coefficient of 0.00106R0.61 and the observation-based coefficient of 0.0144R0.9268,the coefficient of a and b in∧m=aRb spread in the range of 0.0002-0.1959 for a and 0.3261-0.525 for b over a size distribution of GSD of 1.3–2.5 and a geometric mean diameter of 0.01-2.5μ***,this study showed that the scavenging coefficient varies widely by orders of magnitude according to the size distribution of particles and rain *** study also demonstrated that the obtained simplified expression could consider the theoretical approach of aerosol *** proposed analytic approach showed that results can be effectively applied for reduced computational burden in atmospheric modeling.

关键词： Below-cloud scavenging Polydisperse aerosol Parameterization Cunningham correction factor Scavenging coefficient

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Local Meteorological and Synoptic Characteristics of Fogs Formed over Incheon International Airport in the West Coast of Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第4期27卷 761-776页

作者： chang Ki KIM Seong soo YUM Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-dong Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-749 Korea

Fogs observed over Incheon international airport （IIA） in the west coast of Korea from January 2002 to August 2006 are classified into categories of coastal fog, cold sea fog, and warm sea fog based on the areal extent of the fogs and the difference between the air temperature （T ） and the SST, i.e., cold sea fog if TSST = T -SST 〉 0~0C and warm sea fog if TSST 〈 0~0C. The numbers of coastal, cold, and warm sea fog cases are 64, 26, and 9. Coastal fogs form most frequently in winter, while cold sea fogs occur mostly in summer and warm sea fogs are observed from January to May but not in November and December. On average the air gets colder by 1.6~0C during the three hours leading up to the coastal fog formation, and an additional cooling of 1.1~0C occurs during the fog. The change in the dew point temperature （T_d） is minimal except during the fog （0.6~0C）. Decreases in T for the cold and warm sea fogs are relatively smaller. The average Td is higher than SST during the cold sea fog periods but this T_d is more than 4~0C higher than that for the corresponding non-fog days, suggesting that cold sea fogs be formed by the cooling of already humid air （i.e., T_d〉SST）. Increases of T_d are significant during the warm sea fog periods （1.4~0C）, implying that effcient moisture supply is essential to warm sea fog formation. Four major synoptic patterns are identified in association with the observed fogs. The most frequent is a north Pacific high that accounts for 38% of cases. Surface or upper inversions are present in 77%, 69%, and 81% of the fog periods for coastal, cold, and warm sea fogs, respectively.

关键词： costal fogs sea fogs west coast of Korea meteorological and synoptic characteristics

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A New FIR Filter for State Estimation and Its Application

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第5期22卷 779-784页

作者： Pyung-soo Kim Myung-Eui lee Department of Electronics Engineering Korea Polytechnic University Shiheung CityKgunggi-DoKorea School of Information Technology Korea University of Technology and Education Cheonan City Chungnam-DoKorea

This paper proposes a new FIR （finite impulse response） filter under a least squares criterion using a forgetting factor. The proposed FIR filter does not require information of the noise covariances as well as the initial state, and has some inherent properties such as time-invariance, unbiasedness and deadbeat. The proposed FIR filter is represented in a batch form and then a recursive form as an alternative form. Prom discussions about the choice of a forgetting factor and a window length, it is shown that they can be considered as useful parameters to make the estimation performance of the proposed FIR filter as good as possible. It is shown that the proposed FIR filter can outperform the existing FIR filter with incorrect noise covariances via computer simulations. Finally, as a useful application, an image sequence stabilization problem is considered. Through this application, the FIR filtering based approach is shown to be superior to the Kalman filtering based approach.

关键词： state estimation FIR (finite impulse response) filter Kalman filter least squares forgetting factor

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Common bile duct stones on multidetector computed tomography:Attenuation patterns and detectability

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1788-1796页

作者： chang Whan Kim Jae Hyuck chang Yeon soo Lim Tae Ho Kim In Seok lee Sok Won Han Department of Internal Medicine College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea505 BanpoDongSeocho-GuSeoul 137-701South Korea Department of Radiology College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea505 Banpo-DongSeocho-GuSeoul 137-701South Korea

AIM:To investigate the attenuation patterns and detectability of common bile duct(CBD) stones by multidetector computed tomography(MDCT).METHODS:Between March 2010 and February 2012,191 patients with suspicion of CBD stones undergoing both MDCT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) were enrolled and reviewed *** attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT were classified as heavily calcified,radiopaque,less radiopaque,or *** association between the attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT and stone type consisting of pure cholesterol,mixed cholesterol,brown pigment,and black pigment and the factors related to the detectability of CBD stones by MDCT were ***:MDCT showed CBD stones in 111 of 130 patients in whom the CBD stones were demonstrated by ERCP with 85.4% *** attenuation patterns of CBD stones on MDCT were heavily calcified 34(26%),radiopaque 31(24%),less radiopaque 46(35%),and undetectable 19(15%).The radiopacity of CBD stones differed significantly according to stone type(P < 0.001).From the receiver operating characteristic curve,stone size was useful for the determination of CBD stone by MDCT(area under curve 0.779,P < 0.001) and appropriate cut-off stone size on MDCT was 5 *** factors related to detectability of CBD stones on MDCT were age,stone type,and stone size on multivariate analysis(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The radiopacity of CBD stones on MDCT differed according to stone *** type and stone size were related to the detectability by MDCT,and appropriate cut-off stone size was 5 mm.

关键词： Common bile duct gallstones Gallstones Multidetector computed tomography Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

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Factors associated with strabismus after cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation in congenital cataracts

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第3期7卷 522-527页

作者： soo Jung lee Wan-soo Kim Department of Ophthalmology Haeundae Paik Hospital

AIM:To evaluate factors associated with the development of strabismus after cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens ***:The medical records of 122 patients,aged1.5mo to 9y,who had undergone cataract extraction with primary intraocular lens implantation between January1993 and August 2011 were *** patients(17 eyes)with strabismus before cataract surgery were *** were divided into those with congenital bilateral cataracts(64 patients,128 eyes)and those with unilateral cataracts(44 patients,44 eyes).The associations between the development of strabismus and age at cataract surgery,pre-and post-cataract extraction corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),interocular CDVA difference,nystagmus,surgical method,and secondary cataract were ***:Factors significantly associated with the development of strabismus included age at cataract surgery(≤1y),preoperative mean CDVA≤20/100,presence of nystagmus in the bilateral cataract group and postoperative interocular CDVA difference>20/70 in the unilateral *** CDVA≤20/100 and preservation of posterior capsule,and presence of secondary cataract were significant factors in both ***:Children with congenital cataracts should be monitored carefully after cataract surgery for the development of strabismus,especially when they underwent surgery at age≤1y,and they have nystagmus,large postoperative interocular CDVA difference,poor preoperative and postoperative CDVA,preservation of the posterior capsule,or secondary cataract.

关键词： strabismus congenital cataract nystagmus

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