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Comments on "Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols over Oceans from Satellite Observation"

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第1期30卷 10-14页

作者： Hye-Ryun OH chang-hoi ho Yong-Sang Choi School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University

Previous observational studies have estimated anthropogenic aerosol direct radiative forcing over oceans without due consideration of cloudy-sky aerosols. however, when interaction between clouds and aerosols located below or above the cloud level is taken into account, the aerosol direct radiative forcing is larger by as much as 5 W m-2 in most mid-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： cloudy-sky aerosol forcing anthropogenic aerosol aerosol optical depth satellite observations

Influence of Tropical Cyclone Landfalls on Spatiotemporal Variations in Typhoon Season Rainfall over South China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 443-454页

作者： Min-Hee LEE chang-hoi ho Joo-hong KIM Computational Science and Technology Seoul National University School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Met Office Hadley Centre

This study examined the impact of tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls on the spatiotemporal variations in the rainfall over South China for the period 1957–2005. The target region was selected to show the noteworthy contribution of TC landfalls to the total rainfall during the typhoon season (July–October). Two prevailing spatial variations in the rainfall were obtained from an EOF analysis. The first EOF mode displays singlesign variability over South China with an explained variance of 23.4%. The associated time series of this mode fluctuates on a decadal timescale and was found to be correlated with TC genesis in the South China Sea. The second EOF mode shows a seesaw pattern between Hainan Island/Guangdong Province and the remaining regions with an explained variance of 11.4%. This seesaw pattern results from an anti-correlation in seasonal TC landfalls between the two regions, which was found in previous studies. This is related to the strengthening (weakening) of the upper tropospheric jets and the corresponding development of a massive anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation over East Asia. The EOF analysis was also conducted using just the data for rainfall caused by landfalling TCs. This revealed that the first EOF mode using just the TC-induced rainfall is nearly identical to the second mode from the total rainfall. The obvious seesaw pattern of the first mode when employing just the TC-induced rainfall in the EOF analysis implies that this pattern has larger temporal variability than the single-signed pattern (i.e., the first EOF mode using the total rainfall) in terms of TC landfalls. This study suggests that TC landfalls over South China and the accompanying rainfall significantly modulate the spatial variation of the typhoon season rainfall there.

关键词： rainfall tropical cyclone South China typhoon season

Retrieval of Outgoing Longwave Radiation from COMS Narrowband Infrared Imagery

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第3期32卷 375-388页

作者： Myung-Sook PARK chang-hoi ho Heeje Cho Yong-Sang Choi School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul Korea School of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science & TechnologyUlsan Korea Computational Science and Technology Seoul National UniversitySeoul Korea Computational Science and Technology Seoul National UniversitySeoul Korea Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul Korea

hourly outgoing longwave radiation （OLR） from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite （COMS） has been retrieved since June *** COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared *** study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm （OLR12.0 using the 12.0 μm channel） and three multiple-channel algorithms （OLR10.8＋12.0 using the 10.8 and 12.0 pm channels; OLR6.7＋10.8 using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLRAll using the 6.7,10.8,and 12.0 μm channels）.The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth＇s Radiant Energy System （CERES） over the full COMS field of view [roughly （50°S-50°N,70°-170°E）] during April *** results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5-7 W m-2,which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast ***6.7＋10.8 and OLRAll have much smaller errors （～ 6 W m-2） than OLR12.0 and OLR10.8＋12.0 （～ 8 W m-2）.Moreover,the small errors of OLR6.7＋10.8 and OLRAll are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance *** results indicate a noteworthy role of the 6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the *** dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface,atmospheric,and observational conditions is also discussed.

关键词： outgoing longwave radiation Communication Oceanography and Meteorological Satellite Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System

Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Cold Surge Occurrences in East Asia:A Case Study During 2005/06 Winter

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第5期25卷 791-804页

作者： Tae-Won PARK Jee-hoon JEONG chang-hoi ho Seong-Joong KIM School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea

The characteristics of the upper-level circulation and thermodynamical properties for the period when two distinct cold surges broke out over East Asia during the 2005/06 winter are investigated. From early December 2005 to early January 2006, exceptionally cold weather lasted for approximately one month due to two successive cold surges that took place on 2 December 2005 and 2 January 2006, respectively. This study reveals that both involve the upper-tropospheric circulation, which induces the amplification and expansion of the surface Siberian high toward East Asia, but arose from different causes： the former is caused by the upper-level blocking originated from the North Pacific and the latter is caused by the upper-level wave train across the Eurasian Continent. In particular, it is suggested that the lower-tropospheric anomalous wind caused by upper-level circulation anomalies and a steep meridional temperature gradient amplified by phase-locked annual cycle combined to induce very strong cold advection in East Asia, which resulted in exceptionally cold weather that lasted for several weeks. The present results emphasize that the characteristics of the upper-tropospheric circulation can be considered as important precursors to cold surge occurrences in East Asia.

关键词： cold surge Siberian high East Asia East Asian winter monsoon upper-tropospheric circulation

Observational Diagnosis of Cloud Phase in the Winter Antarctic Atmosphere for Parameterizations in Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第6期27卷 1233-1245页

作者： Yong-Sang Choi chang-hoi ho Sang-Woo KIM Richard S.LINDZEN Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of Technology School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University

The cloud phase composition of cold clouds in the Antarctic atmosphere is explored using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization （CALIOP） instruments for the period 2000-2006. We used the averaged fraction of liquid-phase clouds out of the total cloud amount at the cloud tops since the value is comparable in the two measurements. MODIS data for the winter months （June, July, and August） reveal liquid cloud fraction out of the total cloud amount significantly decreases with decreasing cloud-top temperature below 0°C. In addition, the CALIOP vertical profiles show that below the ice clouds, low-lying liquid clouds are distributed over ～20% of the area. With increasing latitude, the liquid cloud fraction decreases as a function of the local temperature. The MODIS-observed relation between the cloud-top liquid fraction and cloud-top temperature is then applied to evaluate the cloud phase parameterization in climate models, in which condensed cloud water is repartitioned between liquid water and ice on the basis of the grid point temperature. It is found that models assuming overly high cut-offs （ -40°C） for the separation of ice clouds from mixed-phase clouds may significantly underestimate the liquid cloud fraction in the winter Antarctic atmosphere. Correction of the bias in the liquid cloud fraction would serve to reduce the large uncertainty in cloud radiative effects.

关键词： cloud phase mixed-phase clouds polar cloud cloud radiative effect cloud parameterization

Two Types of Diurnal Variations in Heavy Rainfall during July over Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 2201-2211页

作者： chang-Kyun PARK Minhee chang chang-hoi ho Kyung-Ja HA Jinwon KIM Byung-Ju SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea School of Earth and Environmental Systems Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Korea Center for Climate Physics Institute for Basic ScienceBusan 46241Korea National Institute of Meteorological Sciences Korean Meteorological AdministrationJeju 63568Korea

This study examined the characteristics of the diurnal variations of heavy rainfall(≥110 mm in 12 hours)in Korea and the related atmospheric circulation for July from 1980−*** the analysis period,two dominant pattens of diurnal variation of the heavy rainfall emerged:all-day heavy rainfall(AD)and morning only heavy rainfall(MO)*** the AD-type,the heavy rainfall is caused by abundant moisture content in conjunction with active convection in the morning(0000−1200,LST;LST=UTC+9)and the afternoon hours(1200−2400 LST).These systems are related to the enhanced moisture inflow and upward motion induced by the strengthening of the western North Pacific subtropical high and upper-tropospheric *** the MO-type,heavy rainfall occurs mostly in the morning hours;the associated atmospheric patterns are similar to the *** find that the atmospheric pattern related to severe heavy rainfalls in 2020 corresponds to a typical AD-type and resembles the 1991 heavy-rainfall system in its overall synoptic/mesoscale *** present results imply that extremely heavy rainfall episodes in Korea during the 2020 summer may occur again in the future associated with the recurring atmospheric phenomenon related to the heavy rainfall.

关键词： heavy rainfall diurnal cycle of rainfall 2020 summer summer rainy season Korea

Preface to the Special Issue on Summer 2020:Record Rainfall in Asia—Mechanisms,Predictability and Impacts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 1977-1979页

作者： Robin TCLARK Xiquan DONG chang-hoi ho Jianhua SUN Huiling YUAN Tetsuya TAKEMI Met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 857210011USA School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityUji 611-0011Japan

Throughout vast areas of Asia,the summer of 2020 was extraordinarily *** an exceptionally wet May in Northeast India and Bangladesh,excessive rainfall hit at least 10 provinces in central and southern China in June and July,causing extensive flooding in many rural and urban *** standing rainfall,lake and river level records were consequently broken in several parts of the region with the Yangtze-Huaihe river valleys,particularly badly impacted,with consequential economic *** and landslides also affected parts of Japan with at least one location in Kumamoto province even experiencing a record-breaking 1000 mm of rainfall in just 3 days in early *** 2020 wet season in South Korea was also exceptionally long,lasting 54 days,compared to their more usual 32.

关键词： exceptional Northeast valley

Spatial Interpolation of Daily Precipitation in China:1951-2005

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第6期27卷 1221-1232页

作者： Deliang CHEN Tinghai OU Lebing GONG ChongYu XU 李维京 chang—hoi ho 钱维宏 Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Sweden Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Norway Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100029 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Korea School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871

Climate research relies heavily on good quality instrumental data; for modeling efforts gridded data are needed. So far, relatively little effort has been made to create gridded climate data for China. This is especially true for high-resolution daily data. This work, focuses on identifying an accurate method to produce gridded daily precipitation in China based on the observed data at 753 stations for the period 1951-2005. Five interpolation methods, including ordinary nearest neighbor, local polynomial, radial basis function, inverse distance weighting, and ordinary kriging, have been used and compared. Cross-validation shows that the ordinary kriging based on seasonal semi-variograms gives the best performance, closely followed by the inverse distance weighting with a power of 2. Finally the ordinary kriging is chosen to interpolate the station data to a 18 km× 18 km grid system covering the whole country. Precipitation for each 0.5°×0.5° latitude-longitude block is then obtained by averaging the values at the grid nodes within the block. Owing to the higher station density in the eastern part of the country, the interpolation errors are much smaller than those in the west （west of 100°E）. Excluding 145 stations in the western region, the daily, monthly, and annual relative mean absolute errors of the interpolation for the remaining 608 stations are 74%, 29%, and 16%, respectively. The interpolated daily precipitation has been made available on the internet for the scientific community.

关键词： daily precipitation spatial interpolation ordinary kriging gridded data China

Post-fontan circulation hepatocellular carcinoma:Open and laparoscopic hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 90-93页

作者： Karin KY ho Wong hoi She Simon HY Tsang Kevin S Lo Tan To Cheung Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina Department of Anaesthesiology Queen Mary Hospital102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina

To the Editor:Fontan-associated liver disease shows increasing incidence as advances in pediatric cardiology have prolonged life expectancy in patients with single ventricle congenital heart defects[1].Their unique physiology and procedure-related sequelae present an increasingly relevant challenge in hepatic *** hereby reported a series of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who successfully underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomy.

关键词： hepatocellular hepatectomy surgery