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An updated constraint on the local stratigraphy at the chang'e-4 landing site

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earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第1期5卷 19-31页

作者： YiRen chang ZhiYong Xiao YiChen Wang ChunYu Ding Jun Cui YuZhen Cai State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Planetary environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China Center for excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230000China National Astronomical Observations of China Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100000China

The chang’e-4 mission has been exploring the lunar *** scientific targets of the rover onboard are(1)resolving the possible mineralogy related to the South Pole-Aitken basin and(2)understanding the subsurface processes at the lunar *** to date that are based on the reflectance spectra and radar data obtained by the rover have shown a persistent inconsistency about the local *** explain both the abnormal surface topography at the landing site and the unexpected radargram observed by the rover,the Alder crater has been frequently reported to be older than the mare basalts at that landing ***,this argument is not supported by earlier geological mapping nor recent crater *** this controversy is critical for a full understanding of the geological history of the landing area and for correct interpretations of the scientific data *** detailed crater statistics,rigorous statistical analyses,and an updated crater chronology function,this study is determined to resolve the relative ages of the Alder crater,Finsen crater,and the mare basalts on the floor of Von Kármá*** results reveal that while background secondaries and local resurfacing have widely occurred in the study area,affecting age determinations,the statistics are significant enough to conclude that the Alder crater is the oldest among the three *** independent constraint is consistent with both the crosscutting relationships of different terrains in this area and global stratigraphic *** results exclude Alder as a possible contributor of the post-mare deposits at the landing site,appealing for a more systematic stratigraphy study to resolve the provenances of these deposits.

关键词： Moon chang'e-4 impact craters absolute model age stratigraphy

The use of laser altimetry data in chang'e-1 precision orbit determination

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第9期16卷 83-90页

作者： Sheng-Qi chang Yong Huang Pei-Jia Li Xiao-Gong Hu Min Fan Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology

Accurate altimetric measurement not only can be applied to the calculation of a topography model but also can be used to improve the quality of the orbit reconstruction in the form of crossovers. Altimetry data from the chang＇e-1 （Ce-1） laser altimeter are analyzed in this paper. The differences between the crossover constraint equation in the form of height discrepancies and in the form of minimum distances are mainly discussed. The results demonstrate that the crossover constraint equation in the form of minimum distances improves the Ce- l orbit precision. The overlap orbit performance has increased - 30% compared to the orbit using only tracking data. external assessment using the topography model also shows orbit improvement. The results will be helpful for recomputing ephemeris and improving the Ce-1 topography model.

关键词： celestial mechanics -- methods data analysis -- Moon

Lunar potassium distribution:Results from chang'e-1 gamma ray spectrometer

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第11期54卷 2083-2090页

作者： ZHU Meng-Hua MA Tao chang Jin TANG ZeSheng IP Wing-Huen XU AoAo Space exploration Laboratory Macao University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long Taipa Macao China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 West Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China

The global map of potassium is represented in this paper from chang'e-1 (Ce-1) Gamma-ray Spectrometer (CGRS) for its one-year *** a linear relationship between net count rate and its abundance,the average potassium abundance of individual landing sites is used as ground-truth for the calibration to derive the global map of absolute *** CGRS spectra have a lower signal-to-noise ratio,the translated map still keeps relative *** calculated from Apollo,Lunar Prospector,and Kaguya,global potassium map from CGRS shows high concentrations on the lunar nearside and secondary concentrations located in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the *** comparison with Lunar Prospector potassium map shows a good correlation,though abundances on the highlands of the farside are much lower than that of Lunar *** the footprint of CGRS measurements is larger than the sampling radius of each landing site,the calibrated map shows a larger variation range of the scale than that of Lunar Prospector,which was derived using theoretical calculation;namely,the calibrated map has higher values in the areas with high concentration while having lower values for the areas with lower ***,the derived potassium map is more consistent with the lunar sample data than that of Lunar Prospector.

关键词： chang'e-1 gamma-ray spectrometer potassium distribution empirical calibration

Overall scheme and on-orbit images of chang’e-2 lunar satellite CCD stereo camera

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第9期54卷 2237-2242页

作者： ZHAO Baochang YANG JianFeng WeN DeSheng GAO Wei chang LingYing SONG ZongXi XUe Bin ZHAO Wei Xi'an Institute Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China Key laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China State key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China

The goals of engineering and scientific missions for chang＇e-2 lunar satellite require high detection sensitivity and large imaging dynamic range for the onboard CCD cameras. The TDI CCD image sensor was adopted for the two linear CCD stereo cameras for the first time in the lunar reconnaissance of the world. The design argumentation is described in this paper. The analysis shows that the imagers meet the mission requirements. The satellite was launched on 1 October 2010 at zero window. The cameras obtained images of 7 m resolution on the 100 km orbit for the first time on 24 October 2010, and operated once again on 27 October 2010 to take stereo images of the Sinus Iridum with the resolution better than 1.5 m. On the near-moon-arc of 15 kmxl00 km elliptical orbit, the images are very clear and rich of grey scales, indicating successful completion of the chang＇e-2 engineering mission. At the present the cameras are acquiring the full lunar surface stereo images with 7 m resolution on the 100 km circular orbit to complete their scientific mission.

关键词： lunar satellite chang'e -2 CCD stereo camera engineering and scientific target Sinus lridum image

Data Analysis of chang'e-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U,K,and Th elemental Abundances

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1299-1309页

作者： ZOU Yongliao ZHANG Liyan LIU Jianzhong MU Lingli ReN Xin ZHANG Guangliang chang Jin YAN Jun ZHANG Nan ZHANG Hongbo LU chang LIU Jianjun ZUO Wei SU Yan WeN Weibin BIAN Wei WANG Min XU Chun LI Chunlai OUYANG Ziyuan National Astronomical Observatories the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Purple Mountain Observatory the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Gamma-ray spectrometer （GRS） is one of the main payloads on the chang＇e-1 （Ce-1） lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03：58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105 h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by Ce-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the Ce-1 GRS time series corrected spectra： first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by Ce-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances.

关键词： chang'e-1 payloads gamma rays elemental abundances

Thorium distribution on the Moon:new insights from chang’e-2 gamma-ray spectrometer

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第6期19卷 1-14页

作者： Meng-Hua Zhu Jin chang Tao Ma State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and Technology Taipa Macao China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210034 China CAS Center for excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026 China

We present the thorium distribution on the lunar surface derived from observations by the chang’e-2 gamma-ray spectrometer(Ce-2 GRS). This new map shows a similar thorium distribution to previous observations. In combination with this new thorium map and impact cratering model, we investigate the origination of thorium on the Moon’s highlands, which was previously thought to be contributed from Imbrium ejecta. We found that the Imbrium ejecta has a small contribution(~20%–30%) to the thorium on the lunar highlands but most thorium is likely to be indigenous before the deposition of the Imbrium ejecta. This new thorium map also confirms that the eastern highlands have a relatively higher thorium concentration than the western highlands. We propose that the thin crust and large basins on the eastern highlands are responsible for this difference in thorium.

关键词： Moon-chang'e-2 Gamma-ray Spectrometer-Thorium distribution

Diverse glasses revealed from chang'e-5 lunar regolith

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 150-163页

作者： Rui Zhao Laiquan Shen Dongdong Xiao Chao chang Yao Huang Jihao Yu Huaping Zhang Ming Liu Shaofan Zhao Wei Yao Zhen Lu Baoan Sun Haiyang Bai Zhigang Zou Mengfei Yang Weihua Wang Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology China Academy of Space Technology Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory 5. College of engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University China Academy of Space Technology

Lunar glasses with different origins act as snapshots of their formation processes,providing a rich archive of the Moon’s formation and ***,we reveal diverse glasses from chang’e-5(Ce-5) lunar regolith,and clarify their physical origins of liquid quenching,vapor deposition and irradiation damage *** series of quenched glasses,including rotation-featured particles,vesicular agglutinates and adhered melts,record multiple-scale impact *** micro-impact products,like micron-to nano-scale glass droplets or craters,highlight that the regolith is heavily reworked by frequent micrometeorite *** from Apollo samples,the indigenous ultra-elongated glass fibers drawn from viscous melts and the widespread ultra-thin deposited amorphous rims without nanophase iron particles both indicate a relatively gentle impact environment at the Ce-5 landing *** clarification of multitype Ce-5 glasses also provides a catalogue of diverse lunar glasses,meaning that more of the Moon’ s mysteries,recorded in glasses,could be deciphered in future.

关键词： lunar glasses glass fibers amorphous rims micrometeorite impacts gentle impact environment

Orbit determination of chang'e-3 and positioning of the lander and the rover

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第23期59卷 3858-3867页

作者： Yong Huang Shengqi chang Peijia Li Xiaogong Hu Guangli Wang Qinghui Liu Weimin Zheng Min Fan Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology

chang’e-3 landed on the east of Sinus Iridum area on December 14,2013,performing China’s first successful soft landing on the lunar *** present the results on precision orbit determination and positioning of the lander and the *** describe the data,modeling,and methods used to achieve position knowledge over the period December 2–21,*** addition to the radiometric X-band range and Doppler tracking data,delta differential one-way ranging data are also used in the calculation,which show that they strongly improve the accuracy of the orbit *** position overlap differences are about 20 and 30 m for the 100 km 9 100 km and100 km9 15 km lunar orbit,respectively,increased by*50%with respect to Ce-2 and at the same level as other lunar spacecrafts of recent era such as SeLeNe and lunar reconnaissance orbiter(LRO).The position error of the soft landing trajectory is less than 100 m.A kinematic statistical method is applied to determine the position of the lander and relative position of the rover with respect to the *** position difference of the lander is better than50 m compared to LRO photograph *** with the delta very long baseline interferometry(VLBI)group delay between the lander and the rover,the delta VLBI phase delay can improve the relative position of the rover from*1,000 to*1 m.

关键词：精密定轨着陆器月球车定位甚长基线干涉测量 SeLeNe 位置误差相对位置

Introduction to the Payloads and the Initial Observation Results of chang'e-1

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空间科学学报 2008年第5期28卷 374-384页

作者： SUN Huixian WU Ji DAI Shuwu ZHAO Baochang SHU Rong chang Jin WANG Huanyu ZHANG Xiaohui ReN Qiongying CHeN Xiaomin OUYANG Ziyuan ZOU Yongliao Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 Xi＇an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of High energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomy Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences

chang'e-1,the orbiter circling the moon 200km above the moon surface,is the first Chinese Lunar exploration *** satellite was successfully launched on 24th October *** are 8 kinds of scientific payloads onboard,including the stereo camera,the laser altimeter,the Sagnac-based interferometer image spectrometer,the Gamma ray spectrometer,the X-ray spectrom-eter,the microwave radiometer,the high energy particle detector,the solar wind plasma detector and a supporting payload data management ***'e-1 opened her eyes to look at the moon and took the first batch of lunar pictures after her stereo camera was switched on in 20th November *** all the instruments are successfully switched on one by *** a period of parameter adjustment and initial check out,all scientific instruments are now in their normal operating *** this paper,the payloads and the initial observation results are introduced.

关键词：有效载荷嫦娥一号空间技术分光计微波技术